2. Zhuangzi (about 369-286 BC), Zhuang's, Zhou's, Zi Xiu (once said), was a descendant of Mongolian in Song Dynasty. Civil rights figures in Shangqiu, Henan Province. In view of Zhuangzi's important contribution in the history of China's literature and thought, feudal emperors paid special attention to it. In the 25th year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty, Zhuangzi was named "South China Real Person", and later called "South China Real Person". The book Zhuangzi was also called "South China Zhen Jing". His articles are full of romanticism and have a great influence on later literature. During the Warring States Period, Song Guo Meng (now from Mengcheng, Bozhou, Anhui Province, and Minquan County, Northeast of Shangqiu City, Henan Province) was a painter. Living in poverty, but despising wealth, power, fame and fortune, trying to maintain an independent personality in troubled times and pursue carefree spiritual freedom. A famous thinker, philosopher and writer in the Warring States period, a representative of the Taoist school, an inheritor and developer of Laozi's philosophy, and the founder of the Zhuangzi school in the pre-Qin period. His theory covered all aspects of social life at that time, but the fundamental spirit still belonged to Laozi's philosophy. Later generations called him and Laozi "Laozi", and their philosophy was "Laozi's philosophy".
His thought contains simple dialectical factors. The main idea is "Heaven does nothing", and everything changes. He thinks "Tao" is "the land of nature". From "Tao begins with sealing", Zhuangzi mainly thinks that nature is better than man-made, and great uselessness is useful, just like "an ugly tree is considered useless. A carpenter wanted to find a tree as a beam, but it was too curved. The second carpenter found a tree to grind, but it was ugly and there was nothing he could do. The third carpenter wanted to make wheels, but the tree didn't grow well and was useless in some ways. But in Zhuangzi's view, uselessness means usefulness, and great uselessness means great achievements. Therefore, what Zhuangzi advocates is the useless spirit (that is, the "Tao" has no boundary), which belongs to the subjective idealism system. " "Tao" is also the foundation and highest category of his philosophy. Even the concept of the origin and essence of the world is the realm of people's understanding. Advocate "inaction" and give up everything. He also believes that everything is relative, so he denies the essential difference of everything, tries his best to deny reality, and fantasizes about a subjective spiritual realm of "heaven and earth coexist with me, and everything and I are one" (the theory of everything), which has turned to relativism and fatalism. Politically, it advocates "governing by doing nothing", opposes all social systems and abandons all cultural knowledge.
Zhuangzi's articles are rich in imagination, changeable in style, full of romanticism, humorous and satirical in the form of fables, which have a great influence on the literary language of later generations. Its extraordinary imagination and unpredictable fables constitute Zhuangzi's unique and peculiar image world. "Beyond the dust, strange things happen." (Liu Xizai's A Brief Introduction to Art and Literature) Zhuang Zhou, his disciples and later scholars wrote Zhuangzi, one of the Taoist classics (regarded as a southern classic by Taoism). There are 52 Zhuangzi articles recorded in the Records of Han Shu Literature and Art, and only 33 exist. Among them, there are seven chapters, which are generally designated as Zhuangzi; Foreign essays may be mixed with his disciples and later Taoist works.
Zhuangzi is of great philosophical and literary research value. To study China's philosophy, we must read Zhuangzi. You can't study China literature without reading Zhuangzi. Mr. Lu Xun once said, "His writing style is Wang Yang's, and his manners are all square. The works of the late Zhou philosophers should not be the first. " Famous articles (Outline of the History of Chinese Literature) include Free Travel, Theory of Everything, Master of Health, etc. And "My Clever Understanding of Cattle" in "Master of Health" is especially popular in later generations.