The idiom 1 is a blockbuster.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu Zhuangwang was in office for three years, hunting during the day and drinking at night, and did not care about state affairs. Knowing that the ministers were not satisfied with him, he gave an order: "Whoever dares to remonstrate will be sentenced to death!" "
A minister named Wu Ju said to King Zhuang, "I have a mystery for your king to guess." King Zhuang said, "Go." Wu Ju said, "There was a big bird in the State of Chu, wearing colorful clothes, but it stopped flying and barking for three years. What kind of bird is this? "
Chu Zhuangwang said, "This is not an ordinary bird. This bird can fly. It can soar. It would be amazing if it didn't sing. You go, I already understand. "
From that day on, Chu Zhuangwang cheered up and managed the country seriously, and Chu gradually became stronger. Finally, this blockbuster Chu Zhuangwang became the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period.
Idiom allusions Two or three people make a tiger.
During the Warring States period, when attacking each other, in order to make everyone really keep their promises, countries usually gave their princes to each other as hostages. "Warring States Policy, Wei Ce" has such a record:
Pang Cong, minister of Wei, will accompany Wang Wei to Zhao as a hostage. Before he left, he said to Wang Wei: Now someone says there are tigers in the market. Can you trust him?
Wei Wangdao: I don't believe it.
Pang Cong said: If a second person says there are tigers in the market, can your majesty believe it?
Wei Wangdao: I'm a little skeptical.
Pang Cong added: If a third person said there were tigers in the market, would your majesty believe it?
Wei Wangdao: Of course I believe it.
Pang Cong said: There will be no tigers in the market, which is obvious, but after three people said it, it seems that there really are tigers. Now Handan, the capital of Zhao, is far away from the capital of Wei, much farther than the market here, and there are more than three people who say that I am. I hope your majesty can see it clearly.
Wei Wangdao: I know everything myself.
Pang Cong accompanied the prince back to China, but Wang Wei didn't summon him again.
Cities are places where population is concentrated. Of course there will be no tigers. It is obviously a rumor and deception to say that there are tigers in the market, but many people will often believe it if they don't look at the problem from the truth.
Idiom allusion 3 Zhuang Zhou Meng Die
Zhuang Zhou, a philosopher in the Warring States period, advocated that right and wrong should be unified and things should be forgotten. There is a fable in Zhuangzi that illustrates this truth: Zhuang Zhou dreamed that he became a butterfly, dancing and enjoying himself. When I woke up, I was still Zhuang Zhou. So, I don't know whether Zhuang Zhou became a butterfly or a butterfly became Zhuang Zhou.
Later generations used the metaphor of "Zhuang Zhou Meng Die" to describe life as a dream, which is difficult to verify.
Tang Li Shangyin's famous piece "Jinse" says: "Why does my Jinse have fifty strings, each of which is like a flower, separated by youth? Zhuangzi daydreaming, a saint, was bewitched by butterflies, and cuckoo crowed in the imperial spring. Mermaids shed pearl-like tears on the moon-green sea, and the blue fields breathed their jade to the sun. A moment that should last forever has come and gone before I know it. " This code is used in this poem.
Idiom allusions 4 judge a person by his appearance
Confucius had many disciples, one of whom was Zaiyu, who was eloquent. At first, he had a good impression on Confucius, and then he gradually revealed the truth: he was neither kind nor very lazy; Don't read and listen in broad daylight, but sleep in bed. To this end, Confucius called him "a rotten wood cannot be carved."
Another disciple of Confucius, Lian Lian, a native of Shandong, is thirty-nine years younger than Confucius. Yu Zi's figure and appearance are ugly. She wants to serve Confucius. Confucius began to think that he had low qualifications and would not succeed. However, after studying under a famous teacher, he returned with great concentration to cultivate himself, doing things aboveboard and not taking evil paths; Never go to the doctor for business. Later, Yu Zi came to the Yangtze River with 300 disciples. His reputation is very high, and his name is recited by various vassal States.
