The land has Jinling potential, and the city flows back to the river. At that time, there were millions of families on both sides of Zhulou Street. Spring grass grows in the country and dies, and there are no ancient hills in the palace. There is no lake, and the waves are in Yingzhou.
Six generations rise and fall, and three cups are songs. There are few courtyards in Qin and many mountains in Luoyang. Wu Huacao is in the ancient temple and Jin is in the deep palace. Die with the personnel, die with the surging waves.
Jin Dynasty moved south to the Yangtze River, the capital of Jinling at that time-Chang 'an. The terrain has the spirit of an emperor, with mountains and rivers, dragons and tigers leaping. Jinling is spectacular, and the Yangtze River is not a natural barrier. Drunk, went back to the boat and went home, saying that Wu Ge was alone.
Jinling has a magnificent terrain with empty rivers and high walls. The Eastern Jin Dynasty built its capital here, and millionaires built tall buildings on both sides of the street here. The Eastern Jin Dynasty finally perished, and the palace was annihilated by weeds. Only the bright moon on Xuanwu Lake is watching the once prosperous Jiangzhou from the waves.
Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties, ups and downs, I drank three cups and sang a song for Jinling. There are no fewer palaces here than Chang 'an, surrounded by mountains and besieged cities, and there are more mountains than Luoyang. The flowers and plants planted by the prince of Wu near the ancient temple, and the Jin Dynasty satin dresses worn by the beautiful women in the palace. They all disappear with the changes of personnel, just like the river flowing eastward, which is gone forever.
Note 1 Emperor Nandujiang of Jin and Yuan Dynasties ascended the throne in Jinling and became the capital. 2 Zhongshan Longpan, surrounded by stone, Zhuge Wuhou, called the emperor's residence. 3 "Sui Shu": For three years, Sui studied in Linjiang, and the late master calmly said, "If you come three times, come again, anyway, who is it?" Kong Fan, an official of Jingshi, said: "The Yangtze River is a natural barrier that separates the north from the south. How can the northern army fly today? " "Notes on the History of Han Dynasty in Yan Shigu": "Those who lack it are also. Today's people in wuyue are called spokes. " 5 hug: the way to hug. Jinling: This refers to Jinling Mountain, which is now Zhongshan in Nanjing. Literature and Art Collection: Xu Ai explained that there was Zhongshan in the north of Jiankang, formerly known as Jinling Mountain, and Jiang Qi, a captain of Jinling in Han Dynasty, died in battle. He was born in the mountains and was named Jiang Hou Temple. The victim's name is Shan Jiang. The river surrounds the city. 7 At that time: refers to the Six Dynasties. 8 Xie Tiao's poem: "Wander in the green water and hold up a bamboo hug." 9 countries: the capital. National subjugation: refers to Jinling, the old capital of the Six Dynasties, which perished one after another. Spring grass spread all over Jinling, and the palace was lost in the burial site. Ten spares: only left. Houhu: A Xuanwu Lake, in the northeast of Nanjing today. "Beginners": Jianye has a Houhu Lake and a Xuanwu Lake. Health Records of Ding Jing: Xuanwu Lake is also known as Jiangling Lake, Moling Lake and Houhu Lake. It's two miles north of the city. It was forty miles a week ago. There is a ditch between east and west, which flows into Qinhuai. It is six feet deep and irrigates 100 hectares of fields. "Unified Record": Xuanwu Lake, outside the Taiping Gate of Tianfu, belongs to Beihu Lake for forty miles a week. The Yuan family in Liu and Song Dynasties did not see the Black Dragon, so it was renamed Houhu. ⑾ Yingzhou: The legendary fairy mountain. This refers to the small continent of Xuanwu Lake. ⑿ Pearl of Primary School: Six Dynasties: Wu, Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen Dou were the capital cities. [13] Health Records: Luoyang is surrounded by four mountains, with Iraq, Luoyang, Zhuo and Jian in the middle. Jiankang is also surrounded by four mountains, with Qinhuai and Direct Reading in the middle. Therefore, the cloud says, "The scenery is different, and the mountains and rivers are different when you look up." Li Baiyun's "Mountain is like Luo Yang" and Xu Hun's "Only Castle Peak is like Luo Zhong" are also called this. Taiping Universe: The Story of Danyang says: Looking at Zhongshan from Jianyang Gate is like looking at shouyangshan from the East Gate.
