Wang Wei
Being a stranger in a foreign land, I miss my family even more during the festive season.
I know from afar that my brothers have climbed to a high place, and there is one less person planting dogwood trees everywhere.
The poem describes the homesickness of a wanderer. The poet urgently gets to the point at the beginning, writing about the loneliness and desolation of life in a foreign land. Therefore, he is always nostalgic for his hometown and misses his people. When he encounters a good festival, his missing is doubled. Then the poem jumped to write about the brothers far away in their hometown. When they climbed high according to the custom of Double Ninth Festival, they also missed themselves. The poetry jumps repeatedly, is implicit and deep, is simple and natural, and has twists and turns. "On every festive occasion, we miss our loved ones even more" has been a famous saying among wanderers for thousands of years, and has touched the hearts of many wanderers.
3. Feeling homesick at the border
Example
Fisherman’s pride
Fan Zhongyan
The scenery is different in autumn. Hengyang geese left without paying attention. Sounds are heard from all sides, thousands of miles away, long smoke sets, the sun sets, and the lonely city closes.
A glass of wine can lead to a home thousands of miles away, but there is no plan to return home before it is over. The Qiang pipes are covered with frost, people can't sleep, and the general's hair is white and his husband is in tears.
This frontier fortress poem not only expresses the heroism of the general and the hard life of the conscripts, but also implies Fan Zhongyan’s dissatisfaction with the Song Dynasty’s policy of emphasizing domestic affairs over foreign affairs.
4. Embracing someone in the boudoir
Example
Grudge between boudoirs
Wang Changling
The young woman in the boudoir knows no worries , go up to the green building with makeup in spring.
Suddenly seeing the color of willows on the street, I regretted teaching my husband and son-in-law to look for a title.
This is a poem about boudoir resentment, describing the psychological changes of an upper-class lady when she enjoys spring. The first sentence of the poem, contrary to the meaning of the title, describes her "knowing no sorrow": innocent, romantic, and full of fantasy; the second sentence describes her climbing up the stairs to enjoy the spring: childish and ignorant, naive and late-mature; the third sentence turns sharply and writes about sudden sight. The color of the willow evokes emotions: the willow trees are green, the husband has not returned, time has passed, and spring love is easy to lose; four sentences describe her realization: she regretted her mistake of encouraging her husband to seek a title. The poem does not deliberately write about resentment and sorrow, but the depth of resentment and the weight of sorrow are completely exposed.
Example
Treading on the sand
Ouyang Xiu
The plum blossoms in the waiting hall are withered, the willows on the stream bridges are thin, the grass is fragrant and the wind is warm and the bridle is swaying . The sorrow of separation gradually becomes infinite, and the distance continues like spring water.
Every inch of the soft intestine is full of pink tears. Don’t lean on the high building near the dangerous building. Pingwu is full of spring mountains, and travelers are outside the spring mountains.
The lyrics are detached, but the writing style is unique. The upper column was written by the traveler, and the lower column contains the words imagined by the traveler. A kind of separation sorrow, written on both sides, with deep and delicate feelings. The first three sentences describe the distinctive seasonal characteristics of winter and spring. This is originally a season where it is easy to feel life and love, but the two words "waiting for the pavilion" and "Zheng bridle" reveal that the travelers in the poem are in a hurry and have no time to appreciate them.
The sentence "Li Chou" brings out the theme.
The use of "spring water" as a metaphor for sorrow is an implicit reference to Li Yu's "How much sorrow can you have? Just like a river of spring water flowing eastward", but the focus is on a kind of deepening and continuous mutual development. The process of separation sorrow.
Next, imagine how the other person misses you, and you can see your thoughtfulness in your comfort. "Inch of soft intestine, full of pink tears", Gai had witnessed this scene when he parted. But at this moment, one in the boudoir and the other in the waiting room, the sadness is even more than when parting. The sentence "The building is high" is a word of comfort.
Example
Midnight Wu Song
Li Bai
Chang'an is covered with moonlight and the sound of thousands of households pounding their clothes.
The autumn wind never blows away, but there is always love.
