Ma Shuo Han Yu
Only when there is Bole in the world can there be a swift horse. There are often swift horses, but Bole is not often. Therefore, even a vigorous horse can only be humiliated by servants and die in the stable with ordinary horses, and will not get the title of swift horse.
A horse that walks thousands of miles a day may eat a stone of grain at a meal. People who feed horses don't know how to feed them according to their ability of thousands of miles a day. Although such a horse has the ability to travel thousands of miles a day, its talent and good quality will not be shown if its food intake and physical strength are insufficient. If it is impossible to be on an equal footing with an ordinary horse, how can it be required to travel thousands of miles every day?
Push it. If you don't feed it in the right way, you can't let it give full play to its talents. Listen to its bray, but don't understand its meaning. Stand in front of it with a whip and say, "There is no swift horse in the world!" Alas! Is there really no maxima? In fact, they really don't know maxima!
Author and writing background
Ma Shuo was written in the 11th and 16th years of Zhenyuan (795 ~ 800). At that time, Han Yu entered the official career, which was very disappointing. He wrote to the Prime Minister for help three times, "but his ambition is not clear"; "How to talk to people (gatekeepers) with three feet and a door". Nevertheless, he declared that he was "concerned about the country and the people" and would not hide in the mountains. Later, I attached myself to the curtain of Dong Jin, the ambassador of Xuanwu, and Zhang Jianfeng, the ambassador of Wuning, and I was unhappy, so I sighed that "Bole is not always there".
At the same time as Ma Shuo, there are also works of "Dragon Theory" (Miscellaneous Theory 1). The legend that dragons are used to describe sages and clouds are used to describe sages, and that "dragons hiss into clouds" and then "qi rides in the universe and the ocean is poor in the universe" shows that sages can't do without the appointment of sages, and sages can't do without their assistance, which can be regarded as a companion piece of Ma Shuo.
The Story of Bole and Maxima
Han Ming will go to see Chun Shen Jun and wait until March to see him again. Speaking of pawning, Chun Shen Jun is very happy. ..... Khan said, "Did you hear about the horse? A person's teeth are too good (can drive for several years) to go to Taihang by salt car. Toe sinking (same as "stretching"), knee breaking, tail chin (same as "sinking") (same as "skin") collapsing, juice splashing on the ground, white sweat exchange, middle squat delay (slow movement), and negative pole can not be installed. Bole got off the bus and cried. He took off his clothes (ramie woven clothes) and covered them. The horse will spray it (with "prone"), lift it up and make a sound, and make a sound to the sky. If it pays gold, why do it? He regards Bole as a bosom friend. ……"
Ma Shuo's Five Yes's (Jiang Feng)
"Ye" is a common function word in classical Chinese. Most of them are placed at the end of the sentence, indicating the tone of the speaker, and sometimes they are placed in the sentence to indicate a short pause, reminding readers of what to say next. These usages seem common, but when used properly, they can also express some subtle meanings and arouse readers' aftertaste. This is the case with Ma Shuo's five words "Ye".
This article is divided into three paragraphs, and the last sentence of each paragraph ends with the word "Ye". These three "yes" are particularly worthy of evaluation. The tone they express is determined by the content of each paragraph, and it also expresses the author's emotional state when describing these contents in reverse. The first paragraph mainly describes the reason why Maxima was buried, that is, "Bole is not vulgar", but it vividly describes the situation that Maxima was buried, that is, "humiliated by domestic slaves and died in a ditch". The generalization of this image has shown the author's indignation; Finally, I ended with "I don't say anything for a thousand miles", and then I wrote the word "Ye" to express my infinite regret. In the second paragraph, based on the characteristics of a swift horse, the author further reveals the reasons why its talent cannot be exerted, and puts the blame on the ignorance of the horse eater, and then presses hard. At the end of the article, the author's resentment and condemnation reached a climax with the rhetorical sentence of "Let it travel thousands of miles". The word "Ye" in this sentence not only embodies the author's strong feelings, but also contains the intention to appeal to the reader's sense of justice. The third paragraph is a summary of the full text. The author compares "no horse" with "I really don't know horses" in the form of questions and answers. The phrase "no horse" is ignored by the word "evil", while the phrase "I don't know the horse" is contained by the word "ye". Of course, there is the author's bitterness, and the profound ridicule of "horse eater" is also on the paper.
The above three words "Ye" are all related to the overall situation of the article. In a sense, they can also be said to be symbols of the whole context, which should be scrutinized repeatedly. There are two words "ye" left in the middle of the text: one is at the end of the sentence, that is, the word "ye" in "horse eaters don't know how to eat thousands of miles", which means that the author pretends not to talk for a while, which can save some useless words. Another word in the sentence, that is, the word "Ye" in "Although there is …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
The best way to understand these subtle functions of the word "Ye" (including other function words) is to read the text repeatedly. Try to read the tone, read it attentively, as if every sentence came from your own mouth, and it is not difficult to understand it again.