Main attractions: Jiayuguan-the first pier of the Great Wall-the mural tomb of Wei and Jin Dynasties in Xincheng-Hanging Great Wall-Qiyi Glacier.
Jiayuguan is located in the throat of Hexi, with Qilian Mountain covered with snow all year round in the south and Mazong Mountain in the north. The terrain is very dangerous. Known as the first pass in Hexi since ancient times, it is the defensive stronghold of feudal dynasties in past dynasties and the traffic artery of the ancient Silk Road and cultural exchanges between the East and the West. Jiayuguan is large in scale and imposing. The whole building consists of inner city, outer city and city wall. As a witness to the dispute and integration between the mainland and the western regions, the Central Plains and the desert, it is tragic and brilliant.
The first pier of the Great Wall is located seven kilometers south of Jiayuguan, which is the starting point of the pier at the western end of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty. The first pier was built in Li Han, Suzhou Binglu, Gansu Province in the 18th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty. It is a square pyramid. After being washed by wind and rain, some shore walls collapsed, making the existing platform stand against the wall, which is extremely dangerous. In order to effectively protect this precious historical relic, Jiayuguan invested in the construction of the antique Great Wall on the north side of the first pier in recent years, and enclosed a guardrail. Passengers can enjoy the vast desert scenery of Gobi with their history.
The brick tomb of Wei and Jin frescoes in Xincheng is known as "the largest underground gallery in the world". The existing tombs No.6 and No.7 are open to tourists. Wei and Jin tombs are divided into two rooms and three rooms. Arched and sloping graves are connected with each other, made of bricks and buried for families. The brush method of the four-wall brick in the tomb is concise and vivid, which systematically reflects the politics, economy, culture, military affairs, folk customs, science and technology in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Their paintings are mainly based on the traditional realistic techniques of China, which predates the art of Mogao Grottoes and fills the blank of painting art in Wei and Jin Dynasties.
The hanging wall is the northern end of the West Great Wall in Suzhou, which was built in the 19th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty. It was originally 1500 meters long, and it was built with rubble as an earth wall. Now, there is only one section of the site, with a bottom width of four meters and a height of about six meters. Add stack walls and building walls at the top of the wall, add piers at the starting point and piers at the end point, and build stepped walkways under the first pier and hillside. Tourists climb stairs, flat places are like flat ground, and steep places climb cliffs. Because the 23 1 m Great Wall climbs on the ridge with a height of on the ridge with a dip angle of 45 degrees, it looks like the Great Wall is hanging upside down and the iron wall is suspended, so it is called "suspended wall".
There is a fascinating tourist attraction in the hinterland of Qilian Mountain in Qiyi Glacier, which is120km away from Jiayuguan City. The July 1st Glacier covers an area of 4300m above sea level, with an average thickness of 70m, and the thickest point is120m. It is a typical continental glacier in China and one of the glaciers closest to cities in Asia. This huge glacier lies in the embrace of mountains, shining under the bright blue sky, and its white is shining, just like the beautiful picture frame of a huge country.
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The Great Wall of Wan Li is famous for its huge project, majestic spirit and long history. It is like a dragon, crossing deserts and grasslands, hovering over the mountains and swimming on both sides of the Yellow River and Bohai Sea. It has a history of more than 2000 years from the beginning of construction to the final completion. The existing Great Wall was mainly built in the Ming Dynasty more than 600 years ago, starting from Shanhaiguan in the east and Jiayuguan in the west, with a total length of more than 6,000 kilometers. Someone has made such a rough estimate: if only the masonry earthwork used in the existing Great Wall is built into a wall with a thickness of 2 meters and a height of 4 meters, it can circle the earth for more than one week. Therefore, it is well-deserved to call the Great Wall of Wan Li, China a miracle of the world.
On the Great Wall near Bohai Sea, at the foot of Yanshan Mountain, there is a magnificent tower, which is very spectacular. This is the famous historical pass-Shanhaiguan, known as the first pass in the world.
