First, the inheritance of words.
"She brushes the strings, twists slowly, sweeps the strings and plucks" in Pipa Hangs easily outlines the familiarity and leisure of a pipa girl playing the pipa. When the lyricist writes and plays the pipa, he also takes pains to describe the graceful modality of light finger: "The onion nails twist lightly" (Yan Shu's Magnolia), "The fine twist is light and disturbing, the drunken face melts into spring, and the sky in Jiang Shangqing is reddish" (Su Shi's Picking Mulberry Seeds).
If the frequent use of poly-twisting is due to the technique of pipa itself, then the direct misappropriation of the word "light poly-twisting" is related to the development of pipa. For example:
It's always good to learn Huqin and twist it gently. (Su Shi's "Huanxisha")
Twist slowly and gather gently, and the sense of resentment follows your hands. (Cao Xun's "Little Crimson Lips")
Slowly twist your feelings and gently gather your thoughts. (Shi Hao's Walking on the Beach)
The old sound is forgotten, and it is light and slow, and the string is dangerous. (Chen Yizhuang, "Shui Long Yin")
Slow and light, think quietly, who listens. ("San Shu Mei" by Du Chen Liang)
Gently and slowly, my feelings are gorgeous, my eyes are fine, and there is no sorrow. (Anonymous "Bai Bao Makeup")
After a slight twist, "Guan Guan Yu Ying" is particularly beautiful. Poets can't help thinking of using the wonderful metaphor of "Yu Ying" when describing the pipa sound. For example:
The delicate jade bamboo shoots twist gently, and the English words make spring charming. (Confessions by Chao Li Duan)
Sandalwood groove slowly hangs ribbons and fingers twist onions. Yingying said skillfully and walked to the forest. (Ceng Wei's Confessions)
Chen Ji's sentence "Slipping at the bottom of the flower in Yingyu, and the shower obliquely passes through the bamboo tree" is an inverted sentence of the present sentence "Slipping at the bottom of the flower in Yingyu". The "warm flowers" of the tide (Malhyde Duck) is a simplified abbreviation of "the bottom of the flower is slippery, and it is difficult to flow under the ice in spring".
In addition, "Rosewood incense turns to spring thunder, and noises come and go" (Walking on the Sand by Zeng Yi) is an extension of "Humming, whispering-then mixing". "Jade fiber try pipa player first. The rain on tung leaves is dry. True pearls fall on a jade plate (Bodhisattva Man by Xin Qiji) is the last sound of a song like pouring pearls of all sizes into a jade plate.
Second, the reappearance of time and place
The story of Pipa is not about mango birds singing in the trees in midsummer, nor about the spring dawn when roses are lying on the branches feebly, but about the autumn night when maple leaves and mature rushes rustle. "Sad autumn" complex has existed since ancient times. "sad! Autumn is gas. The bleak scenery casts a melancholy tone on the soul, and "autumn is in the heart" is people's lingering sadness. The pipa is cold and quiet, and it has its own beauty. " There is a parrot in front of the flower and a pipa under the moon "(Chao Nan Ge Zi) points out the best time for the pipa to sound. In Song Ci, in the scene of "listening to the west wind, trees in golden wells, and moving Qiu Ge", you often hear the pipa (Wu Wenying's "Candle Shadows Shake Red") and the four-string night language (Wu Wenying's "Magnolia Slow"). "Yang didn't mean to blame remember sandalwood ditch desolate, bamboo shoots tender. The moon flows west outside the window. Like Xunyang, the merchant girl is adjacent to the boat "(Sauvignon Blanc), Wang Zhidao" Who makes the pipa sound, and lightly endows the maple leaf with flowers? "Flying barefoot, the river is overcast and low" ("Nian Nujiao"), "Don't beat drums and play the piano on the river, for fear of flowers and red leaves. Clouds are stacked, and the heart is far away "(Liu Guo's He Xinlang) connects pipa, autumn, night, boat and Xunyang River in series to form a group of sad image group.
