Teaching objectives
Knowledge and ability: Understand the content of the text as a whole and describe the four seasons scenery of the Three Gorges in vivid and concise language.
Process and Methods: Searching water mirror notes and related materials of Li Daoyuan.
Emotion, attitude and values: Feel the magnificent scenery of the motherland and the author's deep feelings of loving the motherland.
Teaching focus
The author describes the different scenery of the four seasons from different angles.
Teaching difficulties
Enjoy the scenery from different angles.
Teaching time
2 class hours.
teaching process
First, scene import
Have you ever been to the Three Gorges? Which Three Gorges are the Three Gorges? (Please ask the students you know to answer)
The Three Gorges is the general name of Qutang Gorge, Wuxia Gorge and Xiling Gorge, which is located between fengjie county, Sichuan Province and Yichang County, Hubei Province in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. A canyon is a place where two mountains meet with water. The Three Gorges is a part of the river. In ancient times, the Yangtze River was called a river, with a total length of 6,299 kilometers, making it the third longest river in the world. It originates from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and flows through the relatively flat Sichuan Basin. Suddenly I met the Wushan area in eastern Sichuan and western Hubei with higher altitude. The water had to pass through a canyon with many beaches and narrow riverbeds, which formed the wonderful scenery of the Three Gorges. After leaving the Three Gorges, the Yangtze River continued eastward and sailed for the East China Sea. Among the many scenic spots along the Yangtze River, the Three Gorges is famous for its grandeur.
Second, grasp the text as a whole and appreciate it.
Is the Three Gorges excerpted from Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics? Jiang Shui is an exquisite essay describing the water potential of the Three Gorges and the scenery on both sides of the strait. The content of the article is like landscape painting after landscape painting. When reading carefully, there will be shining beauty points coming into our eyes from time to time. In this extremely short space of more than 150 words, the author shows infinite scenery, which means "thousands of miles in size".
The first paragraph of the article is only 33 words, but it is a panoramic view. He always writes about the grandeur of mountains, outlines the steepness of the Three Gorges in 700 miles, and depicts the magnificence of continuous peaks, confrontation across the river and long mountains and gorges. It's just a sum of money, and the views have changed a lot. It seems that only by looking down can we get a panoramic view of the length of the Three Gorges. "The mountains on both sides of the strait are connected, and nothing is lacking" is a long-term perspective to write about towering mountains; "Layers of rocks overlap, covering the sky" is written to the depth of the canyon, and there is a clear feeling of looking up from the bottom up. It is also cleverly set off from the side. "Since it is midnight in the pavilion, I can't see the rising moon" is well written-looking up at the sky, even the most brilliant things in the world are hard to see. Isn't this mountain very high? Isn't this canyon deep?
The second paragraph is about the river in summer. From the writing point of view, the author used the method of "spreading layer by layer" to write the water beautifully. On the first floor, write the spectacular scene of rising water and blocking the road with "upstream"; However, this is not enough, and write the second floor, using a special case of "being a white emperor in the morning and going to Jiangling at dusk" to describe the speed of water; However, this is not enough. Another stroke, suppose that "riding against the wind" is strongly set off from the side again compared with the fast flow rate. Among these strokes, the most beautiful sentence is "morning in Baidicheng, dusk in Jiangling", which not only describes the speed of water in a short time and a long distance, but also makes us imagine the surging and roaring of the Three Gorges River, which makes us feel the pleasure of flying down, rushing down and swaying in a small wooden boat, and reminds us of Li Bai's great aesthetic feeling.