On what day will Hu Qian be pacified? The good man will stop his expedition.
The whole poem is written about the wife of her husband who was on an expedition, thinking about her beloved husband on an expedition to the frontier in the autumn night, hoping that the war would end soon and her husband would not have to leave home to go on an expedition. Although it does not write about love directly, every word is permeated with sincere affection; although it does not talk about the current situation, it does not stray away from the current situation. The sentiment and interest are not divorced from the charm of frontier poems.
The capital city under the silvery moon is peaceful on the surface, but the sound of pounding clothes contains the pain of thousands of families; the constant autumn wind also expresses the deep affection for missing the border gate. It's heart-pounding to read. The concluding sentence is the wife's expectation and Zhengren's heartfelt voice.
IV. Miscellaneous Feelings of Life
1. Loving landscapes and pastoral leisure
Example
Dwelling in the mountains in autumn
Wang Wei
After the new rain in the empty mountains, the weather is late and autumn comes.
The bright moon shines among the pines, and the clear spring flows upstream from the rocks.
The bamboo noise returns to Huan Nu, and the lotus moves off the fishing boat.
The spring fragrance rests at will, and the king and grandson can stay.
This is a famous poem about landscapes, which expresses the poet's noble feelings and pursuit of ideals in the poetic and picturesque atmosphere. The first couplet describes the scenery of a mountain residence at dusk in autumn, with the first rain falling on the mountain, quiet, leisurely, fresh and pleasant. The chin couplet describes the natural beauty of the bright moon in the sky, green pines like a canopy, clear mountain springs flowing on the rocks, and quiet, clear and pure nature. The neck couplet writes that I heard the noise in the bamboo forest, saw the lotus leaves spread out, and discovered the Huan Nu and the fishing boat. The last couplet writes that this scene is beautiful and a place of peace and tranquility.
The whole poem expresses its aspirations through the description of the landscape, which is rich in meaning and thought-provoking. "The bright moon shines among the pines, and the clear spring flows over the rocks." This is truly an eternal saying.
Example
Passing by my old friend’s village
Meng Haoran
My old friend brought chicken and millet and invited me to Tian’s house.
Green trees border the village, and Qingshanguo slopes outside.
Open a dining room and chat over wine.
On the Double Ninth Festival, I will come to see chrysanthemums.
The poet was invited to the home of an old friend in the countryside. In the simple and natural pastoral scenery, drinking glasses and chatting about daily life are full of fun and express the sincere friendship between the poet and his friends. At first glance, this poem seems as plain as water, but when you taste it carefully, it looks like a Chinese painting of pastoral scenery. It perfectly combines scenery, things, and emotions, and has a strong artistic appeal.
2. Feelings about past victory and present decline
Example
Yangzhou Slow
Jiang Kui
Huaizuo Famous capital, a good place in Zhuxi, Xie An Shao is stationed in the first journey. Ten miles after the spring breeze, all the shepherds and wheat are green. Since Hu Ma peeked into the river, the trees in the pond were abandoned, and the soldiers were still tired of talking about it. It's getting dusk, the clear corners are blowing cold, and we are all in an empty city.
Du Lang’s handsome reward is now so serious that I am shocked. Despite Cardamom's lyrical skills, Dream of a Brothel is good, but it is difficult to describe it with deep emotion. Twenty-four bridges are still there, the waves are swaying, and the cold moon is silent. Reading the red medicine by the bridge, you will know who you are born for every year?
This poem was written on the winter solstice in the third year of Chunxi reign of Emperor Xiaozong of the Song Dynasty (1176). The small preface before the poem tells the time, place and motivation of writing. All gave explanations. Jiang Kui passed by Yangzhou and witnessed the depression of Yangzhou after the war. Looking back on the past, he lamented the desolation of today and recalled the prosperity of the past. He composed a chant to express his nostalgia for the prosperity of Yangzhou in the past and his sorrow for the ruins of today's mountains and rivers.
Example
Woyi Alley
Liu Yuxi
There are wild grasses and flowers beside Zhuque Bridge, and the setting sun is setting at the entrance of Wuyi Alley.
