is an inherent traditional culture in China. With a preliminary understanding, practice will make perfect and carry it forward.
content of signature format:
all words except the main text can be regarded as signature books. Generally, the inscription can be divided into the previous paragraph and the next paragraph, the previous paragraph (the book is at the upper right of the calligraphy works) and the next paragraph (the book is at the lower left of the calligraphy works), and it can be divided into single paragraph or
double paragraph in writing. A single paragraph refers to the next paragraph, and two paragraphs include the upper and lower paragraphs. The preceding paragraph refers to the inscription on the calligraphy works given to the object
(for example, Zixie Yazheng) or the source of the contents of the calligraphy works (for example, recording a poem by Du Fu), when the age is
(for example, applying for the moon in Jiazi Year, etc.). ）； The next paragraph refers to the calligrapher's ancestral home inscribed on calligraphy works (for example, Yanling,
Taiwan Province, etc. ), name and font size (for example: Tsinghua, Zhao Qin, etc. ), at the age of (for example, applying for the moon in the year of Jiazi < P >, etc. ), age (example: 92 old people or 9 second-class people. ), writing place (for example: Taocheng, Jingxin
Yazhu, etc. ), the title or feeling of the main text of calligraphy works (for example, writing this article to commemorate the greatness of mother
, etc. ), the source of the content of calligraphy works (for example, recording a guest poem by Du Fu), and the interpretation (for example, Oracle Bone Inscriptions,
bronze inscription, big seal script, small seal script, etc. ),, and so on. Those with more words can be called long paragraphs, and those with fewer words can be called short paragraphs, which can be changed and applied according to the whole calligraphy work, but it is not advisable to deviate from the theme of the calligraphy work.
However, there are a few points to be noted. Generally speaking, people who have achieved success in books, are prestigious, or are
old and old, only then will they get the age payment. Personally, I think that when I am 7 years old, I will do what I want, and I will not overstep my bounds. "it is appropriate to have a year
age. Of course, at every stage of life, such as the annual value of 3, 4, 5, etc., it is also < P > ok to leave the age payment.
inscription font
the inscription font must be in harmony with the main text, and several aspects should be paid special attention to.
generally, the inscription font of one of the calligraphy works should not be larger than the main text (except
for inscriptions, letters, official documents, etc.); if it is too large, it will usurp the host's role; if it is too small, it will be stingy, so it is appropriate to be smaller than the main text. The lettering size of the lower case work
is the same as that of the main text. Font size is not absolute, and harmony should be the first priority.
We must also pay attention to whether the font used in the second inscription is appropriate to the main text. Improper collocation leads to the failure of
calligraphy works. Generally, it should be noted that "the style of writing is modern" and "the style of writing is flexible". On the whole,
the use of running script, running cursive script or consistent with the main style is more widely used. If the main text is regular script, it is appropriate to use
regular script, running script, running script, running cursive script, etc. If the main text is running script, it is
appropriate to use running script, running script, etc. If the main text is cursive, it is appropriate to sign in cursive script and cursive script; For example, if the main script is seal script, it is appropriate to use running script, running cursive script < P > and so on. If the main text is official script, it is appropriate to use regular script, running script, running script and cursive script.
of course, it is feasible that the inscription font is the same as the main text. However, in general, when the seal script is signed, the content will be marked with
regular script or running script, so that the viewer can clearly understand the content. After all, some fonts are old and are rarely used in the present
generation, and the average person may be unable to understand the written content.
The number of words in the third inscription is also a key point. The number of words in the inscription is easy to be empty, and the number of words is easy to be real. The inconsistency between real and virtual is easy to cause looseness or crowded. Booksellers can make appropriate adjustments according to the actual space, so that the inscription font is virtual but not scattered, and it is < P > but not crowded.
Its four-stroke font style should be in harmony with the main style. If the main text is correct, but the font of the inscription
is too loose, it will affect the whole work; On the other hand, the main style of writing is extremely relaxed, and if the inscription font is too < P > to be correct, there will be a sense of disharmony. However, if the main text of some works is correct, the lettering is easy and vivid
, but it is not out of line, just like a child's coquetry to his parents, it is also a masterpiece.
inscription position
the inscription position can be based on "intention before payment" or "intention after payment". At first, the
position of the inscription is laid out, but its disadvantage is that the main text is easily influenced and can't be released; The position of the inscription is decided after the main document is written. The disadvantage is that the main document sometimes occupies the whole format, which makes the inscription difficult to play. Therefore, how to decide
depends on the experience of calligraphers, the content of writing at that time, the size of paper, and so on.
however, overall harmony is appropriate.