The third paragraph is about the river scenery in spring and winter. At this time, the four seasons are different, the water recedes from the lake, and the mountains and rivers are beautiful. Compared with summer, it is a landscape. This paragraph seems to be an extremely beautiful corner selected by the frame, and then it is vividly drawn with exquisite workmanship and carefully dyed. It seems that the author is using this close and detailed description to show the beauty of the Three Gorges and the rivers around. This beautiful corner is three-dimensional and patchwork. There is a deep pool at the bottom, but it is too monotonous to write about the deep pool, so you should write about the reflection in the pool; The height is unique, but the writing is still single, and it is even strange to write; Coupled with several "hanging spring waterfalls", let them "fly in the middle", which is another magnificent scene. This beautiful corner is moist and energetic. Look at the "green pool", the white is the rapids, and the green is the deep pools; If you look at the "clear reflection" again, it is a clear wave spinning, a shaking and fuzzy object shadow; Not to mention the ups and downs and splashing "Diaoquan Waterfall". They even let us hear the sound of water, and even let us feel the tiny water drops floating on our cheeks with the wind. In this clear water, lush trees, steep mountains and lush grass, among this vibrant landscape, who said that it is not "endless fun"?
The beauty of the Three Gorges lies in the distant fishing songs. The fourth paragraph is particularly emotional and artistic. It describes the desolation of autumn scenery. Judging from the full text, the author must describe autumn scenery after writing summer, spring and winter, and pay attention to choosing different angles when writing autumn scenery. So, when he finished writing about mountains, deep canyons, rapids and clear water, he mobilized his pen and made a stroke for the tall apes in the cold forest. After describing the grandeur, precipitousness and beauty, he tried to show the cold, and after describing the shape and color, he did not ignore the voice of writing. So far, the author has presented us with the magical beauty of the Three Gorges from many angles and in all directions. So no matter from which point of view, the description of this paragraph is wonderful and can make people have a long aftertaste. But what is better and more beautiful is the fishing song, which seems handy and cleverly decorated. Originally, Lin Su was sad enough, The Echo of the Empty Valley and The Whistling of the High Apes were sad enough, and The Mourning of the Crow was also chilling enough for the listeners. However, the phrase "The Wuxia Gorge in the Three Gorges of Badong is long, and the ape cries three times and tears touch the petticoats" suddenly sublimates this bleak and cold environment, which sings the sad mood of travelers in the shrill cry of apes, and sets off the desolation of autumn scenery, giving people a lingering feeling. At this time, the description has reached the realm of "scene blending". If it is said that "scenery" was written before this, it has already shown "amorous feelings" here; If it used to be "scenery", it has been written here with the taste of "meaning". After writing landscapes, the author turned his brush strokes to "apes" and "people", thus deepening the artistic conception of the article, which is the author's wonderful pen.
Third, explore the text.
1. What are the characteristics of the full text in paragraph structure?
The first and last three paragraphs can be divided into two parts. The former part summarizes the situation of the Three Gorges, and the latter part describes the scenery of the four seasons in the Three Gorges. Landscape description highlights mountains, and landscape description mainly describes scenery such as water. When you write about mountains, you can feel the water. For example, write about the water on both sides of the strait, and don't forget the mountains. Such as Ling and Empty Valley. Writing mountains and water in this way, although each has its own emphasis, can still set off the relationship between mountains and rivers, and can also reflect the characteristics of the "gorge" between two mountains and water.
2. Why should we arrange the four seasons like this?
In the part of scenery description, the four seasons are described, but not in the order of spring, summer, autumn and winter, but first in summer, then in winter and spring, and finally in autumn. This arrangement runs through the clue that there is more water in summer, less water in autumn and similar water conditions in winter and spring.
Fourth, summarize the full text.
The author's description of the situation of the Three Gorges and the scenery of the four seasons is a compliment to the magnificent rivers and mountains of the motherland, which can arouse readers' yearning and love for such magnificent and wonderful landscapes of the motherland.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) expansion and extension
After reading the second natural passage in Ouyang Xiu's Drunk Pavilion, what are the characteristics of the hierarchical structure of this part of the scenery?
"Three Gorges" Teaching Plan II
Teaching objective: 1. Read the text clearly, dredge the main idea of the article and recite it in class.
