A Textual Research on Li Bai's Song of Lushan Mountain in Xuzhou, Shandong Province
I am like a chariot catcher, singing phoenix songs and laughing at Kong Qiu.
Holding a green jade stick in his hand, he bid farewell to the famous Yellow Crane Tower early in the morning.
All five holy mountains, no distance, according to a constant habit in my life.
Against the backdrop of Nandou, Lushan Mountain is shrouded in clouds, like nine screens, reflected in the Crystal Lake, deepening the clear water.
The Golden Gate leads to two mountains, and a silver stream hangs down to three stone bridges.
Within sight of the huge tripod waterfall, the wall frame of the cliff and the winding path lead to the blue sky.
The morning glow is red in Cui Yun, and the birds fly and grow.
Between the sky above and the sky below, the river is gone forever.
The sky is grey and windy, and the river flows like a snow-capped mountain.
I like singing for the majestic Lushan Mountain, which thrives because of its scenery.
When looking at the stone mirror to purify the soul, Xie Lingyun's footprints were covered with moss.
I will take the elixir of life to eliminate the world and practice the three Dan and three products.
Watching immortals in colorful clouds, holding hibiscus in hand.
Immortals have met in nine days, and I hope to see you invite me to visit Taiwan.
This poem came to Jiangxi from Hankou in the second year after the poet returned from exile. This poem not only describes the beauty and magic of Lushan Mountain, but also mainly shows the poet's wild and unruly character. The poet at that time had gone through a lot of hardships, and he was always unwilling to bow to the reality that tortured him. The mood of seeking immortality and learning Taoism is even more urgent.
Li Bai wrote this poem when he visited Lushan Mountain from Jiangxia (now Wuchang, Hubei Province) to Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province) in 760 AD (the first year of the reign of Su Zong Shang Yuan). Lu Xuzhou, whose name is Zhen, was born in john young (now Daxing County, Beijing). Su Zong was an imperial envoy in the temple at that time. According to legend, "he has a reputation for incorruptibility" (see Wang Qi quoting Li Hua's "On the Three Sages" in Qing Dynasty), and he once traveled with Li Bai in Lushan Mountain.
"I am a madman in Chu, and he sang a crazy song to refute Confucius." The first sentence is classic, and the first sentence clearly expresses my thoughts: I am like Chu, singing phoenix songs and laughing. Confucius once went to Chu to lobby the king of Chu. Jie Yu sang beside the car: "Phoenix is like a phoenix, why does it fail?" Don't remonstrate with the past, you can still chase after the coming! Already! Already! Today's politicians are at stake! "(The Analects of Confucius) laughed at Confucius' obsession as an official. Li Bai compared himself with Chu Kuang, expressed his disappointment with the political future, and proposed to visit famous mountains and live in seclusion like Chu Kuang. "Phoenix Song" is a classic with accurate words, profound content and rich sense of life experience. The poem said, "The Yellow Crane Tower got up in the morning, holding a green jade staff, and it has passed. All five holy mountains, regardless of distance, follow a constant habit in my life. " The poet expressed his itinerary in the colors full of myths and legends: he left the Yellow Crane Tower in Chenxi Yu with a walking stick embedded with jade for immortals. Why did you come to Lushan Mountain? Because "it's good to visit famous mountains." The last two poems can be said to be a vivid portrayal of Li Bai's life, and also reveal the poet's reclusive feelings of seeking immortality and visiting Taoism.
The above is the first paragraph, which is a prelude. Then in the second paragraph, the poet painted the magnificent scenery of Lushan Mountain and Yangtze River with great colors. First, write an article with a bird's eye view of the mountain: "Lushan Mountain is showing off by Nandou, and the clouds reach the silk nine-sided screen. Its shadow in Crystal Lake deepens the green water." The ancients believed that the stars in the sky belonged to the countries on the ground, and Lushan was the dividing line of Nandou. Jiudieping Scenic Resort refers to the nine Dieyun screens in the northeast of Wulao Peak in Lushan Mountain. Three sentences mean: Lushan Mountain is beautiful and tall, towering into the clouds; The trees are green, the mountains are full of flowers, and the Nine Dieyun Curtain unfolds like splendid clouds; The lake, the mountains and the shadows set off the beautiful scenery. The above is a sketch, showing the majesty of Lushan Mountain. It is recorded in detail below: "The Golden Gate opens two ridges, and Silverstream hangs three stone bridges. You can see the majestic three-legged waterfall, backed by the cliff and green. " Jinque, Saint Liang Shi, censers and waterfalls are all places of interest in Lushan Mountain. These four sentences are described from the perspective of looking up: there are two peaks in front of Jinque Rock, and the third Liang Shi Waterfall, like an upside-down galaxy, flies down, far away from Xianglufeng Waterfall, where cliffs surround and peaks overlap, reaching the sky. Then, the pen gesture suddenly fell again, and the panoramic view was: "There is a cloud in Asahi, and birds can't fly into Wu." The sun rises, and the sky is covered with Xia Hong and green mountains. The mountain is so steep that even birds can't fly; Standing on the top of the mountain and looking east, it is really endless. Poets use pens to change intricately, circuitously and uniquely, and write layer by layer, making the magnificent and beautiful mountains and rivers vivid and charming.