When Confucius heard about this, he said with emotion: "I only judge people's quality and ability by words, and as a result, my judgment on Zaiyu is wrong;" I only judge people's quality and ability by their appearance, and as a result, I was wrong about feathers again. "
Idiom allusions 5 urban foxes and mice
The idiom "city fox rat" refers to a bad person who relies on the strength of others to do evil.
This idiom comes from the Book of Jin. Xie rolled around and said to him, "Honesty is the beginning of disaster, and the city foxes and rats are also."
There was a left general named Wang Dun in the Jin Dynasty, and his chief historian was Xie Juan. They often talk about things in court together. One day, Wang Dun said to Xie Bao, "Liu Kun is a wicked man who does many evils and endangers the country. I want to drive this wicked man away from the king and let him serve the court. Do you think so? "
Xie Kun thought for a moment, shook his head and said, "Impossible, Liu Kun is really a bad man, but he is also a city fox and mouse! If you want to dig a fox, I'm afraid you will break the wall; Rats should be smoked with fire, or drowned with water, for fear of destroying shrines and temples. Now this Liu Kun is like a fox in the city and a mouse in a social temple. He is a trusted minister around the king and has considerable influence. I'm afraid it's not easy to get rid of the king with his backing. "
Wang Dun listened to Xie Lola, although unhappy, but also had to forget about it.
Idiom allusions 6 urgent matters
On one occasion, Mencius' disciple asked, Now, there are many things to do, so what should we do first? Mencius replied: "A wise man knows everything, but he should know the most urgent thing to do at present, not everything. For example, people love benevolence, but they should love their relatives first, and the sages first. Another example is the ancient sage Yao Shun, who can't know everything so far, because they must be eager to take care of the most important things in front of them.
The benevolence of Yao and Shun does not love everyone, because they are eager to love their relatives and sages. "Then, Mencius answered this question from the opposite side:" When parents died, they didn't pay attention to mourning for three years, but they paid great attention to the etiquette of mourning for three or five months; It is impolite to eat and drink soup in front of the old people, but talk about why you can't bite the meat with your teeth and so on. This is to give up the foundation and not know what you need to know and do most at present. "
Idiom allusion 7 Gong Li's sworn enemy
In the first month of the mid-Tang Dynasty, many ministers gathered at the pool in Kunming to write poems for selection. Zhao Rong, a talented woman, was ordered by the emperor to choose a poem as an imperial song. Hundreds of poems were quickly sent to Shangguan Zhao Rong's eyes, and she finished reading them quickly. The other two are works by Song and Shen Quanqi. Shangguan Zhao Rong continued to ponder for a while, then dropped Shen Quanqi's works. Everyone scrambled to read Shen Quanqi's manuscript, only to see Shangguan Zhao Rong write such a comment on it: two poems are good for the enemy.
Shen Quanqi's poem was defeated because of these two sentences: I am a poor minister, and I am ashamed to see it. Shangguan read Song's poems to everyone. The last two sentences are: don't worry about the bright moon, you will have your own night beads. Shen Quanqi-Understand why his poems failed at will, because Song's whole poems are full of vitality, but his poems have no momentum in the end.
Idiom allusions 8 stick to the rules
During the Warring States Period, once, the State of Chu wanted to attack the State of Song, and Lu Ban specially designed and manufactured a ladder for Chu to attack the city. Mozi was in Qi at that time. After he got the news, he hurried to Chu to dissuade him. He walked for ten days and nights. When he reached Du Ying in Chu, he immediately found Lu Ban and went to see the king of Chu. Mozi tried to persuade the king of Chu and Lu Ban not to attack the State of Song. The king of Chu finally agreed, but they were reluctant to give up the newly built siege equipment and wanted to try its power in actual combat. Mozi said: well, let's try it on the spot.
As he spoke, he took off his clothes, surrounded the city wall, used sawdust as a weapon, and let Lu Ban and he perform on behalf of the offensive and defensive troops respectively. Luban attacked the city many times in different ways and was blocked by Mozi many times. Luban's siege equipment has been exhausted, and Mozi's strategy of guarding the city is more than enough. Ruban refused to give up and said, I have a way to deal with you, but I won't say anything.