2. Learn to accumulate keywords.
3. Taste the language of the article, expand the imagination and appreciate the artistic conception of the work.
4. Experience the author's appreciation of the unique beauty of the Three Gorges.
Teaching focus
Compare notes, dredge the meaning, expand imagination, taste language, read repeatedly and recite in class.
Teaching time
One class.
teaching process
I. Introduction
Play the song "Children of Three Gorges Love Three Gorges". This is a song about the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. Today, let's follow the pen of Li Daoyuan, a geographer of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and visit the majestic Three Gorges of the Yangtze River.
Second, the overall grasp
1. Read the text and circle the difficult words.
2. Students read silently and draw their favorite sentences. Think about what aspects of the Three Gorges natural landscape the author described and what feelings the author expressed.
Students cooperate and talk about the reasons. Obviously, the Three Gorges mainly describes the natural landscape of the Three Gorges from two aspects: mountains and water, and expresses the author's endless admiration for the beautiful scenery of the Three Gorges.
Third, learn to understand.
1. Read the text freely and master the pronunciation and meaning of the following words.
(1) Nothing is missing: a song record, which means "missing".
⑵ Backward blocking: Si goes upstream.
(3) Heavy rock: zhàng, a towering and steep mountain peak, is like a barrier.
(4) riding against the wind: bèn, here refers to the galloping horse.
5] I didn't see the rising moon: xι, sunshine, here refers to the sun.
[6] Sutuan Qingtang: tuān, rapids.
(7) launching Xiangling: xiāng, up.
A strange cypress: y m n, a steep cliff or mountain peak.
Pet-name ruby was washed away during flight and washing.
⑽ Rong Qing Junmao: jùn, high and steep.
⑾ Genus causes sadness: zhǔ, continuous.
⑿ resistance along the back: y m n, sù downstream; Go upstream.
2. Read the text carefully and taste the language.
Read the text together and underline the sentences that describe the characteristics of mountains and water.
In groups of four, exchange relevant sentences and cooperate in translation.
Communicate with the whole class. On the basis of keeping the original appearance of the article, talk about the beauty of the Three Gorges landscape in my own words. From this, we can appreciate the exquisiteness of the author's words and make people have rich imagination.
Teachers grasp the key words and complete the blackboard writing in the expression of classmates. (slide show)
There are mountains on both sides of the mountain, without gaps.
The mountains and rocks are green, the sky is obscure and the sun shadow is magnificent.
Water is in summer and water is in Xiangling, and it is unrestrained along the back (summer).
Rong Qing Junmao, very fun (spring and winter) comely.
Lin Hanjian Su, sad for a long time (autumn) sad.
Summary: The author first wrote the overall features of the Three Gorges, and then grasped the most distinctive time of the Three Gorges-summer, spring and winter, first frost, peak, swift river, clear water, waterfalls, piercing apes, sad fishing songs and the wonders of the Three Gorges, and described them vividly. The added words vividly show the charm of the scenery. Write the unique beauty of the Three Gorges-unrestrained beauty, elegant beauty and sad beauty.
Read the text again, think about the problem, and the students question it.
Possible questions are:
(1) Why "midnight from the pavilion, no sunrise"?
Why doesn't the author write water in the order of seasonal changes?
(3) Why is there a "memorial to Bai Di, going to Jiangling at dusk" when "Xiangling is blocked along the back in summer"?
Qing: It means that the river is narrow, the peaks on both sides of the river are connected, the cliffs are opposite, and only a trace of sky can be seen under the mountain.
Because of the water characteristics of the Three Gorges, and the water is full of summer water, so write summer water first.
Although "following behind", "the king's orders" cannot be violated, so people who risk their lives should also risk sailing.
Extended and comparative reading:
The First Release of Baidicheng and The Three Gorges are the same: they both describe the scenery of the Three Gorges, the former is poetry and the latter is travel prose. Try to find the sentences corresponding to the poem and write the same scenery in the text.