Then, the poet climbed to the top and described the majestic momentum of the Yangtze River with huge sums of money: "I climbed to the top. I look around the world, and the great river is gone forever. The yellow cloud was blown away by the wind for hundreds of miles, and a snow peak was surrounded by a vortex with nine times the current. " Jiu Lu, the old saying goes that the Yangtze River flows to Xunyang and is divided into nine tributaries. Snow-capped mountains describe Bai Bo as surging and piling up mountains. These words mean: climb the peak of Lushan Mountain and look around, only to see the mighty Yangtze River, which pours straight into the East China Sea and never returns; Wanli Huangyun is floating, and the sky is changing rapidly; Nine sects are mighty, and Bai Bo is surging like a cloud, with waves as high as snow-capped mountains. The poet is full of lofty sentiments and pen and ink, and writes the scenery of the Yangtze River in a lofty realm. How magnificent! The beauty of nature inspired the great poet's infinite poetry: "So I sang a song of Lushan Mountain, a song born of the breath of Lushan Mountain. Every stone mirror makes the heart clean and purer, and Xie Gongxing has no moss outside. " Stone mirror, according to legend, there is a huge hanging rock in the east of Lushan Mountain, which is bright and clean and human. Xie Gong, Xie Lingyun in the Southern Song Dynasty, tasted Hukou in Peng Li and climbed Lushan Mountain, with the poem "Climbing the Cliff and Looking at the Stone Mirror" ("Xie Ji Entering Hukou"). Li Bai returned to Lushan Mountain after the frustration of the Yongwanglin incident, and he couldn't help feeling deeply. These four sentences mean: I love to write Lushan ballads, and my poetry is inspired by Lushan Mountain. Take a leisurely look at the stone mirror and feel refreshed. The place where Xie Lingyun walked is now covered with moss. Life is impermanent, and great events are hard to happen again. Li Bai couldn't help but have the idea of seeking immortality and visiting Taoism, hoping to get rid of reality and solve inner contradictions.
"I have taken the fairy pill and got rid of the troubles of the world. Before the third performance of Qin, I have achieved my goal." Returning Dan, the so-called Taoist elixir, can "ascend to heaven in the daytime." The three folds of the piano and the heart indicate that Taoist practice is deep and reaches the realm of mind. These two sentences show that the poet fantasizes that one day he can take the elixir of life early, so as to get rid of secular feelings and go to the illusory fairy world: "I watched angels riding colorful clouds from a distance and heading for the Jade City in heaven, holding hibiscus in their hands." Yujing, known as the residence of Buddha in Taoism in the early Yuan Dynasty. The poet seemed to see the fairy in the colorful clouds from a distance, flying to Yujing with lotus in his hand. How the poet longs for such a free world: "So, when I cross the nine parts of the world, I will follow St. Lu Ao to the great purity." In Huai Nan Zi Dao Ying Xun, Lu Ao traveled in the North Sea and met a strange fairy who wanted to make friends with him. The strange fairy smiled and said, "I can't stay with Khan for long." "Into the clouds." Sweating, which means unknowable, is a metaphor for God. Nine days, nine days is too clear, the highest sky. In this poem, Li Bai reversed his meaning and compared himself to a strange fairy. Refers to Xuzhou, Lu, and invites Lu * * * to visit immortals. I, Li Bai, have an appointment with the unknown god nine days ago, and would like to take Lu Ao to visit the fairyland. The poet's imagination seems to fly away with the fairy. The whole poem came to an abrupt end with a leisurely aftertaste.
The ideological content of this poem is complicated, both mocking Confucius and praising Taoism. On the one hand, I hope to get rid of the secular world and pursue a fairy-like life, on the other hand, I miss the reality and love the scenery on earth. The emotion of the poem is heroic and cheerful, full of a spirit of shaking mountains. The imagination is rich and the realm is open, giving people magnificent aesthetic enjoyment. The rhythm of poetry is full of ups and downs with the change of poetic sentiment. Express your feelings and ambitions at the beginning, use deep rhyme, stretch freely, and the tone is steady and slow. The second paragraph describes the scenery of Lushan Mountain, turning to Tangyang rhyme, which is higher than before, high-spirited and mellow. When writing about the magnificent scenery of the Yangtze River, I changed and deleted the mountain rhyme, and my voice was generous and sonorous. Then, the tone suddenly dropped and became a blank moon, expressing the leisure of seeking immortality in seclusion. The voice is weak and urgent, in sharp contrast to the high notes in front, cadence. In the last paragraph, the beautiful fairy world turned into Geng Qingyun, and the tone was improved again, long and comfortable, with a lingering and fascinating sound.