Shang Yang people, beauty is black, white hair is new. Green guards the palace gate. As soon as the sun closes, it is spring. Xuanzong entered the primary election at the end of the year, aged 16 and 60. At the same time, more than 100 people were selected, who were deeply disabled. Recalling the past, I swallowed my sadness and said goodbye to my loved ones. I never taught you to cry when you get on the bus. When the clouds are fashionable, they are grateful, their faces are like hibiscus, and their chests are like jade. The king was not allowed to meet, and Yang Fei squinted at him. Jealousy makes you sneak into the palace and stay in the empty room all your life. Leave it blank, the autumn night is long, and the night is sleepless. The shadow on the wall after the lamp still lingers, and the rustle of dark rain hitting the window. It's late spring, so it's hard to sit alone at night. Gong Ying is full of anxiety and disgust, and Liang Yan is always jealous. The warbler's cry goes to Yan quietly, and the spring goes without remembering the year. Just look at the deep palace and the bright moon, and the object is round four or five hundred times. Now the palace is the oldest, and everyone named it Shangshu. Small-headed shoes with narrow clothes and slender indigo eyebrows; Outsiders should laugh if they can't see it.
Shang Yang people suffered the most. How about less bitterness, older bitterness, less bitterness and older bitterness? Don't look at the belle of Lv Xiang in the past; There is no white hair song in the sun today!
This poem is the seventh of the fifty poems of Bai Juyi's new Yuefu. Based on the tragic experience of an old maid-in-waiting, it reveals the criminal acts of the feudal supreme ruler who ruined other women in his court, beautiful youth and happiness that were rare for 3 thousand years because of his lust for beauty. The poet has made careful arrangements from material selection to conception, with strong generality, fluent and vivid language, profound and powerful writing style, showing the edge of fable, which can be called the artistic treasure in China classical literature gallery.
Under the title of the poem, the author notes: "I am dissatisfied." The meaning of "pity" is the same as "compassion", for example, the biography of Feng Ying in the Later Han Dynasty: "To chase Qu Yuan is to harm yourself". The "resentment" here refers to resentment against women, and the old refers to women who are too old to get married; "Kuang" means a widowed man, that is, an adult man without a wife. For example, The Biography of Zhou Ju in the later Han Dynasty said that "there are resentful women inside and widowed men outside". "Resentment" also said that in fact, it is complaining about women, that is, writing about women in the palace wall and deep courtyard. "Angry and open-minded" shows the poet's sympathy for these poor girls.
There is also a small preface before the original poem: "In the five years of Tianbao, Yang Guifei was particularly favored, and the harem people were not lucky enough to rejoin." Those who have beauty in the sixth house need to be placed in other places, and Shang Yang is one of them. Zhenyuan has work to do. "'Shang Yang' refers to the palace of Luoyang, the eastern capital at that time-Shang Yang Palace. The palace is where the emperor lives when he goes out. This preface explains the unfortunate background of Shang Yang's women.
The first eight sentences of this poem are written according to the situation of "Shang Yang's white-haired man" in his later years. Words are sad, words are sad. "Shang Yang people, beauty is black and white hair is new", and the beginning of the pen not only points out the topic, but also always mentions the experience of women in Shang Yang Palace from youth to old age. The contrast between "Beauty" and "White Hair" clearly outlines the great changes in the appearance of the characters, while the great difference between "Old" and "New" shows the ruthlessness of the years, especially the following "dark" word, which shows that the appearance gradually declines in the unconscious years. The old maid-in-waiting lived in the Shang Yang Palace, which was closely guarded by the "Green Prison", and was confined for decades. "Xuanzong entered the primary election at the end of the year, at the age of sixteen and sixty." Here, the number "sixteen" is skillfully reversed into "sixty", which highlights her sadness in her later years and makes a supplementary narrative for the origin of "beauty is old and white." Many women who entered the palace at the same time with her passed away one after another, leaving her alone to spend a cold life, which can make people imagine how deep her loneliness is!
The following eight sentences are used to recall the situation when she entered the palace in the primary election, so as to show the bitterness of the fate of the maid-in-waiting. Running away from home and being separated from her relatives, she felt the pain of "swallowing sadness", but she was afraid to cry. This kind of compulsion suppresses one's feelings, and for fear of appearing outside, one has to let tears flow in one's heart. She entered the palace through a beauty contest, and people think that she will be favored by others because of her beautiful appearance. But "Wang is not allowed to meet each other, and Yang looks askance" and "look askance" describe anger and hatred, which means glaring. Yang Guifei was jealous when she saw her beauty. She was not allowed to meet the king. She blocked her wrist and secretly isolated her to Shangyang Palace with strength. Since then, she has been in this human cage, sending the sun and the moon for life. A person is lonely in an "empty room" Without the glory of Yang Guifei and Wang singing and dancing all night, without the glory of palace lanterns, without the noise of laughter, what is life? This shows how sharp the contradiction of court rivalry is! It seems that "all clouds come in, so it is a dream for her, so the poet wrote the endless sadness of Shang Yang's woman in two sections:" Autumn night is long "and" Spring night ".