Mozi said: I know what you are going to do to me, but I won't say anything. The king of Chu didn't understand and asked what it meant. Mozi said: The loser wants to kill me. He thought that if he killed me, no one would help Song Shoucheng. How did he know that about 300 of my disciples were already there waiting for you to attack? The king of Chu sighed and said helplessly, well, we will cancel the plan to attack the state of Song. At this time, Mozi left the king of Chu with a triumphant smile.
Idiom allusions 9 Cattle fighting under the bed
Yin Zhongkan, who was also the satrap of Jinling, was forbidden to have children and was not buried in the county for a long time. He took the parents of the fugitives hostage and ordered the rebels to return. The sentence he made is very reasonable. Yin Zhongkan's father was ill for many years, and Yin Zhongkan slept in his clothes. He personally studied medical skills and its subtlety, and his hands were stained with medicine to wipe his tears, so he lost an eye. Excessive grief during the mourning period is extremely harmful to the body and is known for its filial piety. At the end of the funeral, Emperor Xiao of Jin called the prince an illegitimate child, and they had a close relationship.
Yin Zhongkan's father used to suffer from hearing allergy. He heard ants crawling under the bed and said it was a fight between cows. Emperor Xiao Wu has heard about it for a long time, and I don't know who this person is. At this time, Emperor Xiaowu casually asked Yin Zhongkan: "Who got this strange disease?" Yin Zhongkan burst into tears and said, "I don't know how to answer this question." Emperor Xiaowu was ashamed. Yin Zhongkan also served as assistant minister of Huangmen, and Emperor Xiao became more and more fond of and trusted him. Emperor Xiaowu once showed his poems to Yin Zhongkan and said, "Don't laugh at my incompetence just because you are talented."
Emperor Xiaowu thought that Wang Sima Daozi of Huiji was not a minister to assist the country, so he decided to promote his favorite person to defend the court, and appointed Yin Zhongkan as Commander-in-Chief of Jing Yining, General Wei Zhen, Jingzhou secretariat, and Jiangling on holiday. When Yin Zhongkan was about to take office, Emperor Xiaowu wrote a letter saying, "It's very sad that you have been away from the capital for a long time. It is often said that Qing Yong is the treasure of the imperial court, and suddenly it has become the treasure of Jingchu. Really sorry! " Liang Wudi's filial piety is so cherished that he is close to Yin Zhongkan.
Idiom allusion 10 Carving a boat for a sword
The idiom "carving a boat for a sword" is a boat; Seek truth from facts, mark the boat where the sword fell into the water, and then look for the sword. Used to satirize stupid and ridiculous behavior that is stubborn and does not know how to change.
This idiom comes from Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals. In Chajin, a man of the Chu people waded into the river, and his sword fell from the boat into the water. He said to his boat, "I dropped my sword." The ship stopped at the destination, and the Chu people jumped into the water from the marked place to find the sword.
During the Warring States Period, a Chu man crossed the river by boat. When the boat reached the middle of the river, he accidentally dropped a sword he was carrying into the river. He hurried to catch it, it was too late.
The people on board felt very sorry for this, but the Chu people seemed to have planned it long ago. He immediately took out a knife, carved a mark on the ship's side, and said to everyone, "This is where my sword fell into the water, so I want to carve a mark."
Everyone didn't understand why he did it, and they stopped asking him.
After the ship landed, the Chu people immediately launched in the marked place on the ship to catch the fallen sword. After fishing for a long time, there was no sign of the sword. He felt very strange and said to himself, "Isn't this where my sword fell?" I carved a mark here. How can you not find it? "
At this time, the people on the boat smiled and said, "The boat has been moving, but your sword has sunk to the bottom of the water. How can you find your sword? "
In fact, after the sword fell into the river, the ship continued to drive, but the sword would not move again. It's ridiculous to find a sword like him.
The author of Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals also commented on this story after writing it. People who "carve a boat for a sword" are "stupid and ridiculous"!
Idiom allusion 1 1 renege (chūr f m 4něr).
Joel: You. Reverse: same as "return"; Come back. On the contrary: it means that others will treat you as you treat them. The original refers to how you deal with others; How people will treat you. Now means to say or do something and then go back on our word. Metaphor is self-contradictory, capricious and doesn't count.
