Li Bai's first marriage partner was the Xu family, a descendant of Anlu Xu Yushi, the prime minister of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty. This point is consistent with the "Preface to the Collected Works of Li Hanlin" written by Wei Hao of the Tang Dynasty and the "Preface to the Collected Works of Li Taibai" written by Zeng Gong of the Northern Song Dynasty. Li Bai himself also said in "Historical Book of Pei Chang of Shang'an Prefecture": "When I was young, I recited Liujia when I was five years old, and when I was ten years old, I observed hundreds of schools. I have been very familiar with it since Xuanyuan. I often read and write classics and books, and I am tireless in making them. Up to now In the spring of the 30th year... I went to the country with my sword, said goodbye to my relatives, and traveled far to the south, to the poor Cangwu, and to the east to cross the Minghai Sea. Then he came to visit Yan. When Xuxiangong's family saw the move, his wife and his granddaughter stayed here until they moved to Sanshuang Yan. "There is no doubt about this in ancient times. The problematic aspect is the children born to this Xu family. Wei Hao's "Preface to the Collection of Li Hanlin" says that "Bai Shi married Xu and gave birth to a girl and a boy. They were called Mingyue Nu, and the girl died after getting married." In this regard, Guo Moruo's "Li Bai and Du Fu" (People's Literature Publishing House, 1971 edition) raised objections: Wei Hao's preface contains many errors and is difficult to read. ... It is said that the Xu family "gave birth to a girl and a boy", but then only the name "Ming Yue Slave" was marked. "Ming Yue Nu" is obviously a girl's nickname, not like a boy's name. Therefore, the word "一男" was added by later generations. The publication may call it "two men", which is even more ridiculous. Except for the word "a man", that is, "Bai Shi married Xu and gave birth to a daughter, named Mingyue Nu", there is no problem with the text. I am dumbfounded by such arrogant, arrogant and unreasonable arguments. Guo Moruo's statement has already committed a fatal fallacy from the starting point. The reasons are as follows: First, "Nu" in "Mingyue Nu" is not so much a "daughter's nickname" as a nickname, but it is inherited from the tradition of the Six Dynasties. The small characters of the coming man can better show its characteristics. The small characters of Wang Shao of the Eastern Jin Dynasty are "Da Nu", Xie Shi's small characters are "Shi Nu", Jiang Qixun's small characters are "Lu Nu", Huan Si's small characters are "Leopard Nu", Sun Teng's small characters are "Monk Nu", and Zhou Mo's small characters are " "Anu", Tao Luo's diminutive "Hunu", Ran Wei and Shi Min's diminutive "Jinnu" (above "Shishuoxinyu" and "Book of Jin"), Song Dynasty Emperor Liu Yu's diminutive "Jinnu" ( "The Book of the Song Dynasty: The First Chronicle of Emperor Wu"), Chen Houshu Shubao's small character "Huang Nu" ("Chen Shu·Hou Zhuji"), Tang Gaozong Li Zhi's small character "Pheasant Nu" ("The Book of the Tang Dynasty·Taizong Zhuzi Pu Wangtai") "Biography"), Ruyang Wang Li's small character "Hua Nu" ("Jiegu Lu"), etc. are all examples. Second, what is the reason why Guo Moruo firmly believed that "Ming Yue Nu" was the "daughter's nickname" from the beginning? Presumably, the word "月" in "Ming Yue Nu" is in principle limited to female names. Related, but not necessarily so. For example, the eldest son of Yuan Yu, King of Jingzhao in the Northern Wei Dynasty, was named "Baoyue" ("Book of Wei: Biography of the Five Kings of Xiaowen"), and there was also a person named "Lu Mingyue" during the reign of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty ("Book of Sui: Chronicles of Emperor Yangdi", Daye 11 Year). At least among northerners, when naming men and women, they don't stick to the word "moon". Not only that, Guo Moruo's above-mentioned strong argument completely ignores the original text and insults the precious records of the ancients with his arrogant and blunt subjective consciousness. In order to be more cautious, let us now reveal the current preface of Wei Hao, which reads: "Bai, Shi married Xu, and gave birth to a girl and a boy, called 'Mingyue Slave'. The girl died after marrying." This current text says At the same time as "one woman and one man", the following sentence "a woman dies after marrying" obviously corresponds to "female" and not to "male". It can be seen that above this sentence, it goes without saying that there must be a record of "male" at that time. As for the preface, except for the sentence "called 'Mingyue Slave'", this man's record does not allow for any other thoughts. If so, it can be inferred that before the original biography was written down here, there should be a stack of words under "one woman and one man", which should be regarded as: "Bai Shi married Xu and gave birth to a woman and a man, and Mingyue slave girl married and died. ". It is not