In the old days, the king Xietang Qianyan flew into the homes of ordinary people.
This is a nostalgic poem. Paying tribute to the prosperity of the Zhuque Bridge on the Qinhuai River in Nanjing during the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Wuyi Lane on the south bank, they are now overgrown with weeds and desolate. Feeling the vicissitudes of life and the changeable life. The old nest of swallows is used to arouse people's imagination, but it is not exposed; the background is painted with "wild grass flowers" and "sunset sun", which is beautiful but not vulgar. Although the words are very simple, the taste is infinite. When commenting on the third and fourth lines of this poem, Shi Buhua's Xian servant said: "If he goes away like a swallow, he will stay. The swallows still enter this hall, and the king and his wife are scattered, and they have turned into ordinary people. In this way, there is endless emotion. , the writing is extremely curved. ”
3. The sentiment of using the past to satirize the present
Example
Nostalgia for the past in Beigu Pavilion, Jingkou
Xin Qiji.
Throughout the ages, there is no place for heroes like Sun Zhong. On the dance pavilion and singing stage, the wind is always blown away by the rain. The setting sun, the grass and trees, the ordinary alleys, where the slaves of humanity once lived. I remember those days when we were fierce and powerful, and we could swallow thousands of miles like a tiger.
Yuan Jia hastily sealed the wolf in Xu, and won the hasty visit to the north. Forty-three years later, I still remember the beacon fire on Yangzhou Road. But looking back, under the Buddha and Li Temple, there is a sacred crow drum. Who is to ask, Lian Po is old, can he still make a living?
The author wrote this poem with deep worries and a tone of grief and indignation. The first film praises Sun Quan, who established his hegemony in Jingkou, and Liu Yu, who led his army in the Northern Expedition and devoured the barbarians, saying that he would serve the country with vigor and iron like them. The second film uses satire to express Liu Yilong's position and attitude that he firmly advocates resisting Jin but opposes reckless advancement that harms the country. Finally, he used Lian Po's own words to express his feelings about not being able to realize his dreams. This poem expresses emotion by using allusions repeatedly, with a few lines of lyrical discussion in the middle to show the spirit. It not only reflects the characteristics of Xin Ci's easy use of allusions, but also gives a glimpse of the style of "ci theory".
4. The sadness of perishable youth
Example
Like Meng Ling·The rain and wind last night
Li Qingzhao
Last night it was rainy and windy, and I couldn’t get rid of the remaining wine even after a deep sleep. When I asked the person behind the curtain, I found that Begonia was still the same. Do you know? Do you know? It should be green, red and thin.
The words fully reflect the author’s love for nature and spring. This poem is about nature experiencing a storm on a spring night. The poet had a premonition that the flowers and trees in the garden must be lush with green leaves and withered. Therefore, the next morning, she eagerly asked the "curtain roller" about the changes outside, but the careless "curtain roller" replied, "Begonia remains the same." In this regard, the poet couldn't help but use two "knowledge" and one "should be" to correct his careless observation and wrong answer. The sentence "green, fat, red and thin" vividly reflects the author's regret for the passing of spring.
5. The depression of frustrated career
Example
Pipa Xing
Bai Juyi
(Full poem abbreviated)
"Pipa Play" was written in the second year after he was demoted to Jiangzhou. By narrating the superb acting skills of the Pipa girl and her miserable life experience, the work expresses the author's personal political blow and derogation. Feelings of depression and sadness. Here, the poet regards a pipa girl as his close confidant, and feels sympathy for her. He writes about people and himself, and weeps about himself and others. The ups and downs of officialdom and the sorrow of life are all integrated into one, thus giving the work an unusual appeal. force.
This article. Also pregnant with a child.
When will the bright moon come? Ask the sky for wine. I don’t know what year it is today in the palace in the sky. I want to ride the wind back home, but I'm afraid it's too cold in the high places. Dance to clear the shadow, how does it seem to be in the human world!