"Preface to Pipa" says: "See you off in Pukou this autumn." Songpukou, located in Jiujiang, Jiangxi, is at the entrance of Songshui at the source of Xunyang River. Today, an ancient pipa pavilion stands by the Jiujiang River, which is said to be the place where Bai Juyi listens to pipa. Only after Songpukou's farewell and the sound of pipa on the water can the subsequent plot be achieved. Therefore, future generations will leave behind their thoughts when passing through Pipa Shop and Pipa Pavilion, or they will worry about traveling: "The Pipa Pavilion is surrounded by maple leaves in full bloom in autumn. Zhan Shi Bao wine bowl, hold up a dance song fan, and gather eyebrows. Looking back at Biyun River, accompanied by Korean pine. " (Shi Xiaoyou's Water Tune) When he met the scenery related to Pipa Pavilion, he said: "I don't know the breadth of the sky when I look at it, and I often hate the cover of the mountain when I return home. See you from Jiangpu to Lu Hua. It is intended to be under the pipa pavilion. " (Wang Zhi's "Xijiang Moon")
The lyricist of "My heart is full of enthusiasm, my heart is full of persistence" simply put the farewell scene in Pipa Pot Shop and Pipa Pavilion: when Chao bid farewell to his friends, he wrote down his other feelings in imaginary words-"If you pass Xunyang Pavilion, the pipa will burst into tears and will not spill clear autumn." The willows on the bank cherish the present and stay in the boat "(Mann Fang Ting).
Slowly, Pipa Shop and Xunyang Riverside were endowed with the same parting connotation as Nanzhu: "The mirror of Chai Mengzhi, knowing what the limit is, is the most heartbroken." Nanzhu sends a boat, Xicheng folds a willow, and the resentment is in the end of the world. "(Zhao Changqing's" A bouquet of flowers ") On the river, the pipa becomes a voice of urging hair, a song of parting-"Smile at the rose, don't casually raise your glass. On the Pipa River, don't send a parrot by mistake "(Chen's" Litchi fragrance is near ")," Parrots dream of people at night, and the Pipa River sings in spring "(Chen's" Yulouchun "). Even Jiang Kui, who is "seeing off the guests and looking for the West Road again", can't help asking: "Who plays the pipa on the water? "(Eight Returns to Hu Dehua, Hunan Province) Although it is impossible to know the actual writing and imaginary writing, there is no doubt that the pipa sound is the most sensational background music at the farewell scene. The pipa sound of "all the feasters listen and cover their faces" looms, lingering on the banks of Xunyang River and Pipa Pavilion. Together with the autumn night, the reed flowers and the lonely boat, it turned into the most sad and moving scene in the poet's pen.
Third, the mapping of characters.
Still Hiding Half a Face Behind Her Guitar from Us vividly depicts the shyness of the pipa girl. The beauties in Song Dynasty poets also like to cover half a face with a pipa: "The pearl wraps around the arm, and the pipa covers the face" (Liu Kezhuang's "He Xinlang"), "The upright man is at the bottom of the screen, and the pipa covers half a face" (Zhang Yan's "Fa Qu Xian Yin"), "Remember the poem of Ropa, the pipa. The poet may take the pipa girl as a metaphor to appreciate the superb skills and beautiful face of the pipa player in front of him: "The singer is charming and the dancer is slim." Huatang is everywhere. Sixian is good at sitting in the spring, and moving the boat out of the plug can follow the sound energy. Twist your feelings slowly and gather your thoughts gently "(Shi Hao's" Walking on the Sand ")," Red sandalwood ditch, golden mud painted face, beautiful women hold it as a feast. Hanging ribbons, plain muscles and jade, close to the wings, clouds and combing cicadas. Jade bamboo shoots are lightly gathered, dragons are finely ground, and the phoenix flies out of the four strings. It's a long way to go in Xiu Yuan. Princess Han left the castle, and in the dead of night, the merchant woman moved the boat. Suddenly melancholy, riverside resentment, clearly spread to the Song Dynasty "(toward the end of the ceremony" Wild Duck ")," Flowers warm off, Ivylinna Lee. Baochai shook the pendant. Not playing, Zhao Jun complained, four seats have been sad ... too much worry, Sima Xun Yang, was not in front of the banquet. Appreciate the race, lean on the beach, and Shen Zui will sail "("Mudd Duck "), all of which tacitly compare the pipa girl with Zhao Jun's peerless elegance on the table. As for "waist, light cloud feelings. How many romantic things are there in the song. "Red Teeth Break Young People's Heart and Pity" (Zeng Yi's "Walking in the Sand") is the reappearance of yesterday's "Wulin Heroes Competition, a song of HongLing Countless", which seems to imply that the pipa geisha in front of the poet also has the Ming Dynasty "sometimes dreaming of his own victory in the dead of night, awakened by hot tears"; Or, the image of a dying old woman degenerated into a strong woman in the business world, giving birth to a sense of life experience and a lonely sigh, such as "the moon flows west outside the window." "Like Xunyang, merchants and women are neighbors of ships. I am proud of my feelings and tired of my makeup. I wonder if I can leave my sadness. Why not take a ride, or even take a boat, only to Luzhou. The moon is ashamed. Think again and be happier. Ask when it's a good night, and I'm shocked by the autumn "(Yang Wuxian's Sauvignon Blanc)," The old pipa on the river can only be distributed to merchants "(Dai Fugu Qingpingle).