Mencius, Hui Liang and Wang Xia: "People who are not in your way are also people who are against you."
During the Warring States Period, one year, a war broke out between Zou and Lu. Zou Guo was defeated and killed many soldiers. Zou Mugong was very unhappy and asked Mencius, "In this war, 33 officials under my command were killed, but none of the people worked hard for them. It is very hateful for them to see the first mate killed instead of saving him. " If you kill these people, they are too many to kill; If you don't kill it, it will be very hateful. What do you suggest? "
Mencius replied: "I remember that there was a famine one year. The old and weak people starved to death in the ravine wilderness. Thousands of mature people went out to escape from the famine, and the king's granary was still full and the state treasury was sufficient. The official in charge of money and grain didn't report this serious disaster to you. They are high above, do not care about the sufferings of the people and endanger the people. "
After reviewing this painful history, Mencius went on to say, "Do you remember what Ceng Zi, a disciple of Confucius, said? He said, be alert! Treat others as you treat others. Now that the people have the opportunity to retaliate, they must treat those officers in the same way. " Mencius finally told Zou Mugong, "So, Your Majesty, don't blame them, but punish them. If benevolent government is implemented, your people will love their officers and be willing to give their lives for them. "
Idiom allusions 12 idioms: the teaching of three movements
Pinyin: s ā n qi ā n zh and Ji ao
Explanation: It is a metaphor to choose a suitable living environment to educate children.
Idiom story:
Mencius Mink was a famous thinker and educator during the Warring States Period in China. He lost his father at the age of 3 and was raised by his mother. Meng Mu is a well-educated woman. In order to cultivate her son into a useful person, she attaches great importance to his education.
There is a cemetery near Meng's home, and the funeral procession often passes by his door. Therefore, Mencius often imitated the cries of trumpeters and women in the ranks, and from time to time went to the cemetery to play the trick of burying the dead, digging a hole in the ground and burying dead wood or rotten grass as the dead. Meng Mu was very angry with his son for playing like this. He thought it was not promising and was not conducive to his study, so he moved his family to the city.
There is no cemetery in the city, and Mencius no longer has the environment to play the game of burying the dead. Therefore, Meng Mu asked his son reading of the analects of confucius to act like Confucius. At first, Mencius was able to calm down and study, but after a long time, his mind could not be settled. It turns out that his home is in a bustling city, and there are constant cries of selling while the iron is hot and killing pigs all day long. Look, he can't learn anymore. Then, he played a business game with his friends. Meng Mu found it really difficult to concentrate on his studies when he lived in this place, so he moved to the opposite of Gong Xue in the east of the city.
The environment in Gong Xue is very different. Books are often loud and have a reading atmosphere. Mencius really settled down to study. Sometimes, he will go to Gong Xue to see how students read books and practice etiquette with teachers (that is, the etiquette of offering sacrifices and worshipping gods handed down from the Zhou Dynasty). When he came home, his competitors imitated it.
One day, Meng Mu found his son kowtowing and bowing, thinking that he was playing the trick of burying the dead again, and could not help but keep a straight face. Hearing his son say that he was practicing, he immediately beamed. Soon, she sent Mencius to Gong Xue to study the Book of Songs and the Book of History systematically, and made rapid progress. We'll talk about it later. Mencius finally became a famous Confucian after Confucius.
The idiom 13 Gua Tian Li Xia means that a gentleman should take the initiative to stay away from some controversial people and things and avoid unnecessary suspicion. It also refers to places that are easy to arouse suspicion. From the Three Kingdoms Cao Zhi's A Gentleman's Journey: "A gentleman is prepared for a rainy day and is not suspected. Gua Tian does not accept shoes, and Li Xia does not crown. " In the Tang Dynasty, Liu Gongquan, a great calligrapher, was honest and eloquent, and his official position was assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry. At that time, an official named Wang sent his two daughters to the palace, so the emperor sent him to work in Ning, and people talked about it one after another.