The taste of "staying in an empty room" is hard to taste. The author first wrote the tragic scene of "the long autumn night": Autumn is the season that makes her depressed, so she feels "the long autumn night" because she can't sleep and is in a mood disorder. The longer she feels the night, the more she feels that the "sky" is "unknown" and a deep shadow hangs over her heart. The lonely lamp reflects the wall, feeling sorry for myself, and the autumn wind rustling and autumn rain knocking on the window add to the sad atmosphere. The author also wrote about "late spring": "The palace is full of songs and songs, full of the breath of spring, which should arouse people's joy, but this maid-in-waiting is" worried "; Liang Yan lives in pairs ",which will arouse young women's desire for love and naturally arouse envy and jealousy, but this maid-in-waiting is" always jealous ". Hearing Yingying's uneasiness, she was disgusted. Seeing Shuang Yan's indifference and numbness reflects her hatred of nothingness. Year after year, she let her life come to an end in the process of "the warbler returns to the swallow and grows quietly". Year after year, in the process of "going to Qiu Lai in spring without remembering the year", she kept marching forward at any time. She was shut up in the palace. She hated "long nights in autumn" and "nights in spring": "sleepless nights", and looked forward to dawn when it was dark. It's difficult to sit alone at dusk. Tian Ming looks forward to dark and difficult days, and has helpless feelings. He appeals to those who look for the bright moon only in the deep palace, and things are four or five hundred times. And "things" refer to things and indicate the direction, such as "Songs of the South, Nine Sighs and Far": "The water waves are far away, but you can't see what it is. "This refers to the rise and fall of the moon. Wei highlighted the loneliness of the hero. Being imprisoned in the palace and watching the bright moon rise and fall, it can be seen that she is hard to get rid of grievances and often stays up all night, showing the situation and psychology of the characters on paper, incisively and vividly.
When the poem is written here, the protagonist's pain is enough to make people understand, but the poet takes a sharp turn in the poem, telling his empty name in the tone of an old imperial secretary, as if he were outside a world, and his words are humorous, which increases his sadness. She is the oldest maid-in-waiting in the palace. Ironically, "people come from afar to give the name of Shangshu". "Everyone" refers to the customary address of the attendants to the emperor in ancient court. "Arbitrary" volume: "The near servant called everyone (the emperor)." "Biography of Li Guofu in the New Tang Dynasty": "My generation, assisting the country, and so on, became more and more arrogant until the emperor said,' Everyone (called Dai Zong) will sit in the palace first and listen to the execution of foreign slaves.' "Because of" The Oldest ",the protagonist has been blessed by the holy one. From Chang 'an in Kyoto to Shangyang Palace in Luoyang, the empty title of" female history "has been given from a distance, which can neither soothe her traumatized soul nor compensate her sorrow of being banned all her life, but just exposes the extreme hypocrisy of the feudal supreme ruler. She is really old, not only in form, but also in mentality. Look at her dress with "little shoes" and "narrow clothes", her face is full of "indigo eyebrows" and "thin eyebrows", which is completely the appearance of Tianbao in the last years, which is quite different from the wide clothes and short eyebrows outside. After reading this, I can't help but think of two poems in Yuan Zhen Palace: "The maid-in-waiting has long white hair, arguing about Xuanzong's grand occasion." Bai Juyi's old maid-in-waiting was elected to the palace at the end of Xuanzong. She has been claustrophobic for a long time and doesn't even know the changes of the times. She laughed at herself: "outsiders should laugh if they can't see it", laughed at the disappearance of their youth, laughed at their isolation and loneliness, and laughed at their wasted life. Turgenev said a meaningful sentence in his collection of prose poems: "Some smiles in the world are more tragic than tears. "From the feeling that the old imperial secretary thinks he is funny, we feel deeper sorrow than crying!
At the end of the poem, the poet stood up and sighed with emotion: "People who go to Japan suffer the most", "too much" means "too little and too old", and its "suffering" is endless. Bitter begins with bitter, bitter ends with bitter, and bitter results from bitter fruit, which can be clearly distinguished from the bitter days of Shang Yang's white-haired people. The poet sang "Bitterness" on behalf of the old ladies-in-waiting, which expressed his social ideal of "relieving human diseases and making up for the shortcomings of the times", and also carried the hidden song of "only singing the diseases of strangers, looking to the emperor to know them", letting us know that the poet is compassionate. The poet said: "Don't look at Lv Xiang's past" Beauty Fu "; There is no white-haired song in the sun today. It can be said that his original intention in writing this poem is to satirize the present world, hoping to be heard by the emperor and receive the effect of direct admonition. In the poem "On Beauty", the poet notes: "At the end of Tianbao, there are people who are useful. At that time, they were flower and bird messengers, and Lv Xiang presented "Beauty Fu" to satirize them. " The irony of Bai Juyi's Shang Yang White-haired Man is also obvious.
The whole poem integrates history and reality, closely weaves them, puts the ladies-in-waiting in a specific environment, and combines the inner psychology of the characters to shape the typical image of the protagonist's sadness. Moreover, there are long and short poems, which are catchy to read and have the flavor of folk songs.