Writing pipa girl in Pipa Travel means writing Jiangzhou Sima himself, and the two life trajectories are consistent. Therefore, poets often use Jiangzhou Sima implicitly or explicitly to draw up their own images and create a "tearful" bosom friend image to set off the superb skills of pipa. "Jiangzhou Sima" once again hurt herself because of the pipa sound of "as if telling us about the hidden pain of her life", and sent out the feeling that she was young and old and lost for the official: "Listen to the whispers and complain about the pipa. The guest's temples are pale and his sleeves are wet. When you get old, you should bring your own cream. A ray of affection is hidden in Zhu Hu, and two traces are sad about the green hills. The west wind blew away the dream cloud "(Wu Wenying's" Looking for Teeth Tired ")" Both swallows came back late. Scatter red incense for more than half. The pipa tore my blue shirt. Thinking about things is easy to break when you are in danger. I haven't solved my laziness. Xiaoxiang Dream in the Screen (Hsieh Mao's Apricot Blossom Sky), "Remember to drink Sima, and Huang Hua gave a high banquet last year. The bamboo branches are bitter, the pipa cries, and the temple is changed in the New Year. Often afraid of returning, things are in sight, and people are far away from Japan "(Chao" Water "). At this point, blue shirt and tears have become synonymous with Jiangzhou Sima, and pipa has also been artificially endowed with "tearful" emotional personality.
Fourth, the emotional response.
According to Mr. Chen Yinque, Bai Juyi "not only wrote for Chang 'an, but also advocated that women hurt the past and the present, and lost their way, directly combining those who cooperated with this poem with those who recited it." The two can be said to be one, or mutually assured destruction, with the unity of subject and object, single-minded and more single-minded, and feelings plus feelings "("Bai Yuan's Poetry Talk "). The Pipa Girl's Feelings of Past and Present and Bai Juyi's Lost all give Pipa a a sense of wandering. Later poets often use pipa to express their life experiences and sighs. Listen to Ge Changgeng's "He Xinlang": "Suddenly the west wind rises again. This year, it was two-thirds ahead of schedule. When did Yan Quhong come? There are many troubles in the world. If you wait, you will succeed. Maple leaves are full of cool thoughts, thinking about them, and the pipa tears the river. I still feel like I'm dreaming. I've been worried for a long time because I was drunk in the morning. Alas, Song Yu is sad and San Lv is haggard. The situation is bleak and heartbreaking. Water breaks mountains and green mountains. Fu Jian, Changting. In front of Gezao Mountain, the plane rains and the wind blows the boat. Go here, take advantage of autumn. " On this equally cold autumn night, the poet only has a sigh and two lines of tears. Lonely and bleak pipa sounds, poets who have traveled repeatedly feel that "gathering less and leaving more, drifting away from zero" (Zhao Bi's Brave Lanling), "I have lived all my life, and the seagulls and herons are well known" (Zengbo Li's Drunken Penglai). Listen to Sima Guang's "Tang Jinchun" again: "The red sun is delayed, the empty corridors are shaded, and the shadows of trees linger in the west. It is difficult to draw with colored pens and form a hazy evening scene. Butterflies don't know where to go in spring yet, so they wander around looking for flowers. After the storm, even if there is residual red, who will you fly to? At the beginning, the temple of educated youth was priceless, sighing and wandering the official road, and the years passed. Today, in the song, I specially consulted. The blue on the table is soaked, older than the pipa. Why not teach people to grow old, how much to stay, and scatter in the end of the world. "Time flies, after many vicissitudes, beauty is easy to get old, and beauty has gone, which is sad and regrettable. I am also an official, but my ambition is unfinished, but I am old! Different "pipa sounds" played the same sad tone. The feeling of life experience and the sigh of wandering in Pipa Xing were vividly rendered in Pipa Ci in Song Dynasty.