Shanhaiguan is located at the junction of North China and Northeast China, bordering Yanshan Mountain in the north and Bohai Sea in the south. Jieshi, which belonged to Youzhou in ancient times, was the main road of political and economic exchanges between the Central Plains and the ethnic minorities in Northeast China. It became a battleground for military strategists in the Middle Ages. During the Han Dynasty, Linyi County was established. 138 1 year, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, ordered the construction of a city pass here, which was called Shanhaiguan. Become a military center to hold the throat fortress in Northeast China and North China. Because of the dangerous terrain, it is known as "the lock and key of the two capitals are unparalleled, and the Great Wall of Wan Li is the first pass".
Mountain-sea relationship is one of the three urban areas in Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province, and now it governs 3 towns and 4 sub-district offices. The total area of the region 192 square kilometers, and the regional population138,000 people. Shanhaiguan has a warm and semi-humid continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons and a pleasant climate. The hottest July average temperature is 24.6 degrees Celsius, the coldest July average temperature is-6. 1 degrees Celsius, and the annual average temperature is 10. 1 degrees Celsius. There is no typhoon and no plum rain, the average annual precipitation is 668. 1mm, the frost-free period is more than 180 days, and the average sunshine hours for many years are 27 15 hours. It is southwest wind in summer and northeast wind in winter. The standard frozen soil depth in this area is 0.85 meters ... Shanhaiguan has excellent three-dimensional traffic conditions by sea, land and air. Shen Jing expressway, 102 national highway, 205 national highway, Jingshan and shenshan railway all meet here. Shen Jing expressway exit is only 5 kilometers away from the urban area, and it takes only 2 hours and 3 hours from Shanhaiguan to Jingshen respectively. Shanhaiguan Railway Station is a special station, located in the middle section of Beijing-Shenyang Railway and Beijing-Shenyang High-speed Railway Passenger Dedicated Line. Shanhaiguan Civil Aviation Airport is located 3 kilometers southwest of the city, which can take off and land large and medium-sized passenger planes and lead to Shanghai, Guangzhou, Harbin, Xi 'an and other cities 15, and is ready to open other domestic and international routes. There are four deep-water berths at Shanchuan Wharf near Lincheng District, which is a good working area for loading domestic and foreign goods. Qinhuangdao Port, the second largest port in China, is located at 15km west of the urban area, which is the largest energy export port in the world, with an annual cargo throughput of over 1 100 million tons, and has business dealings with ports in 109 countries and regions in the world. Shanhaiguan's three industries have reasonable layout, optimized structure and stable quality, and the industries have formed many industries and categories such as shipbuilding, railway bridges, mechanical processing and metal processing. Agriculture is a suburb, driven by leading enterprises, and fruits and vegetables rank first in the world; Tourism is booming, "expanding to Shan Ye, extending to the ocean, and tapping the potential of the ancient city". Ticket revenue has been more than 50 million yuan for five consecutive years, making it a pillar industry.
Shanhaiguan is an important part of the Great Wall. Yanshan Mountain in the north, Bohai Sea in the east and the throat leading to North China in the northeast. Its geographical location is very important. Usually it is a passport for economic and cultural exchanges inside and outside the customs; Wartime is a battleground for military strategists. Predecessors used the poem "The First Pass of the Great Wall in Wan Li" to describe its peril. It is appropriate to compare it to the key between Yanjing (Beijing) and Shengjing (Shenyang). Shanhaiguan is called "the first pass in the world" because of its dangerous terrain, exquisite architecture and remarkable function. At that time, Shanhaiguan Guancheng was more than 4 kilometers in circumference, surrounded by a moat with a width of 16 meters and a depth of 8 meters and a height of 12 meters. There are closed doors on all sides of the city, and its east gate is called "Town East", which is "the first pass in the world". Luocheng was built in the east and west of the gate, and garrison troops were stationed in Yicheng in the north and south of Guancheng, which were horns of each other. Weiyuan City, a few miles away from Guancheng, has auxiliary projects such as beacon towers and enemy stations. These buildings, like the moon and the stars, guard the main building, Shanhaiguan Guancheng, forming a complete defense engineering system, playing the role of an important town east of the Great Wall, and embodying the outstanding architectural art and military talents of the working people in ancient China.