After the Jin Dynasty crossed south, it built its capital here, replacing the old Chang 'an. The terrain here is the residence of the emperor on earth, and the mountain is a tiger dragon plate. However, Zhongshan is a magnificent scene, and the Yangtze River natural moat has become calm. Tourists go home drunk, and happy Wu Ge is all over the country.
The terrain depends on the dragon plate in Zhongshan, and rivers flow around the city. At that time, the dignitaries of the Six Dynasties built Zhu Lou along the street. Nowadays, the dilapidated palace is full of weeds, and the ancient parting hall is full of desolate ancient hills. Only the bright moon on Xuanwu Lake shines like a clear wave, like Yingzhou on the sea.
In the face of the ancient capital that recorded the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties, after three glasses of wine, I present a song for you. As far as palaces are concerned, you are less than Chang 'an, more than mountains and rivers, and you are similar to Luoyang. Flowers loved by the king of Wu once grew in your dilapidated ancient palace, and the concubines of the Jin Dynasty once stood in the dark palace wall. All these disappeared with the prosperity of the previous dynasty, and the sad past has long been paid to the blue waves of the Yangtze River.
Note 1 Chang 'an: It is often referred to as the capital in poems after the Tang Dynasty. Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) was once the capital of the southern Jin Dynasty. Old: one is "that is". 2 "The ground is": One sentence is "The brothel is full, and the castle is full of dragons and tigers." There is a dragon in Zhongshan and a tiger in the stone, which Zhuge Liang called the emperor's residence. 3 natural moat: a natural trench, which can cut off traffic in case of danger. This refers to the Yangtze River. Sui Shu: In three years (589), Sui was studying in Linjiang. The late master calmly said, "If you come three times, come again, no matter who it is?" Kong Fan, an official of Jingshi, said: "The Yangtze River is a natural barrier that separates the north from the south. How can the northern army fly today? " "Natural barrier" means "Seizing the River". Rao: Turn the bow and change course. Radial direction: paddle. Yan Shigu's Notes on the History of Han Dynasty: "Those who lack it are also. Today, people in wuyue are called Radial. 5: Song of Wu. Also refers to Jiangnan folk songs. Under the Book of Jin: Wu Ge's Zaqu. And out of Jiangnan. Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it has been slightly broadened. " This sentence is called "who can't go to the cloud". 6 hug: the way to hug. Jinling: This refers to Jinling Mountain, which is now Zhongshan in Nanjing. Literature and Art Collection: Xu Ai explained that there was Zhongshan in the north of Jiankang, formerly known as Jinling Mountain, and Jiang Qi, a captain of Jinling in Han Dynasty, died in battle. He was born in the mountains and was named Jiang Hou Temple. The victim's name is Shan Jiang. 7 Jiang: One is "Han". The river surrounds the city. 8 At that time: refers to the Six Dynasties period. 9 lanes: both sides of the road. "Zhou Li Qiu Guan Shi Xiang": "Handsome to his home, and three fair also. Zhu: It's called the beautiful Furama Castle. Xie Tiao's poem: "Swim in the clear water and hold Zhu Bao. Ten countries: the capital. National subjugation: refers to Jinling, the old capital of the Six Dynasties, which perished one after another. ⑾ Palace: One is "leaving the palace". Leave the palace: a palace outside the main palace for the emperor to live in when he is on patrol. ⑿ Freedom: Only. Houhu: Xuanwu Lake in the north of Jinling, in the northeast of Nanjing today. "Beginners": Jianye has a Houhu Lake and a Xuanwu Lake. Health Records of Ding Jing: Xuanwu Lake is also known as Jiangling Lake, Moling Lake and Houhu Lake. It's two miles north of the city. It was forty miles