Ways and methods of calligraphy works
When modern calligraphers create calligraphy works, the inscription metropolis records the writing time, but some modern avant-garde schools
sometimes fail to keep the writing time. Modern calligraphers have adopted the method of AD chronology, such as "Jiao Yijun wrote a book in Zunyi in February, 2
". In addition to the AD chronology, most calligraphers also
use the traditional branch chronology, because traditional calligraphy pays more attention to the chronological method, because it plays an extremely important role in the inscription, and the branch chronology has been used since ancient times.
There are several points that should be noted in the calendar year of the Western Yuan Dynasty. Generally, the calendar year only uses years or months, such as "Jiao Yi's book was quietly built in Zunyi in 24" or "Jiao Yi's book was quietly built in Zunyi in February 24"; Days are less used than
, except for some special anniversaries or special needs, such as "February 8, 24
, Jiao Yijun wrote a book in Zunyi" and so on. However, if we use the year-marking method, we must avoid changing February 8, 24 to February 8, 24, which seems less beautiful in terms of calligraphy works. Traditional inscription
In ancient times and traditional calligraphers generally adopted the method of chronology of cadres and branches, combined with heavenly stems and earthly branches. Heavenly stems are A, < P > B, C, D, E, Ji, G, Xin, Ren, Gui, etc., also known as ten stems. The earthly branches are Zi, Ugly, Yin,
Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, Hai, etc., also called twelve branches. Ten stems and twelve branches can be arranged into sixty groups in sequence, from Jiazi to Guihai representing sixty years, which is generally called Sixty Flowers Jiazi. Such as:
"Flowers and moons in Renwu Year, Jiao Yijun wrote in a quiet and elegant building". Before June, there were also times when "years old" and "years old"
, such as "years old spent the moon in the middle of noon, and Jiao Yijun wrote a book in meditation and elegance".
the lunar calendar is the main season and month. Spring is the month of correction, February and March; Summer refers to April, May and June. Autumn refers to July, August and September; Winter refers to October, November and December. The three months in each season
can be divided into three phases: Meng, Zhong and Ji. Such as autumn; July is called Meng Qiu, August is called Mid Autumn, and September
is called Jiqiu, and so are the other three seasons.
The first month of each season can also be based on early, early, early, new, early, early, early, early, early, early, early, early, early, early, early, early, early, early, early, early, early, early, early, early, early, early, early, early, early, early, early, early, early, early, early and so on. The second month can be based on "middle, positive,
half," and so on, such as: spring half, middle of spring, positive winter, and so on; The third month can be based on late, late, dusk, and
, such as late spring, late autumn, late winter, and so on; The last month of each season, also called Di Yue, comes from the Book of Rites.
March is called spring, June is called summer, September is called autumn and December is called winter.
the elegant names of the month and the day have their origins. Generally speaking, according to the origin, it can be divided into several categories: ancient books, Lunar New Year's Day, folk festivals, literary classics, myths and legends, religious beliefs, and so on.
The following is the arrangement of the names of the days of the month:
January: Meng Chun, Yinyue, Jieyue, Taiju, early spring, new year, end of the month, beginning of the year, Zhaochun and Chu Yang.
February: Midspring, Uzuki, Ruyue, Jiazhong, Huayue, Apricot, Spring Half, Huachao, Yinchun and Chunzhong.
March: Ji Chun, Chenyue, Sick Moon, Guxi, Taoyue, Late Spring, Tongyue, Late Spring, Chunbi and Yuchun.
April: Meng Xia, Mitsuki, Yuyue, Zhonglv, early summer, Maiyue, Huaiyue, Xiashou, Xinxia and Meiyue.
may: midsummer, noon, gaoyue, yubin, puyue, liuyue, xingyue, midsummer, half summer and awn seed.