On the East Gate Tower of Shanhaiguan, there is a "No.1 Pass in the World" plaque, each word is as high as 1.6 meters, and the brushwork is dignified and vigorous. The artistic style of the plaque is in harmony with the architectural pattern of Guanshanguan, which makes the whole tower look more strange and handsome.
Climb the "first pass in the world" tower, facing the Bohai Sea in the south, with white waves and vast smoke waves; Climb the Great Wall in the north, winding and undulating, magnificent. On the undulating wall over there, every few hundred meters, there are enemy towers towering into the sky. Boarding the tower, overlooking the nearby watchtower and beacon tower, staring at the cold light of the weapons and armor displayed in the tower, I suddenly felt that the high city was thick and heavily fortified, as if I were in an ancient battlefield.
The Great Wall of Wan Li, the giant head of the Black Dragon, is located on the Bohai Sea 4 kilometers south of Shanhaiguan. The Great Wall winds from Guancheng to the south, turns sharply at the South Haikou, runs parallel to the coast, and ends in Ninghai City on Laolongtou Mountain. Today, at the dragon head, we can still see that the Great Wall is often hit by waves, and it is difficult for wood and stones to remain strong for a long time. So the craftsmen fixed the sand with iron pots and laid bricks on it. Now the old faucet and its nearby wall have been repaired. The terrain here is high, the sea and the sky are the same, the trees are lush, and the air is cool and humid. It is an ideal place to climb and look at the sea.
Near Shanhaiguan, there is also the Mengjiangnv Temple built according to historical legends. According to legend, Meng Jiangnu crossed Qian Shan to send her husband cold clothes. When she came to the site to repair the Great Wall, she heard that her husband was exhausted and heartbroken. For three days and nights, she cried for a section of the Great Wall. Later generations built the Notre Dame Temple (commonly known as Jiangnu Temple) in memory of her. Mengjiangnv Temple is located at the top of Fenghuang Mountain in the east of Shanhaiguan. There are four buildings in the temple: the gate, the front hall, the back hall and the clothing cabinet. There is a statue of Meng Jiangnu in the front hall, dressed in blue plain clothes, looking at the South China Sea with a sad face. There are boys and girls standing on both sides of the statue of Meng Jiangnu. There is a stone of hope behind the house. For thousands of years, Meng Jiangnv's poems, operas, legends and songbooks about the Great Wall have been widely circulated, adding tragic color to the ancient Great Wall custom.
Looking from the Mengjiangnu Temple to the southeast sea, there are a group of grotesque reefs exposed on the sea, among which a huge reef resembling a human figure stands in the rough sea, which is the folklore "Jiangnu Tomb". According to historical records, several emperors in China's history, such as Qin Shihuang, Liu Xuan, Emperor Wudi, Cao Cao, Wei Wudi and Emperor Taizong Li Shimin, who unified China, visited Jieshi, leaving famous remains and poems. 1986, six sites of large palaces in Qin and Han dynasties were discovered in Wanjiaxiang, Suizhong County, which is 5 kilometers away from Shanhaiguan 15. Coincidentally, the remains of a group of large buildings have also been found in the south of Hengshan Mountain, Beidaihe District, southwest of Shanhaiguan. According to the investigation, it is inferred that the ruins of these two sides and three mountains are probably the palaces of Qin Shihuang during his eastward expedition. It used to be said that Qinhuangdao was named after Qin Shihuang's arrival here, but now there is a solid basis, but where is Jieshi? There have been different opinions in the past. With the discovery of the ruins of Qin Shihuang's palace, the eternal mystery of "Eastern Jieshi" has been uncovered. Jiangnvfen Reef, located in the sea, is only 400 meters away from the coastline next to the site of Qin Wangfu in Suizhong County. According to the research of archaeologists, the "Jiangnv Tomb" is the famous "Jieshi" in history. This discovery makes Shanhaiguan scenic spot more attractive.