The second paragraph of the article is consistent with the first, second and fourth sentences of this poem, which all show that the water flow in the Three Gorges is extremely fast in summer; The fourth paragraph of the article corresponds to the third sentence of the poem, all about continuous ape singing; The first paragraph of the article corresponds to "Chung Shan Man" in the poem.
Introduction: recitation contest. The group chooses a representative with his back to the big screen, which displays the content of the article in the form of a scroll bar, which can be repeated several times.
Fourth, experience and reflection.
This article tells the magnificent wonders of the Three Gorges and inspires us to love the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. Please recite the full text with this feeling and learn how to write a travel note about mountains and rivers.
Clarity: grasp the characteristics of the scenery and write the scenery from various angles; Seize the different seasons and write the scenery by combining static and dynamic methods; Gather your deep feelings to write about the scenery.
Thinking: The Three Gorges Project is being implemented. Some people think it will ruin the beauty of the Three Gorges. Please talk about your own views.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) assigns homework.
Recite the text and write your opinions in the exercise book.
Three Gorges teaching plan 3
design principle
The content is simple, the language is fluent, concise and lively, suitable for reading. Therefore, there is no need to do too much analysis in teaching, focusing on reading and appreciation. Teachers can guide students to read aloud according to their actual level, organize students to study independently in a cooperative way, experience the spirit of the new curriculum standard, initially learn to study articles in a "research-oriented" way, and cultivate students' ability to study independently.
Teaching focus
Grasp the sentences describing the characteristics of the scenery in the text and stimulate students' love for the great rivers and mountains of the motherland; Taste the original ideas, refined language and exquisite pictures of the article.
Teaching difficulties
Aesthetic analysis of articles: conception, material and layout
teaching method
It is determined to be a "literature appreciation course". Give students translation before class, let them learn independently, communicate with teachers and students in class, and discuss the characteristics of scenery description.
teaching process
First, import the text.
1. Play a documentary showing the beauty of the Three Gorges with multimedia and explain it with concise words.
2. After the appreciation, the teacher pointed out: Now, the high gorge leaves Pinghu, and the beautiful scenery of the Three Gorges more than 20 years ago is gradually disappearing. Maybe one day, we can only capture its preciseness and beauty in movies or vague memories. Today, let's follow in Li Daoyuan's footsteps and enjoy the scenery of the Three Gorges thousands of years ago.
Second, read the text and understand the meaning.
First, please read freely, read the correct pronunciation combined with the text notes, read the sentences along the text and understand the meaning.
Listening to the teacher recite the text with admiration and praise, the students learned to read.
Students can communicate freely on the contents that are difficult to understand and understand in the text.
Third, the problem situation design, teachers and students to explore together.
(1) problem situation.
1. Beautiful writing and vivid description. How does the author grasp the scenic features of the Three Gorges to describe it?
2. The natural scenery of the Three Gorges, with mountains and water and different seasons, traces the past, analyzes the present situation and looks forward to the future. What do you have in mind?
(2) communication and dialogue
1. Dialogue between teachers and students
Topic 1: "Three Gorges" writes mountains first, then water. What are the characteristics of writing mountains? Write water, in which season? Why?
Clear: the article always writes mountains first: the mountains are high and continuous; The four seasons of water are different, and the focus is on summer water: summer water is the fastest, most sensitive and most representative.
Topic 2: The Three Gorges uses many wonderful words in the scenery of the four seasons. Try to find your favorite word and make a brief analysis.
Qing: the scenery of spring and summer: the number of "element", "green", "Qing" and "shadow"; Writing about autumn scenery: The characters of "cold", "sad" and "sad" vividly show the charm of the scenery. Among them, "Su", "Qing" and "Qing" focus on the color of water, while "Cold", "Su", "Sorrow" and "Mourning" contain the author's thoughts and feelings, which are typical words like "borrowing scenery to express feelings".