Turning to the Zhuge, lowering the Qihu, the light is sleepless. There shouldn't be any hatred, so what's the point of being reunited when we say goodbye? People have joys and sorrows, separations and reunions, and the moon waxes and wanes. This is a difficult thing in ancient times. I hope that people will live long and travel thousands of miles to meet Chanjuan.
This poem integrates the universe and life issues, and integrates thoughts about officialdom and nostalgia for his younger brother into the moon appreciation. It imagines the beauty without forgetting the real life. It is the author's masterpiece. The poems have a noble state of mind, clear reasoning, profound emotions, and are written in a free and unrestrained way. They are full of spiritual movement, without any artificial carvings, and the scrolls are smooth and smooth. Therefore, they have been passed down for nine hundred years.
6. Consoling the joy of life
Example
Happy rain on a spring night
Du Fu
Good rain knows the season , when spring happens.
Sneak into the night with the wind, moisturizing things silently.
At night, the clouds are all dark, and the fire on the river boat is only bright.
Looking at the red and wet place at dawn, the flowers are heavy on the official city.
Spring is the season when all things revive, and spring rain appears at the right time when all things need it most. More importantly, the arrival of the spring rain "sneaks in" with the wind "silently" in the night, which not only describes the state of the spring rain, but also vividly depicts the soul of the spring rain. The next couplet describes the wild paths and the dark sky. Against the background of one or two fishing fires, the whole spring night seems even more silent and peaceful. Only the spring rain is silently nourishing the sleeping world, quietly giving birth to a world full of flowers. dawn. The last couplet is the poet's imagination: tomorrow morning, the spring flowers after the rain should be more beautiful, and the entire Jinguan City should be full of wet and heavy flower clusters. The word "heavy" conveys a world full of vitality and spring, and also makes us feel the poet's spring-like joy.
Example
I heard that the army was taking over Henan and Hebei
Du Fu
Suddenly it was announced outside the sword that they were taking over Jibei. When I first heard about it, my clothes were filled with tears.
But seeing where his wife was worried, she was filled with poetry and books filled with joy.
You have to indulge in alcohol while singing during the day, so you can return home with your youth.
That is, from Ba Gorge through Wu Gorge, then go down to Xiangyang towards Luoyang.
This poem was written by Du Fu when he was living in Zizhou. Du Fu was 52 years old this year, and it was his fifth year since he had drifted away from Jianmen due to the Anshi Rebellion. Du Fu always looked forward to quelling the rebellion and returning to his roots. Suddenly he heard that the army had recaptured Jibei, and he cried with joy and could not restrain himself. The author uses four consecutive actions of "suddenly passing", "first hearing", "unexpectedly seeing", and "managing" to express the surprise incisively and vividly. In the four dynamic and rhythmic descriptions of "from", "through", "down to" and "toward", the author imagines that he has passed through Ba Gorge and Wu Gorge, passed by Xiangyang and Luoyang, and returned to The hometown of dreams. Later generations said: "This poem has a joyful meaning, a flow of energy, full of twists and turns, absolutely no embellishment, the more simple and true it is." This poem is Lao Du's "first fast poem in his life", and so on. It's a very accurate comment.
Example
Xijiang Moon·The bright moon on the other branches frightens the magpies
The fragrance of rice flowers speaks of a good harvest, and the sound of frogs sounds.
Seven or eight stars are outside the sky, and two or three points of rain are in front of the mountain.
In the old days, by the forest of Maodian Society, I suddenly saw a bridge over a stream when the road turned.
This article is a masterpiece written when the author lived in Daihu, Shangrao. It depicts the beautiful scenery of rural summer nights through his own specific feelings of walking on the yellow sand road at night. The image is vivid and lifelike, the feeling is cordial and delicate, and the brushwork is light and lively, giving people a sense of reality and immersion. This poem reflects the style of Xin's poems diversity.
This poem fully reflects the author's joy for the harvest and his love for rural life.
5. Farewell in Changting Pavilion
1. A reluctant souvenir
Example
Yu Linling
Liu Yong
The cicadas are mournful, facing the pavilion at night, the shower has just stopped. There is no trace of drinking in the tent of the capital, and the place of nostalgia is the orchid boat. Doubted see tears in their eyes, even Yuning choke. Thoughts go by, thousands of miles of mist, the dusk is heavy and the sky is vast.