Besides the sound of parting, pipa is the best representative of music in Jinghua Palace. The pipa sound of "Jingle with the Voice of Kyoto" attracted the author to stop and listen. The merchant of the neighboring ship borrowed the pipa to "let her heart share everything with us bit by bit" and then "tell us how she spent her girlhood in the capital". Bai Juyi once recalled "having a banquet with Xian Di" in "The Song of Coat and Hat" and wrote six songs which were widely circulated in the imperial court for many times. She frowned and bent her fingers, and then started her music. A pipa girl wrote "Nishang" and "Liu Yao". "Nishang" and "Liu Yao" are their memories of the glorious years of the Imperial City. In poetry, because of the special status of Chang 'an, Bianjing and Lin 'an, Chang 'an, as the national capital, is not only a geographical term, but also an allusion to official career or past glory. Therefore, the memory of Chang 'an in the sound of pipa is also a recollection of the glorious life in the past, and it is a feeling of ups and downs of official career: "Where? Chang 'an Road. I don't remember flowers blooming on trees. The lyre takes care of the dress spectrum. "(Mao Kun's teasing order)" ... the pipa in the boat dialed gold, and the string was not rubbed. Chaozhou is cold at night, and the stars are dry at the head of the city. Endure the old dream and swim three thousand miles to Chang' an. " (He Zhu's "Qing Ping Le")
The ups and downs of official career have caused endless wandering and parting today. Even "Chang 'an chaotic leaves" are "worries about leisure" in the poet's eyes, "I hate the pipa, but I also see little pity at the head of the bay", and the sound of the pipa recalls Chang 'an, just like "a dream in Yangzhou" (Zhou Mi speaks slowly). When I woke up, the prosperity was gone, leaving only the poet feeling dejected.
Chang 'an used to be the old capital of Han and Tang Dynasties, and it was filled with the feeling of the changes of the times and the rise and fall of history: "The cultural relics of the Seven Dynasties are old. Water is like the sky. Don't lean against the fence. Throughout the ages, Chang 'an has nowhere to ask. Even after Qinhuai heard the old songs, autumn was already half, and the night would stop. Try to teach Pan to avoid the spots on his temples. Gather your beauty. What string to wipe? You must remember the pipa, and my son will elaborate on karma. The sausage is broken. What year is it? " (Zhang Shunmin's Jiangchengzi)-This is the ancient and modern thinking in the sound of pipa.
With the difficulty of Jingkang, the Song Dynasty moved its capital to Lin 'an, and scholars moved south one after another, and Chang 'an fell under the iron hoof of foreign countries. At this time, the poet chanted Chang 'an, which not only reflected his nostalgia for the old country, but also reflected his endless sadness in the face of the residual water in the mountains: "Liulang is old. No matter the peach blossom still smiles. Listen to pipa. In the yard, I found Xie's family. The end of the song is drunk. More like tears on Xunyang River. Wan. The country breaks the mountains and rivers and shines red. " (Zhu Dunru's "Minus Magnolia") "Love pipa, spring bamboo shoots light up sleeves. Look at the dance and Jin Chai. If you see my hometown, my elders, the road to Chang 'an and the road to the market, they are as crazy as before. Meet again, when will we meet again? " (Liu Guo's He Xinlang) is the deepest attachment and yearning for the old country. Ji and his son can't help but think of "Yujing once recalled the prosperity of the past" and "Where is the home mountain" ("eye-catching") in Pipa Sound. At this time, the pipa sound is a lament for the thought of the old country and the hatred of the home country.
Zhong Ziqi and Yu Boya got to know each other because of guqin. Jiangzhou Sima became attached to the pipa girl, and the emotion of "both of them are unhappy-and heaven remains our neighbourhood". We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? "Still ringing in my ears. One is a pipa girl who is stunted but teased by fate and falls around in the world of mortals; One is Jiangzhou Sima, who has the ambition to serve the country and help the world, but is excluded by the world. Full of depression, reduced to the world. Different life trajectories have the same life situation. How can a heartbroken person not burst into tears when listening to the heartbroken voice? Poets who have experienced ups and downs in real life, when they hear the sound of pipa, think of pipa and reflect on themselves, are too sad to meet their bosom friends, and can't help but feel sad:
Who plays the pipa sideways? ..... few intimate friends. Where there is grass on the earth. (Zhu Dunru's "Fisherman's Pride")
Pipa and golden phoenix, flute and hose. Blue eyes have been injured before, and the bald head is lonely and negative. (Liu Guo "Linjiang Xian")
It's hard to find a bosom friend if you don't believe me when you first play the lute. (Li Linglong Four Offenders)
Even if you have been to Pipa Songpu occasionally, people should feel that "the wine is old and deaf" (Shi Dazu's Night Flowers). Jiangzhou Sima and Pipa girl in Pipa Xing were reborn in Pipa Ci in Song Dynasty. Poets and their * * * experienced grief, * * * fell, * * * missed Beijing. In autumn night, the tearful pipa on Xunyang River spans time and space and lingers in the poet's pen.
In a word, Pipa Xing has a profound influence on Song Ci, and the scenes and characters in Pipa Xing often reappear between the lines of Song Ci. Pipa ci in Song Dynasty continued the feelings of parting, thoughts of Beijing and sighs of bosom friends in Pipa Xing, and added the era connotation of wandering officials, yearning for the present, hatred of home country and sadness of home country on this basis. (Author: National College of China Renmin University)