a week ago. There is a ditch between east and west, which flows into Qinhuai. It is six feet deep and irrigates 100 hectares of fields. "Unified Record": Xuanwu Lake, outside the Taiping Gate of Tianfu, belongs to Beihu Lake for forty miles a week. There was a black dragon at the end of Yuan Jia in Liu Song Dynasty, so it was renamed Houhu. Ying Zhou: The legendary fairy mountain. This refers to the islands in Xuanwu Lake. English: One is Jiang. [14] Six Dynasties: Six Dynasties. Pearl of Primary School: Six Dynasties: Wu, Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen were all Jianye. ⒂ Qin land: refers to the area under the jurisdiction of Qin state. This refers to Chang 'an. Less: one is "small". ⒃ "Yamagata" sentence: "Health and wellness": Luo Yang is surrounded by mountains, with Yi, Luo, Zhuo and Jian in the middle. Jiankang is also surrounded by four mountains, with Qinhuai and Direct Reading in the middle. Therefore, the cloud says, "The scenery is different, and the mountains and rivers are different when you look up." Li Baiyun's "Mountain is like Luo Yang" and Xu Hun's "Only Castle Peak is like Luo Zhong" are also called this. Taiping Universe: The Story of Danyang says: Looking at Zhongshan from Jianyang Gate is like looking at shouyangshan from the East Gate. ⒄ Deep Palace: In the Forbidden City, the residence of the emperor. "Phoenix House" by Chu Song Yu in the Warring States Period: "So it is cool and majestic, so it floats and sinks, taking Gaolingcheng and entering the deep palace. Continuation front: refers to luxurious silk fabrics or silk clothing. Han's love poem "Xu Gan": "The color is abnormal, and the jade is dark but not refined. ⒅ sum: one is "unique". Cangbo: Bibo. Li Bai's "Antique" No.12: "Show Yan Ziling, fish in surging waves. 」
Appreciation of Three Poems by Qu Yuan and Zhu Jincheng in Jinling points out that this group of poems is similar to Chu Guangxi's On Wang Yong in Linjiang Pavilion, and both of them are works of nostalgia for the past and sorrow for the present, with obvious overtones (Notes on Li Bai Ji's Collation, Volume 22).
The first song depicts the solidity and danger of Jinling City as a gift. As soon as the poet put pen to paper, he showed his deep feelings of mourning for the past and hurting the present. The first sentence "Jin's South Crossing Japan" summarizes a historical catastrophe in the last years of the Western Jin Dynasty. In the fifth year of Emperor Huaidi Yongjia (3 1 1), Liu Yao, the prime minister of Liu Cong in the former Han Dynasty, led troops to capture Luoyang, and Emperor Huaidi was captured, killing more than 30,000 people. Han soldiers burned and looted, dug tombs and burned palaces and temples, turning Luoyang into ruins. That year, Han soldiers captured Chang 'an again. Many scholars in the Central Plains avoid chaos by crossing the river south. Now, when Li Bai went to Jinling, An Lushan, who had been fighting since john young, had occupied Chang 'an, and Xuanzong fled to Sichuan in a hurry. Northerners have taken their families and families to the south to avoid the chaos in Jiangdong. History seems to repeat the story of Yongjia period in the Western Jin Dynasty. Therefore, this poem is like a bolt from the blue, shocking people, indicating that the Tang Dynasty has faced a serious situation of broken mountains and rivers and social collapse. The second sentence "Old Chang 'an is here" is full of the poet's grief over Hu Qi's trampling on Chang 'an in Kyoto. On Jinling side, it is still a climate of singing and dancing, just like Chang 'an in those days. The poet didn't say what Chang 'an is like now, but he was reluctant to say it. Here, we can imagine the tragic situation of Chang 'an at that time by referring to the scene described by the poet in the Song of the Eternal King, The East, where there are three rivers in the north and the four seas are like Yongjia running south.