difficult to understand that overlapping words are easy to fall off during the writing process. Also refer to the Song version of "The Collected Works of Li Taibai" (collected by Tokyo Jingjia Tang Library. Photocopy of Kyoto University Institute of Humanities in 1973). Volume 1 contains Wei Hao's preface. In the article, "one man" is replaced by "two men". Although this is obviously wrong, in my opinion, the error in the Song version is not simply a mistake of "一" for "二". It may be caused by the original "male male" being mistakenly written as "male er", and also mistakenly It's probably due to the fall. This point is pressed for the moment, and the next question is when did Li Bai and Xu get married? Regarding this matter, Li Bai himself said this in the "History of Pei Chang of Shang'an Prefecture" written by Li Bai during his Anlu period: " Seeing that Xiangru, a fellow countryman, was exaggerating about Yunmeng's affairs, Yun Chu had Qize, so he came to visit Yan. When Xu Xianggong's family saw the move, his wife and granddaughter stayed here and moved to Sanshuang Yan. "The following is more. He expressed his admiration for Pei Changshi: "I have been admiring Gao Yi for ten years, and there is no way to visit him in the mountains." In addition, he wrote the preface of "Autumn at Jingting to see off Nephew Mountain and visit Lushan Mountain" written in the following year. "", he also recalled the past: "After a long time, I traveled to Yunmeng in the south, saw the spectacular Qizeze, and lived in wine seclusion in Anlu for ten years." It is speculated from the above three paragraphs of Li Bai's own writing that he lived in Anlu for about ten years. Year. In the last three years of this period, he married the famous Xu family in Anlu and spent his married life here. Later, Zeng Gong's "Afterword" also said: "Yunmeng Xu's family was also the home of Yushi, the prime minister during the reign of Emperor Gaozong. He was a female wife, Bai, because he stayed with Yunmeng for three years." This may be based on the above-mentioned research results. . The so-called "three years" refers to the relatively stable but short-lived newlywed life during the Anlu period. On the other hand, judging from Wei Hao's preface, Li Bai "joined Liu again" during the Anlu period. I don’t know why this mistress of the Liu family broke up with her.
Judging from Wei Haoxu's so-called "Liu Jue", the breakup of the two people is not so much Li Bai leaving the Liu family, but it is better to assume that the Liu family took the initiative to break off the relationship. Among all the women who had friendship with Li Bai, She is the only one who does this. Later, Li Bai left Anlu at the end of Kaiyuan when he was about thirty-five or six years old, and went to the land of Qilu in the farther east. Why did Li Bai leave Anlu's home at this time, where he had lived for 10 years and was already married to Xu? It would be easy to understand if he went to Chang'an, the imperial capital, but he insisted on moving far away unreasonably. What is the necessity? To find the reasons for Li Baixiao's permanent residence, we still have to start by paying attention to Wei Hao's sequence. Because in the Wei Xu, regardless of the coincidence of the Liu family and the "Lu Yi woman", the official matchmakers are clearly recorded as the ex-wife Xu family and the second wife Zong family. To put it another way, after Li Bai moved to Qilu from Anlu, he did not say goodbye to his wife Xu and his mistress Liu, and then live with another woman from Lu. Xu, as his wife, always followed Li Bai, and Li Bai was While traveling with his wife, he newly accepted "Ms. Lu Yi". If such a premise is established and the reason why Li Bai moved to Donglu is inferred on this basis, then a piece of historical data that has always been discarded by researchers is that "Li Bai, courtesy name Taibai, Shandong" recorded in the original biography of "Old Tang Book" People. ...The father is Ren Chengwei, because the family Yan" is quite important. It goes without saying that the so-called "father" in the original biography of "Old Book of Tang" is not the overseas Chinese businessman who immigrated to Sichuan from the Western Regions, the biological father of Li Bai whose name is not even confirmed. However, "Old Book of Tang", as the official history compiled based on many historical materials of the Tang Dynasty, should have corresponding facts. If so, the "father" in this biography should not be the father of the unnamed mistress "Ms. Lu Yi", but actually the father of his wife Xu, who is also Li Bai's adoptive father. This explanation must not be a misunderstanding. This adoptive father happened to be appointed as the county magistrate of Rencheng in Donglu. Li Bai, who had no fixed position at this time, followed his new wife and young son to Rencheng "like a tent" and hurriedly built his new home. This inference of mine is naturally very different from the views held by