June: The Last Month Of Summer, the last month, the seventh month, the forest bell, the lotus month, late summer, dusk summer, Liyue, late summer and summer.
July: Meng Qiu, Shen Yue, Xiang Yue, Yi Ze, Guayue, Early Autumn, Tong Qiu, Tong Yue, Lan Yue and Zhao Qiu.
August: Mid-Autumn, Full Moon, Strong Moon, Nanlu, Guiqiu, Gui Yue, Qingqiu, Tuoyue, Mid-Autumn and Zhonglv.
September: Jiqiu, Shouyue, Xuan Yue, Wushe, Juyue, Late Autumn, Cool Autumn, Banshang, Late Autumn and Late Autumn.
October: Meng Dong, Hai Yue, Yang Yue, Ying Zhong, Early Winter, Early Winter, First Winter, Beginning Winter, Beginning Winter and New Winter.
November: Midwinter, Ziyue, Guyue, Huangzhong, Frosty Moon, Cold Moon, Good Moon, Normal Winter and Smooth Moon.
December: Jidong, Ugly Moon, Tuyue, Dalu, Twelfth Moon, Dusty Winter, Plum Moon, Old Age and Old Age.
1st to 1th of every month: early days, Shanghai, Shanghai and Shanghai
11th to 2th of every month: mid-day, China, China and Shanghai
21st to 3th of every month: late days, next day, next day, next day, next day, next day
. 15th of each month: hope; Last day of each month: dark
Others: New Year's Day (January 1st), Lantern Festival (January 15th), Dragon Boat Festival (May 5th), Zhongyuan
(July 15th), Mid-Autumn Festival (August 15th), Qingming Festival, Winter Solstice, Qixi Festival, Chongyang Festival, New Year's Eve and so on.
Twenty-four solar terms: beginning of spring, Rain, Creeping, Vernal Equinox, Qingming, Grain Rain, long summer, Xiaoman, Mangzhong, Summer
to, Xiaoshu, Dashu, beginning of autumn, Chushu, Bailu, Autumn Equinox, Cold Dew, first frost, beginning of winter, Xiaoxue, Daxie, Winter Solstice.
Inscription terms
The preceding paragraph: elegance, elegance, teaching, appreciation, learning, correctness, giving, refinement, saving, playing,
and so on.
the next paragraph: respect for books, presentation, topic, book, festival presentation, learning books, trying to write a pen, writing a topic, writing a clumsy book, etc.
Bell seal
"Generally, painters and calligraphers have some seals for their own use, such as name seal, Zhai Guan seal, other name seal, Richter scale seal, poetry seal, auspicious language seal or announcement seal. If these seals are not used properly, they will not only add color to calligraphy and painting, but also lead to jokes, so they should not be used carelessly.
The ancients used seals with statutes. All the letters written by the younger generation or subordinates to the elders were printed with their names, and the words were printed when the peers crossed. Only the elders and the younger generation could use the Taoist numbers. For poetry, calligraphy and painting, if only one seal is used, the name is printed; If two seals are used, the name is printed on the top and the word is printed on the bottom; With three or four seals, the name is printed first, the word is printed second, the road number is printed third, and the restaurant is printed fourth. Because the name comes first, then the word, number and restaurant, it can't be inverted one after another.
when printing, if two sides are used, in ancient times, Bai Wen and Bai Wen were used together, Zhu Wen and Zhu Wen were used together, and in modern times, Zhu Bai Wen was used together. Generally, Bai Wen was printed on the top and Zhu Wen was printed on the bottom, which is a seal. When printing in a frame, it is especially necessary to pay attention to the distance and height of printing. For example, when writing a seven-character couplet, the bottom couplet should be between the third word and the fourth word, and the printing should depend on the size of the paragraph. If the printing is one inch, when printing on both sides, the distance between the two sides should be about one inch, and it is not elegant to be too far or too close. If you write a single frame, the signature must be at the lower left of the main text, but not too far below. Otherwise, it will be impossible to cover the seal even if it is flush with the main text. Even if there is a blank of the seal, it will be inappropriate to cover it with the seal. The inscription of calligraphy and painting is of course important, but the seal depends on the level of the money. If the inscription is careless and too low, you can put the seal on the left side of the name, so that the brilliant red color is set in the dark, and you can turn the vulgar into elegant.