2. Dialogue between students and teachers
Topic 1: The Three Gorges language is concise, with only 155 words, but it contains the scenery of the four seasons, listing landscapes, vegetation and clear shadows. Why can you achieve such an effect?
Clarity: (1) The material of the article is first large and then small, first generalized and then divided, and the level is clear; (2) The author is good at grasping the characteristics of scenery, choosing representative scenery and making a refined description.
Topic 2: The third paragraph of the text, "Su Turbulent Green Pool, Clear Reflection", is translated as "Snow-white rapids, green pools, rolling clear waves, reflecting the shadows of various scenery."
Imagine: the snow-white torrent is swift and turbulent, which can turn around and clear the waves, but how can it reflect the shadows of various scenery? Is there anything wrong with this translation?
Clear: There is something wrong with this translation. The original sentence uses the rhetorical device of "parallel mention" in classical Chinese (also called "parallel statement"), that is, in order to make the sentence compact and concise, the ancients expressed two related things in one sentence, which could not be translated word by word. We should find out the collocation relationship between words or phrases from the perspective of text meaning. For example, "eyes and ears are smart" should be "ears and eyes are bright". Accordingly, the translation of this sentence should be: snow-white rapids, rolling clear waves; The green pool reflects the shadows of all kinds of scenery.
Dialogue between students
Topic 1: The second paragraph of the text "or the urgent announcement of the king's orders" does not seem to belong to describing natural scenery. What's the use here?
The author uses this example to describe the rapidity of the river.
Topic 2: The characteristics of Three Gorges Mountain are highlighted at the beginning of the article. What words can confirm this characteristic?
Clear: the words "Jue Long", "Jun", "Lin Han Jian Su" and "Empty Valley" can be determined.
Teacher-student dialogue and works
Topic 1: Li Daoyuan writes about the scenery of the Three Gorges, and most of his pen and ink is about water, which is the focus of the article. Then can we adjust the order of writing mountains and water?
Clear: This reflects the clever layout of the article. There is a scientific basis for mountains before water. Only with the specific topography of mountains and high mountains can the rapid water potential of rivers be generated. Mountain is the cause, water is the fruit. Because decisive, mountains are always written separately, and water is also written separately, and the order cannot be changed.
Topic 2: Although there are only 155 words, the description of the scenery is vivid and striking. Now let's examine and comment on the beauty of this text with appreciation. (You can start from the perspectives of language, structure and description)
Clarity: (for example) the beauty of description:
(1) Positive description: "The two sides of the strait are connected with mountains, and everything is indispensable; The image of "the boulder is heavy, covering the sky and the sun" generally describes the geomorphological characteristics of the Three Gorges;
(2) Side contrast: The phrase "From the pavilion at night, there is no rising moon" reflects the mountains of the Three Gorges, which are endless and cover the sky.
Fourth, expand research.
1. Imitate the writing in the second paragraph of Three Gorges and write the scenery of spring breeze.
2. Collect information about the Three Gorges after class and try to compare the Three Gorges in ancient and modern times.
3. After class, read Wu Yun's "With Zhu Yishu" and Su Shi's "Night Tour in Chengtian Temple" and other beautiful classical Chinese, and try to compare them with the scenery.
4. Collect information about the Three Gorges after class and start a discussion about the landscape protection of the Three Gorges. Themes can be designed as:
(1) Is it to protect the natural scenery of the Three Gorges or to continuously develop and utilize the water resources of the Three Gorges?
(2) In today's deteriorating environment, how to maintain and continue the unique charm of the Three Gorges?
Random thoughts on teaching
"Three Gorges" is a text in the new textbook of 8th grade published by People's Education Press. In these two classes, we focus on how to make students explore the characteristics of China's classical scenery and writing independently on the basis of self-study. First, let students get perceptual knowledge from documentaries describing the scenery of the Three Gorges, produce positive and beautiful feelings, form a psychological tendency of loving questions, being willing to explore and studying hard, and then stimulate them to use what they have learned to solve practical problems, and have a strong desire for discovery and innovation.