The emperor asked Liu Gongquan about it: "Guo Ning is the stepfather of the Empress Dowager, and he is a general. He hasn't made any mistakes since he became an official. Now, what's wrong with making him the first mate in this small place? "
Liu Gongquan said: "Everyone who talks about this matter thinks that Guo Ning got this position because he gave his two daughters to the palace."
Tang Wenzong said: "Guo Ning's two daughters went to the palace to accompany the Queen Mother, not me."
Liu Gongquan replied: "How can the people distinguish Li's suspicion?"
"Gua Tian Li Xia" originated from the poem "Gua Tian doesn't accept shoes, Li Xia doesn't have a crown" in the ancient Yuefu "A Gentleman's Journey". Here Liu Gongquan is a metaphor for the emperor's practice, which is easy to arouse suspicion.
After passing through Gua Tian, don't bend down to lift your shoes, lest people think you pick melons; Don't raise your hand to tidy your hat when walking under plum trees, lest people think you pick plums. Metaphor is easy to cause suspicion and misunderstanding, and it is difficult to argue. The ancients emphasized that gentlemen should pay attention to their manners, in addition, they should take the initiative to avoid suspicion, stay away from some controversial people and things, and not do things that make people misunderstand.
Analysis of Idioms in Idiom Allusions 14
[Interpretation] Trend: Trend; Cater to. Inflammation: heat. Flatter and cling to powerful people.
[Language] Song Chenshan's New Theory of Ammonium Tick: "Gai is eager to go with the flow; Since ancient times. "
[Pronunciation] Potential; It can't be pronounced "si".
[Shape discrimination] trend; Can't write "drive".
The meaning of a song is like an ant attached to it.
Be upright, be upright.
[Usage] Used as a derogatory term. Generally used as predicate, object and attribute.
[Structure] Combined type.
[Discrimination] ~ Different from "like an ant attached to a bone": ~ straightforward; Can be used for a group of people; Can also be used for individuals; "Like an ant attached to a bone" is figurative; Only applies to a group of people.
Idioms and allusions that follow suit
When Li Chui, a native of Liaocheng, was a scholar, he served as a writer and curator.
Li Chui was very talented and upright, and he was very disgusted with the flattery of officialdom at that time, so he was not reused.
At that time, Ding Wei, the prime minister of the Song Dynasty, won the favor of Zhenzong by flattery. He plays politics and monopolizes state affairs. Many people who want to be promoted can't stop praising him. Some people don't understand why Li Chui can't stay in the Song Dynasty in Ding Wei, and ask him why he has never visited the Song Dynasty in Ding Wei.
Li Chui said: "As a prime minister, Ding Wei not only acted unfairly, but also bullied others, failing to live up to the trust of the imperial court and the expectations of the people. Why should I visit such a person? "
This incident later spread to Ding Wei Song Dynasty, and Ding Wei Song Dynasty was very angry, so he blew Li off to other places to be an official.
After Song Renzong ascended the throne, Ding Wei fell in the Song Dynasty, but Li Chui was recalled to Kyoto. A friend who cares about him said to him, "Some ministers in the imperial court know that you have only studied and want to recommend you to be an official (for example, drafting an imperial edict for the emperor). However, the Prime Minister doesn't know you yet. Why don't you go and see him? "
Li Chui calmly replied, "If I had visited Ding Wei, then prime minister of the Song Dynasty, 30 years ago, I might have become a bachelor of Hanlin. Now that I am old, I often accuse some ministers of being unfair. How can we follow the eyes of others in exchange for their recommendation and support? "
His words reached the ears of the Prime Minister again. As a result, he was once again excluded from Kyoto and became a state official from other places.
Idiom allusions 15 BC 14 1 year, Liu Che ascended the throne, known as Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. In his second year in power, he issued an imperial edict ordering court ministers, local governors and county governors to recommend literary sages. Shortly after the promulgation of the imperial edict, more than 100 talented people were sent from all over the country. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered each of them to write an article on how to govern the country. One of the articles called Dong Zhongshu is very well written. Emperor Wu personally summoned him twice and asked him many questions. After Dong Zhongshu's defense, he submitted two more articles, which was very satisfactory to Emperor Wu.
