gong zizhen
Fifteen States southeast of Jinfen,
Thousands of grievances belong to celebrities.
All in prison,
The talents in the group are all in the upstream.
Avoid seats and smell the literary inquisition,
All the books are written for the benefit of Mi and Liang.
There are 500 people in Tian Heng,
Do not return all columns?
Gong Zizhen (1792- 184 1) lived in an era when the feudal society in China was about to perish. China's last feudal dynasty, the Qing Empire, was like an ancient sunken ship, riddled with holes. Although the old days have passed away, they are not stiff for a while. At that time, society was smoky and lifeless. Gong Zizhen's "Ji Hai Miscellaneous Poems" said in the first 125: "Kyushu is furious, and thousands of students are sad. I advise the gods to shake hands and make peace again, and not stick to one pattern. " Among them, the scene of "Wan Ma Qi goes into battle" is the image portrayal of the society at that time. This Ode to History is another dagger thrown into the dark reality.
This poem was written by the author in 1825, when Daoguang lived in Kunshan for five years. Although it is famous for praising history, it is actually ironic. The first pair of couplets: "Fifteen States in the southeast of Jinfen, all kinds of grievances belong to celebrities." Satire those people who were in the limelight at that time and flaunted each other. Most of them are landlord class intellectuals attached to powerful people. These people have no knowledge, no ideals and no morality. They collude and repel each other. They fight for fame and fortune all day long, which is what the poem calls "grudges" Gold powder, the lead powder used by ancient women for makeup, refers to a prosperous and beautiful life here. Fifteen States in the southeast refer to the rich land in the south of the Yangtze River. These two sentences use "gold powder" to set off the vulgar life of those so-called celebrities. And "gold powder" is the object sought after by these people.
Zhuan Xu: "They are all in prison, and the talents of the group fans are upstream." These two sentences are written about people who are close to big bureaucrats and big salt merchants and control all salt policies; Only those who shake the fan hold high positions in the imperial court. Prison basin, a tool for cooking salt, here refers to the policy of holding salt. A lucky minister or guest who is particularly close to the feudal emperor or big bureaucrat. It's all about the big picture. Talented people in the group fan refer to those noble children who are ignorant and despicable. This couplet is closely connected with the first couplet, and it is still a matter in Fifteen States in the Southeast of Golden Powder. On the one hand, hackers who are particularly good at making profits, making profits and being unethical in politics are giving orders; But Wan's younger brother, despite his debauchery, corruption and idleness, can stand on the top of the political power. Such a society and such an era are so desperate and suffocating.
Neck couplet: "I'm afraid to smell the literary inquisition and write a book for Miliang." These two sentences mean that the literati are far away because they are afraid of the literary inquisition and dare not speak; Even if someone writes a book, it's just to make a living. These two sentences fully reflect the author's courage and courage to expose and criticize reality. As we know, the literary inquisition in the history of China was the fiercest in the Qing Dynasty. Especially the three dynasties of Kang, Yong and Gan developed to the extreme. I don't know how many intellectuals have been killed for trumped-up crimes. This makes the whole society live in an extremely horrible atmosphere, especially intellectuals, who dare not struggle. Many people have to plunge into that pile of old paper for comfort. Dare not face the reality, let alone face the reality. In such a dark iron room, Gong Zizhen dared to make such a cry, which was really courageous. Linked to the above two couplets, that is to say, in addition to those boring, shameless and incompetent celebrities, there is another important reason why the Qing society is lifeless and lifeless: the literary inquisition. Gong Zizhen's two poems not only show his courage, but also show his keen and unique vision. He is a sober man. A sober person who "I wake up alone when the world is drunk, and I wake up alone when the world is turbid."
Look at the tail couplet again: "Five hundred people in Tian Heng, don't come back and wait?" These two sentences mean that among the celebrities in the southeast now, there are no more people with backbone. This is a satire on the scholar-officials who were hungry, rich and famous, and sold themselves to the rulers of the Qing Dynasty. There is an allusion here. Tian Heng was an aristocrat of Qi when Chu and Han were contending. He once occupied the old land of Qi State and established himself as the King of Qi. After Liu Bang destroyed Xiang Yu, Tian Heng led more than 500 people to flee to the island. Later, Tian Heng committed suicide because he refused to obey Liu Bang, and all his more than 500 people committed suicide. See Biography of Tian Yan in Historical Records for details. The author quotes this classic to satirize those celebrities, who only know how to fight for power and gain, and have no shame. Liehou, made in the Han Dynasty, is called Liehou, who has made meritorious deeds among ministers with different surnames.
Gong Zizhen, a pioneer of the reformist movement in modern times, advocated applying the world to practice and reforming internal affairs. In this poem, he exposed the political darkness at that time and denounced a group of so-called celebrities in the southeast region for being vulgar, vulgar and bringing disaster to the country and the people. Their feelings of worrying about the country and the people are obvious to all for a hundred years. In art, although this poem is a work about current politics, it does not focus on it, nor does it describe it in detail, but only points out the dark phenomenon in reality in general. Express your feelings and attitudes. Clear point of view, frank and tasteful language, avoiding boring and monotonous generalizations. This allusion is also appropriate and natural. The last question is vigorous and powerful, and it is all over the paper. In a word, this poem is Gong Zizhen's masterpiece, and it is indeed a rare masterpiece.