the size of the seal is always smaller than the font, and if it is larger than the font, it tends to usurp the host's role; There are also two small seals engraved with beads, with a distance between them and the body connected. If the font is inverted, it can be used for fan-shaped and small-sized calligraphy and painting. Although there is no definite law on this matter, you can understand it by reading more ancient paintings and calligraphy.
most of the leisure chapters used in calligraphy and painting are poetry seals and museum seals, which are square, long and natural, long or oval and natural, and can be used as "introduction chapters". The so-called introduction is used at the beginning of a book page or between the first word or the first word or the second word of an inscription, depending on the length of the amplitude and the size of the seal, but it is always at the beginning. Poetry seal, Zhai Guan seal, Ji Yu seal and even Xiao Xing seal, whether square, round or natural, can be used in the lower right corner of the book and the lower left corner of the painting, which is called "corner seal". The corner of the pawn must have a blank space in the corner of the painting and calligraphy, lined with a red seal to make it more vivid, but the position of the cover should not be too low, which will make it feel cramped. It should be at a proper distance from the corner of the painting and calligraphy, depending on the size of the print and the size of the painting and calligraphy. Individual appreciation seal is a kind of art; The seal with calligraphy and painting is another profound feeling. The contrast of colors and the arrangement of space are brewing meaningful and sensible beauty, so "seal cutting" has raised the level of aesthetic feeling to a higher level.
Since the Song Dynasty, a few painters in Chinese painting have made inscriptions or seals on the inconspicuous corners of the picture.
When literati painting was popular in the Yuan Dynasty, literati intentionally showed their calligraphy skills and articles, so they added relevant inscriptions or poems after the inscription, and wrote them in a quite obvious position on the picture, thus forming a new combination relationship with painting. And the artist's seal, also began to become a routine from this time, in addition to poetry, painting and calligraphy, but also into the seal art, so that China's painting contains more artistry.
The seals on paintings and calligraphy works can be divided into the first chapter, the corner seal, the name seal, the riding seal and the collection and appreciation seal, each of which has its own department, and its unique functions are described as follows:
The shapes and types of seals for paintings and calligraphy, and the name seal: square seal and circular seal. Leisure seal: long seal, oval seal and natural seal.
Introduction
1. Usage: long seal, oval seal and natural seal. A seal affixed to a work by a bell.
2. Content: Zhai's name, native place, Kyrgyz motto and Xiao Xing.
corner stamp
1. Use: use a smaller leisure stamp for books, use a larger square stamp for paintings, and stamp it on the lower part of the work or the stamp for payment.
2. Content: poems, aphorisms and fasting names.
name stamp
1. Use: square seal, circular seal.
2. content: name, word seal, road number seal and fasting name.
collection seal (identification seal)
1. seal used for appreciation of calligraphy and painting.
2. XXX collection, XXX secret, XXX reading, XXX appreciation, etc.
3. The emperor only used the year number, such as Song Huizong used the Grand View.
others
1. Seal of the lent house: take another name of the lent house in your place of residence as your own exclusive space. Carving the name of the lent house into the seal is called "lent house seal". "Seal of the Zhai Pavilion" began in the Tang Dynasty (618-97 BC) when Li Mi printed "End Room". Later, scholars in the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties used it widely, such as Baojinzhai in Mi Fei and Songxuezhai in Zhao Mengfu.
2. Seal of courtiers and concubines: In ancient times, courtiers were men and courtiers were women.
3. alternate printing of Zhu baiwen: half of Zhu baiwen is printed.
4. Xiao-shaped seals: pictographic seals, such as hunting, Niu Geng, singing and dancing, drums and animals.
5. Siling Seal: Four images of dragon, tiger, phoenix and turtle (namely, black dragon, White Tiger, Suzaku and Xuanwu) are used as the exterior decoration of the text.
6. Jiyu Seal: Jiyu Seal was used for martyrdom during the Warring States Period, which was the first of its kind.
7. Flower printing: it was found in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, and the name was painted as a symbol instead of words.
Although there are general rules for stamping, some collectors like to stamp ancient paintings, indicating that this painting belongs to me, especially Qianlong, who has been stamped by him in many paintings in the Forbidden City.