Dong Zhongshu's three articles are all about the relationship between heaven and man, so they are collectively called "Three Strategies for Heaven and Man" and "Good Strategies". Among them, the theory advocated is called "the unity of man and nature". This theory deified feudal rule, especially the emperor's power: whoever opposes the emperor is against heaven and Tao.
In order to implement this theory, Dong Zhongshu put forward three suggestions in "Three Strategies for Heaven and Man": First, one hundred schools of thought should be banned as heresies, and Confucius should be respected alone to achieve political unity through cultural rule. This is the so-called "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone". The second is to set up the highest institution of learning to teach Confucian classics. The third is to recruit talents from all over the world and let them serve the court faithfully.
Dong Zhongshu's thought of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" is very consistent with Emperor Wu's thought of unifying the whole country. After he took office, he set up a doctor of the Five Classics to teach Confucianism and taught fifty disciples the Five Classics, such as poetry, calligraphy, the Book of Changes and the Spring and Autumn Period. These disciples take the exam once a year, and once they pass it, they can be officials, and those with good grades can be big officials. Later, the number of doctoral students continued to increase, reaching 3000 at most.
During the reign of Xuan Di and Liu Xun, Confucianism became the orthodox ideology to maintain feudal rule, and Confucianism became more popular. Liu Xun personally invited the famous Five Classics scholar to teach the Prince, but because the Confucian scholars at that time had different understandings of the Five Classics, they decided to hold a discussion.
In 5 1 A.D., a large-scale discussion was held in Shiqu Pavilion, Royal Library and Lecture Hall, presided over by Xiao. In the process of discussion, Confucian scholars regard people with the same views as peers and correct each other; For people with different views, attack. Therefore, when commenting on this phenomenon, the author of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty called it "competing with the same party for differences", that is, correcting the contractual party's attack on dissidents.
-"The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Preface to the Party"
Idiom allusion 16 idiom: it's a storm in the city.
Pinyin: Pei
Explanation: It's windy and rainy everywhere in the city. The original description of the rain scene before the Double Ninth Festival. After the metaphor, an event was widely spread and there were many discussions around.
Idiom story:
Pan Dalin of Huangzhou is good at writing poems and often has good sentences. Xie Wuyi wrote to ask him if he had any poems recently. He wrote back in autumn scenery, and every sentence was a good one. He just wrote a good poem yesterday: "The storm in the city is near Chongyang". Suddenly the renter came, the poem disappeared, only one sentence.
Idiom Allusions 17 Idiom Name: Li Jiang
Idiom pinyin
Usage of idioms: as object and attribute; Mostly used in figurative sentences.
Practicality: common use
Emotional color: neutral words
Idiom structure: subject-predicate type
Idiom era: ancient times
Interpretation of idioms: Stiff: Death. The plum tree died, not the peach tree. The original metaphor is that brothers share joys and sorrows. The latter metaphor is suffering from this generation or that generation.
The origin of the idiom: The Poems of Yuefu, Chicken Singing by Guo Maoqian in the Southern Song Dynasty: "Peach grows on the well, plum trees are beside the peach, insects come to gnaw at the root of the peach, and plum trees replace the peach. Trees are generations, and brothers still remember them! "
Idiom: Guo Moruo's "Outside the Set, Starting from the Typical": "Even the author's name is changed at will, and Li is stiff and steals the column."
The Idiom Story of "Peach Beauty" in Li Period
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Tu'an Gu, a traitor in the State of Jin, encouraged the Duke of Jin to destroy the Zhao family who had worked in the State of Jin. Tu'an Gu led 3000 people to surround the Zhao family and killed all the Zhao family. Fortunately, Princess Zhuang Ji, Zhao Shuo's wife, has been secretly sent to the palace. When Tu'an Gu heard the news, he wanted to kill the princess. Gong Jing, for mutual affection, refused to kill the princess. The princess is pregnant. When Tu'an Gu saw that Gong Jing didn't kill her, he decided to kill her and prepare to kill the baby. The princess gave birth to a baby boy, and Tu'an Gu personally took people into the palace to look for it. The princess hid the baby in her pants and escaped the search. Tu'an Gu estimated that the baby had been smuggled out of the official, and immediately offered a reward for its capture.