Tao Yuanming's "Returning to the Garden" has five songs, and this is the third one. On the surface, this poem is about the joy of pastoral work, and it shows the thought of seclusion in the mountains; But comparing this poem with other poems, the author's "wish" actually has its special connotation.
when planting beans in the south mountain, the grass is full of beans and the seedlings are sparse.
These two sentences are written in the foot of Nanshan, where beans are planted, and the grass is lush but the bean seedlings are sparse. The first sentence is very plain, just like an old farmer standing there talking, which makes people feel very cordial.
in the morning, you should make good use of waste and filth, and bring home the lotus with you.
In order not to make the bean field barren, the poet went to the ground early in the morning and came back in the moonlight at night. Although it is very hard, he doesn't complain, which can be seen from the beautiful scenery of "returning with the moon lotus hoe".
the road is narrow and the vegetation is long, and my clothes are exposed in the evening.
clothes are not enough to cherish, but you can keep your wish.
the road is narrow and the grass is long, and the clothes are exposed in the evening, but what's a pity if the clothes are wet? This sentence seems dull, but this dullness just reflects the ending sentence "but make the wish not violate", which makes the "wish not violate" fully emphasized. The "wish" here contains the meaning of not losing yourself in the dirty real world.
the language in this poem is very plain and natural. "Planting beans in the south of the mountain" and "dew on my clothes" came out casually without any modification. This natural and plain poem is integrated into the artistic conception of the whole poem, which makes the spoken language become a poem, unifies the plain spoken language and the poetic mellow beauty harmoniously, and forms the artistic characteristics of Tao Shi's plain and mellow beauty.
Tao poetry is plain and full of interest. The interest of Tao poetry comes from freehand brushwork. "Take the moon and hoe home", although the poet who returned from labor was alone, he was accompanied by a bright moon. The poet under the moon, with a hoe on his shoulder, walks through waist-deep grass. What a beautiful picture of returning to farming on a moonlit night! It is filled with the poet's happy mood and the pride of seclusion.
the plain words of "planting beans under the south mountain" and the beautiful words of "returning home with the lotus on the moon"; The former sentence is solid, and the latter sentence is empty. The whole poem is soft and perfect under the mutual complement of plain and beautiful, real and virtual scenes.