most researchers. The reason for this difference is that there are different stances and methods in reading Wei Xu and making inferences based on it. For example, from the records of Li Bai's wives and concubines listed in Wei Xu, we can generally understand them in a single-line manner in the order of the Xu family--the Liu family--the Lu Yi woman, in which the wives and concubines were replaced and replaced. I made a double-line treatment, dividing the main wife Xu and the mistresses Liu and Lu Yi into two, so that the main wife and the mistress coexist in time. Although this view may be criticized, at least in terms of common sense, it makes Li Bai's poem about his wife in Jiangnan, which will be mentioned later, easier to understand than the traditional view. Li Bai then lived in Zhuxi in the Qiejilai Mountain in Donglu, where he, together with Kong Chaofu, Han Zhun, Pei Zheng, Zhang Shuming and Tao Mian, was collectively known as "Zhuxi Liuyi". After the first year of Tianbao, when he was 42 years old, he moved from Donglu to the south of the Yangtze River and hid in Kuaiji with the Taoist priest Wu Jun. And because of Wu Jun's recommendation, Li Bai was unexpectedly recruited by Xuanzong, and he increasingly looked forward to rushing to the capital. In the poem "Farewell to Nanling and Children Entering Beijing" written at this time, he sang about the innocence of young children who were entangled with their father: "Children sing and laugh and hold people's clothes." The "children" here may be what Wei Xu called "one woman and one man", that is, the eldest daughter and eldest son "Mingyue Nu" born to the Xu family, and also the poem "To the Two Childish Sons of Donglu" written after this. The so-called "beautiful girl's name is Pingyang" and "the child's name is Boqin" shown in it. This point was first pointed out by Matsuura Tomohisa in "Li Bai's Family Examination", and other scholars have also done research. The poem then satirizes Li Bai's wife who bid farewell to her "children" and compares her to the wife of Zhu Maichen in the Han Dynasty. It sings about Zhu Maichen's wife in Kuaiji who failed to foresee the future Rongda when her husband was poor The story of the divorce in the scolding ("Book of Han: Biography of Zhu Maichen"): "The foolish woman in Kuaiji lightly bought the minister, so I resigned from home and went west to the Qin Dynasty." Regarding Li Bai's wife at this time, Guo Moruo's "Li Bai and Du Fu" targeted Wei The article called "Combined with Liu, Liu Jue" in the preface also puts forward a new theory of union with Liu: "This Liu family may have been married to Li Bai when he traveled to Jiangdong in the first year of Tianbao. They divorced soon after the union. In " The 'foolish woman in Kuaiji' who was scolded in "Nanling Farewell Children Entering the Capital" should be this Liu family." Guo's theory also gained support. However, Guo's statement is just as rash as his statement of "one woman and one man", and is an outrageous theory that cannot be trusted at all. Because first, the Liu family was originally after the Xu family in Wei Xu and before the "Lu Yi woman". It is completely unreasonable to designate her as the mistress of the Jiangnan period after the Qilu period. Secondly, when Guo proposed his new theory, he seemed to stick to the "Kuiji" side of "Kuiji Foolish Woman". In fact, the focus of the poem was on the "foolish woman" side of the metaphor who could not foresee her husband's future prosperity. This poem was written roughly at the same time and in the same place. The second of the three poems "Farewell to the Expedition" also says: "When I went out, my wife forced me to hold my clothes and asked me how many days it would take to return from the westward journey. When I came back, I was wearing a gold seal. I didn't see Su Qin not getting off the plane. "The poem also compares his wife to the wife of Su Qin in Luoyang. When Su Qin returned home, his wife was extremely cold and did not even turn off the loom. In short, the so-called "wife" in the above poem should be the wife and children of a family according to the text. It can be inferred that during the Anlu, Donglu, and Jiangnan periods before Li Bai became an official in Chang'an, he had been living with his wife Xu and his young eldest daughter Pingyang and eldest son Boqin (Mingyue Nu) who were born during that period. Therefore, after Li Bai went to Chang'an, his left-behind wife, Mrs. Xu, accompanied her young daughter and son, waiting for Li Bai to return to Donglu from Jiangnan where he stayed.