Passionate sentiments have hurt parting since ancient times, and even more embarrassing, leaving the Qingqiu Festival in the cold. Where can I wake up tonight? Willow bank, dawn wind and waning moon. After so many years, it should be a good time and good scenery. Even if there are thousands of styles, who should I tell them to?
In the poem, the author expresses his true feelings when he left Bianjing and said goodbye to his lover in a lingering, sad and moving way. This poem about separation can be said to be vivid and complete. The whole word is conceived around "hurt parting", the level is particularly clear, and the language is concise and clear. The first thing to write before parting is to outline the environment; the second time to write about the parting time is to describe the mood; the second part to write about the imagination after parting is to focus on describing the psychology. Three levels, each in-depth, and the emotions of separation are written from different levels, which is breathtaking.
Example
Weicheng Song
Wang Wei
The morning rain in Weicheng is lightly dusty, and the guest houses are green and willow-colored.
I advise you to drink another glass of wine. There will be no old friends when you leave Yangguan in the west.
This poem has simple language and vivid images, expressing the feeling of reluctance and farewell that everyone has. In the Tang Dynasty, it was composed into Yangguan Three Layers, which has been widely circulated throughout the ages.
Example
Jinling Winery Leaves a Farewell
Li Bai
The wind blows the willow flowers and fills the shop with fragrance, and Wu Ji presses wine to encourage guests to taste it.
The disciples of Jinling came to see each other off, and they all had a drink if they wanted to do it or not.
Please ask me about the flowing water in the east, who is the right person for you?
What the poet wrote is a colorful parting mood: the spring scenery is charming, drinking good wine, and full of joy in parting. The joy of gathering. The whole poem has fresh language, lively rhythm, and is very artistic. This little poem depicts a wine shop in a water town in the south of the Yangtze River in the spring scenery. The poet drinks with full of farewell thoughts. It is an intoxicating picture of "when the girl from Nuan persuades me to drink, and the boy from Jinling sends me off". The wind blows the willow flowers, and the love is like water. Those who left drank heavily, and those who stayed drank all their cups. The love is endless, the intention is earnest, the sentence is short and the love is long, and the chanting has many flavors.
2. Deep and meaningful encouragement
Example
Sending Du Shaofu to Shuchuan
Wang Bo
The city gate assists the Three Qin Dynasties, and the wind and smoke look forward to the Five Jin Dynasties.
I don’t agree with you, we are both eunuchs.
There are close friends in the sea, and they are like neighbors in the world.
Inaction is on the road, and the children are wet with towels.
This poem is a masterpiece of farewell. The poetic comfort is not to be sad when parting. The first sentence is a strict antithesis, and the third and fourth sentences are followed by loose tone. The truth turns to emptiness, and the literary mood is ups and downs. The third couplet "There are close friends in the sea, and neighbors are as close as the end of the world", with strange peaks rising up, which highly summarizes the scene of "deep friendship, strong mountains and rivers are unstoppable". The great words are self-made, passed down through the ages, and are well-known. The last couplet points out the theme of "send".
The whole poem opens and closes suddenly, with flowing energy and broad-minded artistic conception. It washes away the sadness and melancholy in ancient farewell poems. The tone is hearty, fresh and far-reaching, and there is a single tree monument.
3. A confession that expresses one’s true feelings
Example
Farewell to Xin Jian in Furong Tower
Wang Changling
Han Yu Lian Jiang entered Wu at night and saw off his guest Chu Shangu in the morning.
Relatives and friends in Luoyang ask each other like a piece of ice in a jade pot.
This is a farewell poem. The conception of the poem is novel, downplaying the feelings of separation from friends, and rewriting one's own noble character. The first two sentences of the vast river rain and the lonely Chushan Mountain express the loneliness of the farewell; the last two sentences compare themselves to curling to express my open-mindedness and strong character. The whole poem is inspired by the scenery, embodies the feelings in the scenery, is implicit and has endless charm.
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