1. Direct lyricism: that is, the author directly narrates his strong inner feelings in the article without concealing it, allowing the strong emotional torrent to pour out directly.
For example: the ancients are not seen in the past, and the newcomers are not seen in the future. Thinking about the long journey of heaven and earth, I shed tears with sadness. (Chen Zi'ang's "Song of Dengyouzhou")
(1) Translation: I have never seen the sage kings of the past generations. How long will it take for the Ming Lords of future generations to wait? When I think about the infinite distance of the universe, I deeply feel that life is short, and I burst into tears.
(2) Appreciation: The whole poem has a generous and sad tone, and directly expresses the poet's grief, anger, frustration and depression of difficult achievements, empty ambitions and depression through waiting for Youzhou Terrace.
2. Expression of emotion through scenery: (Du Mu's "Po Qinhuai") is a type of indirect lyricism, which expresses the author's feelings through the description of the real scene.
For example: Smoke cage, cold water, moon cage cage sand, mooring in Qinhuai at night near a restaurant. The merchant girl didn't know the hatred for the country's subjugation, but she still sang "Flowers in the Back Garden" across the river.
(1) Translation: Smoke enveloped the water, moonlight enveloped the beach, and the boat was moored in Qinhuai at night, close to the restaurant on the shore. People in the restaurant were still having fun, and the singing girls who were laughing were unaware of the pain of the country's subjugation. They were still singing "Flowers in the Back Garden" across the river.
(2) Appreciation: The first two sentences of the poem describe the scenery, and the last two sentences are lyrical. The scene described is not a clear moonlit night or a cloudless blue sky, but a misty smoky moon covering cold water and white sand. The scenery is so bleak and the atmosphere is so cold, which adds atmosphere and color to the author's worry in the last two sentences. The two scenes blend together and become one.
3. Expressing one's ambitions through things: It is a kind of indirect expression of emotion. To express one's ambitions through things is to express the feelings and thoughts to be expressed by describing and discussing certain things or items.
For example: Drooping down to drink clear dew, the sound of flowing water flows out of the sparse tung trees. The reason for speaking loudly and staying far away is not to borrow the autumn wind. (Yu Shinan's "Cicada")
(1) Translation: The cicada lives on the tall and straight parasol trees. It is naturally different from the insects that wallow in the mud of rotten grass, so its voice can be clear and loud. Cicadas live in high places, and their voices naturally travel far. This is not a flying transmission with the help of autumn wind.
(2) Appreciation: The image of the cicada described in the poem is: the cicada hangs its tentacles on the branches to drink the clean dew, and bursts of cicada sounds come from the sparse sycamore trees. Being at a high place, the cry naturally travels far, not relying on the power of the wind.
The real sentiments of life that the author wants to express in the poem are: all people with noble character always strictly demand themselves and constantly improve their self-cultivation, so their good reputation can spread far and wide without relying on other people. Human bragging. It can be seen that writing about cicadas is the basis, but expressing one's feelings and aspirations is the real purpose.
4. Blending of scenes: The author's feelings are integrated into the description of the scenery, so that the poem reaches the state of "the unity of things and myself" where it is difficult to distinguish which is "scenery" and which is "emotion".
For example: Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan Mountain. The mountain air is getting better day by day and the birds are flying back and forth. There is a true meaning in this, but I have forgotten to explain it.
(1) Translation: In Tao Qian's poem "Drinking", he picked chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely and unobtrusively on the southern mountain. The mist in the mountains is beautiful, the sunset is beautiful, and the birds return to their nests together. There must be a true meaning in it, and I have forgotten it if I debate it
(2) Appreciation: On the surface, the poem describes the scenery, but in fact it implies the poet's detached, nature-loving, and far-off officialdom. Emotional Situation.
5. Combination of movement and static: refers to the description of people, things, and scenes when they are in motion or relatively static.
For example: when the moon is dark, you can see fishing lanterns, and there is only a little firefly in the lone light. A slight breeze stirred up the waves, scattering stars all over the river.
(1) Translation: In the dark night, a fishing lantern flashed on the river. The light of the fishing lantern was like a firefly, reflecting quietly on the river. A breeze blows, and the river surface ripples with layers of fine waves. The light that originally looked like a firefly disperses and turns into countless stars, flashing on the river surface.
(2) Appreciation: The whole poem uses line drawing to describe the scenery the poet saw on the boat at night. The first two sentences describe static, and the last two sentences describe dynamic. One movement and one silence, complementing each other.
6. Use movement to contrast stillness: It is one of the contrast techniques, that is, through the description of movement, rendering contrasts with static, that is, showing static in dynamic description.
7. Writing sadness with happy scenes: It is a kind of contrasting technique. On the surface, it writes a happy scene, but in fact it is used to express a sad and miserable emotion.
8. Use scenery to express feelings: In the process of discussion or lyricism, the poem stops abruptly and turns to describing the scenery, ending with the feelings of the scene, making the poem "ruthless is better than emotion at this time" and seems to be unfinished. .
9. Using the past to satirize the present: This is a common expression technique in epic poems, using historical events to satirize the current dynasty.