Moreover, among these two young children, at least the younger brother Boqin was most likely born after Li Bai and his wife moved to Donglu from Anlu. It has the same name as "Bo Qin", Duke of Lu of Zhou Dynasty, and it tells exactly this story. This naming is filled with the great expectations and care that Li Bai placed on his eldest son. Reading Zeng Gong's "Afterword", during his wandering life, Li Bai had four long-term and deeply connected places of stay, namely Anlu in Nanchu before he became an official in Chang'an, and Zhuxi in Qiejilai Mountain in Donglu. , Liangdi, Henan (today's Kaifeng City) after Chang'an was frustrated, Yueyang and Jiangxia (today's Wuhan City) after Yelang was exiled. Li Bai was first in Anlu. As has been described in detail, he had a daughter and a son with his wife Xu, and was once again obsessed with his mistress Liu. Next, he moved to Donglu and married a "Lu woman", who gave birth to a son named "Po Li". Li Bai, who already had such an emotional life experience, was no exception when he stayed in Liangdi, Henan for a long time. After Chang'an was frustrated, the second wife he married in Liang was the daughter of a famous clan named Zong Chuke, who had served as prime minister three times. Like his ex-wife Xu, he married another head wife who came from a local prominent family and was a prime minister. This second wife, Zong, is different from her ex-wife Xu, who may be overly conceited. She and Li Bai believe in Taoism, and she seems to be a virtuous woman. At this time, his ex-wife Xu had probably died in her old house in Donglu, leaving behind her young daughter and son. It is not surprising that Li Bai did not write any poems mourning the death of his ex-wife. Because Li Bai loved him more than Xu's eldest daughter Pingyang died before she got married, and he never wrote a sad poem. Li Bai did not write mourning poems about his death, which may be related to his belief in immortality. This is a religion that believes that immortality is the best state. Li Bai stayed in Liangdi for a long time. Regarding the specific time of this period, Li Bai said in his later "Letter to Cai Sherenxiong" that "once he went to Beijing, he stayed in Liangyuan for ten years"; and when he left Liangyuan and set out to visit Donglu again, The poem "Farewell to Cao Nan (today's Caozhou County, Shandong Province), a group of officials visiting the south of the Yangtze River" contains the following verse: "I have done a good job with my gratitude, but I have left my post and established a chapter. After ten years, I smile in the west, and I look into the mirror like autumn frost." From these two poems, According to the poem's inference, Li Bai's stay in Liangyuan was unexpectedly long. Even if "ten years" is not supported by literal factors, it should have been at least seven or eight years. He settled in Liangyuan and lived a very satisfying remarriage life with Zong. Soon after, around the 12th or 3rd year of Tianbao, Li Bai left his second wife in Liangyuan, entered Qilu again, and roamed the Huai, Si and Jiangnan areas. During this trip, Li Bai should have stopped by Donglu's home after a long absence, and met Pingyang and Boqin, who had become unrecognizable. Therefore, during his later wanderings in the south of the Yangtze River, although the poems he wrote in memory of Donglu Erzongzi and Liangyuan Zong clan have survived, there are still a lot of them. First of all, the poems written in memory of Er Zhizi include "Sending Yang Yan to Donglu", "Sending Xiao Thirty-one to Lu Zhong, and asking about Zhizi Boqin", "Sending Donglu Erzhizi", and "Gift to Donglu" written in the first year of Zhide. "Wu Shiqie and Preface" and so on. Now, here are the relevant verses from the most famous "Send to the Second Child of Donglu" as follows, to see how he chanted his deep fatherly love for his beloved son: The word "Pingyang" is used for women, and the flowers are folded against the edge of the peach. I can't see you when you fold flowers, and my tears are like flowing springs. The boy's name is Boqin, and he is as tall as his sister. Under the two rows of peach trees, who cares if I caress my back? Secondly, for the beloved wife left in Liangyuan, there are poems such as "Qiupu Ji Nei", "Gift from Generation Nei", "Qiupu Feeling that the Master Returns to Yan Ji Nei", etc., all of which miss the beloved wife who stayed lonely in Liang Yuan. A work of love with an empty boudoir. Among them, the imaginary poem "Gift from the Generation", in which the wife expresses her yearning to her husband, is particularly interesting. The kind heart and intermittent expression in the poem best express Li Bai's style. The poem is as follows: The sword cuts the flowing water, and there is no time to cut it off. The concubine follows the king's will, and the same is true for lingering. ...The appraiser is in the Qiupu Building (Qiupu Mountain), knowing that you are in Qiupu. The brocade quilt is in the sky in the Liang Yuan, and the rain is dreaming on the balcony. ...I am like a peach at the bottom of a well, it blooms and smiles at whoever it is. You are like the moon in the sky, refusing to shine even once. ... Li Bai and Zong are such a couple who are firmly united by deep love. Even though they are far apart from each other, they are still in harmony with each other. The existence of this very harmonious