Properly "handling" teaching materials is the starting point to guide students to learn to learn. We selected two parts: "Appreciation of Three Gorges Scenery" and "Characteristics of Three Gorges Full-text Writing" to let students appreciate and discuss, and feel the artistic beauty of the article, which successfully stimulated students' interest in exploring classical Chinese writing in extracurricular landscape writing.
According to the above ideas, we arranged three links in class.
The first link: citation in the text. By playing the multimedia compilation of the scenery of the Three Gorges, the students became interested and inspired their admiration for the great rivers and mountains of the motherland.
The second link: read the text aloud. This link is not only a test of students' self-study of the text before class, but also a method of combining pictures and texts, so that students can further understand the main contents of the text. At the same time, through reading aloud, strengthen students' understanding of the beauty of rhythm, language and artistic conception of prose.
The third link: study the text. This link is the key. Starting from the "problem situation" and adopting the "topic-based" teaching design mode, this paper conducts a dialogue with four different objects on the writing characteristics of the full text. This paper discusses the scenery characteristics, key words, material selection effect, sentence translation and writing skills of the article.
These three links can be summarized in concise language as follows:
Using multimedia to introduce the text (stimulate interest)-→ read the text (feel the content)-→ study the text (learn to appreciate).
"Gain" and "Loss" in the Teaching Process
(1) get
1. This class creates a learning environment of "integration of graphics and text". By showing the documentary about the scenery of the Three Gorges, students have a clear perceptual knowledge of the unfamiliar Three Gorges, which is more conducive to their reading and appreciation of the article. Students can find the corresponding pictures from the text and understand the sentences in the text from the corresponding pictures. Illustrated with pictures and texts is a method of classical Chinese teaching under the new curriculum reform.
2. Choose key points, make students' learning objectives clear, and break the traditional classical Chinese teaching.
The way of "sentence implementation, sentence translation" Let students learn independently according to the text and translation, cultivate students' ability to read simple classical Chinese independently, and enhance their ability to learn independently.
3. Make a breakthrough in implementing the key points and difficulties of the article, and conduct various explorations to let students understand the landscape characteristics and writing characteristics of classical Chinese prose, so that students can understand the text content more deeply, and the effectiveness of teaching is obviously strengthened.
4. Realize the concept of independent research in Chinese classroom learning. The first is to explore the learning process. The whole teaching process is a process in which students take the "Three Gorges" as the "origin", constantly discover new points of interest, and constantly explore and study, rather than a process completely arranged by teachers in advance. Secondly, it is characterized by students' personalized autonomous learning. Under the guidance of teachers, students explore problems independently, and then cooperate with the research group (four people as a group) to share resources, exchange and discuss, form a relatively concentrated view of the research group, and conduct multi-directional public exchanges in the classroom.
(2) Loss
These two classes are an attempt to carry out "research study" in rural middle schools. It takes a slow process for students to change from "receptive learning" to "research learning" at once. Therefore, students should be allowed to learn the original text and translation by themselves first, so that they can enter a "receptive learning" situation first, and then conduct "research learning" on this basis. Otherwise, it will affect the whole teaching effect.
Students seldom do this research before, and there are many shortcomings in the research level. If you can't ask questions around the teaching objectives; The depth of the problem needs further hints from the teacher; The ability of rational generalization is poor when answering questions, and teachers need to make a better summary.
It is difficult for teachers to accurately grasp the problem design and time allocation in all aspects of teaching. The main performance is that after the question is put forward, there is a big gap between students at different levels in understanding and accepting; There is not enough time for students to exchange and discuss in class and present personalized research results.
Under the guidance of the new curriculum standards, there will inevitably be some problems in the flexible use of new textbooks. Therefore, the new problems need to be better adjusted and improved in the future specific teaching.