relationship may be related to the fact that Liang Yuan's second wife Zongshi and Donglu's beloved daughter Pingyang were both lucky enough to believe in religion. He said in "Inscribed on the Mountain Residence of Yuan Danqiu by the Yiren of Songshan": "The humble wife likes to ride on the luan, and the charming daughter loves to fly the crane. She helped visit the gods and made alchemy from then on." Isn't this just such a story? The time has come. Around the first year of De, the Zong family finally came from Liangyuan, Henan to what Li Bai called Jiangnan. The couple met in the Xunyang area (two poems "Send Nei to Search for the Female Taoist Li Tengkong from Mount Lu"), but such a happy and stable married life did not exist. It didn't last long. Li Bai was convicted of rebellion by King Yong and was thrown into prison in Xunyang. At this time, he wrote "Poems of Thousands of Angry Contributing to Doctor Wei" written in prison, such as "Mulingguan North is worried about his beloved son, Yuzhang is separated from his old wife in the south". At that time, his beloved son Boqin lived in Donglu, and his old wife Zong lived in Yuzhang (now Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province), one hundred kilometers south of Xunyang. In the "Shang Cui Xiang Bai You Zhang", which was also written in prison, he also lamented: "When a star leaves a family, two children are thrown away." It is still a sad complaint about the separation of a family and father and son. The so-called "second child" here refers to the half-brothers Pingyang and Boqin of Donglu, or to the half-brothers Boqin and Poli. It is now impossible to clarify his true meaning.
For example, in the second year of Zhide when Li Bai stayed in Xunyang Prison, it goes without saying that siblings Pingyang and Boqin, and even Po Li, the son of his concubine, should have grown into a young man of about 20 years old. But Li Bai still calls his own children "children" as adults. I'm afraid this is a very natural title given by his undying love for his children. This is why, as seen in the poem mentioned above, Li Bai still calls Pingyang and Boqin, who have grown up, "two children". When meeting Wei Hao in his later years, when talking about his beloved son Boqin, he used his young name, that is, he begged "Wuwang Lao Fu and Mingyue Nu" (Xu of Wei), and this fact was confirmed. On the other hand, Zong, his old wife who was living in Yuzhang in the south at that time, ran around sacrificially in order to rescue Li Bai from prison. Li Bai expressed his deep gratitude for this, and sang about it in "Xunyang Shui Nei": When you hear the chicken, you will know how to cry, and when it crows, it will enter the house. Many of you, together with Cai Yan, cried to invite Duke Cao. The climb to Wu Zhangling is indistinguishable from death. The rugged stone road turns into the blue clouds. If we see each other and lament, we can hear the lamentation. Even in the first year of Qianyuan the following year, Li Bai's crime was reduced to one level and Yelang was exiled. On the occasion of departure, in the "Sixteenth Anniversary of the Farewell Sect in Wujiang (Xunyang River)" written to his wife's brother who came from afar to see him off, he also expressed his gratitude to the old wife who deserved it for her devotion and love: "I am not the master of the bed. My sister is very proud." As far as Li Bai is concerned, this Zong is a rare companion and benefactor whom he can never thank enough. Judging from the sentence in the poem "The clumsy wife Moye sword, and the two dragons accompanying her", it seems that Zong, the good wife who is compared to "Moye" (the name of the female sword), came to Wujiang with her younger brother to see Li Bai off at this time. . Judging from the deep conjugal love between Li Bai and Zong up to this time, this is a matter of course. But even a love as deep as that of Li Bai and his wife cannot avoid a bleak ending. In his later work "Nanliu Yelang Nei", Li Bai sang: "Yelang is separated from the world with resentment, and there are few messages in the Mingyue Tower." The wild geese from the north return in spring and want to see them all, but when they come from the south they can't find the Yuzhang Book. After all, before Li Bai arrived at Yelang, he was pardoned at the Three Gorges, so he went down the Yangtze River again. Therefore, even though this poem undoubtedly has the fictional character unique to Li Bai's poems, the fact that he complained about the lack of news from his wife who lives in Yuzhang is unusual. I'm afraid that at this time, such a chaste wife Zong's state of mind has changed in some way, and she is already in a de facto state of divorce. Whether the reason for this change originated from Li Bai or from the Zong family, we have no way of knowing. In short, after the Three Gorges amnesty, even though Li Bai stayed in Yueyang and Jiangxia for a "long time", he never even stopped by Yuzhang where his wife was.