Zhuan Xu writes about the land situation of Jinling City. In the last sentence, Jinling is the capital of the emperors of the Six Dynasties. There are emperors' residences and magnificent palaces here. Jinling has Zhongshan in the east and Shishan in the west. Wang Qi quoted Jaco's "Lu Wu", and Zhuge Liang once lamented that "Zhongshan is long and flat, and the stone is behind it. The next sentence says that Zhongshan and Shishi Mountain are like dragons and tigers living in Jinling, and the weather is magnificent. This couplet shows the prosperity of Jinling City, the splendor of the court, the prosperity of the dynasty and the grandeur of the mountains and rivers. The poet dedicated himself to the beautiful mountains and rivers of the motherland and the long imperial city. Neck couplets write river faces. To the north of Jinling is the vast Yangtze River, which competes with Zhongshan. Because the Yangtze River separates the north from the south, Jinling has always been easy to defend but difficult to attack, and is known as the "natural barrier". However, the last rulers of the Six Dynasties all indulged in luxury and debauchery, did not fix their internal affairs, and only relied on natural disasters, thinking that they could maintain long-term stability, which led to the fall and national subjugation of Jinling. Li Bai looked at the surging river, looked back at history and thought of the present, and could not help sighing. These two sentences implicitly reveal the secret of the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties, and their implications are similar to what the poet Liu Yuxi later said in his book Looking Back on the Past in Jinling: "The rise and fall are determined by personnel, and the mountains and rivers are empty. "What is written here is' the sky in Jinling is spectacular', but in fact the poet is alluding to' the sky in Chang 'an is spectacular'. Today's rulers of the Tang Dynasty, relying on the dangers of the 120-mile-long mountains and rivers in Guanzhong, failed to stop the An-Shi Rebellion army from entering the pass to capture Chang 'an, thus repeating the mistakes of the Six Dynasties. The word "empty" is meaningful. The sentence "natural barrier is net wave" expresses Li Bai's thought of quelling rebellion. Mr. Qu and Mr. Wang once pointed out that reading Three Poems of Jinling should be read together with reading Dong Youge. They said in the note of "Song of Yong Wang Dong": "At that time, Xuanzong couldn't order the sword gate to close, Su Zong was a rugged frontier fortress, and all generals loyal to the Tang Clan were not enough to defend the enemy's security and history. Then in Jiangnan, like Li Bai, they didn't want to express their whimsy to help the times. " "(Notes on Li Bai Ji's Collation, Volume 22) Because not long after, Li Bai joined Li Linjun's curtain in Wang Yong, offering a fantastic plan, and urged Wang Yong to take Jinling as the foundation, and then cross the sea with a boatman, taking the secluded swallow directly and subverting Anshi's lair. It can be inferred that when Li Bai wrote this sentence, he had foreseen and thought about the important strategic position facing Jinling City according to the natural danger of the Yangtze River.
However, when writing this group of poems, Li Bai was still a poet in cloth living in rivers and lakes. He thinks he has the ambition to thank an and the talent of Wang Zuo, but he has no way to serve his country. His inner pain and anxiety can be imagined. William wrote that he was mourning for the past and the present when suddenly he heard a soft and charming Wu Ge coming from the boat on the river and the Gelou pub on the river bank. The poet feels that in this declining year, there are still people who are singing and dancing regardless of the country's peril. He really didn't want to hear this decadent voice, so he drove the boatman away. The "distinguished guest" here is a poet's metaphor. Everyone says that he is a "drunk", but in fact he is the most sober. This couplet uses the technique of returning to the pen, first writing drunken guests and then pointing out Wu Ge's self-entertainment, thus more implicitly expressing the poet's bitter satire on hedonism and corrupt social customs at that time, his deep sorrow and infinite sigh. The moral here is exactly the same as Liu Yuxi's Flowers of * * * *, which is unbearable (Looking Back on the Past in Jinling) and Du Mu's A merchant girl who doesn't know how to hate her country, but still sings the Flowers of * * * crossing the river (Bo Qinhuai).
The second song expresses the feeling of ups and downs by comparing them to warn the world. The first couplet describes the geographical situation of Jinling City with inverted sentences. Julian wrote that during the prosperous period of the Six Dynasties, there were thousands of households in Jinling City, and Zhu Lou Lin Li was a prosperous scene. As soon as the neckline turned over, I lamented that after the national subjugation, spring grass flourished everywhere, and the palace buried ancient hills, desolate and declining. These two links are reflected before and after, which contains profound historical lessons. Tail couplet depicts that only the eternal Houhu Moon still shines on the desolate Yingzhou Island on the lake wave. This cold and hazy scenery combines the poet's deep sadness about the depression of the old country and the changes of personnel. The lingering sound is thought-provoking and reverie-provoking.
The third song compares the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties with the rise and fall of the Tang Dynasty. The first couplet sighed with songs. The poet poured three glasses of wine and sang a sad song for the country that suddenly rose and fell in the Six Dynasties. Zhuan Xu skillfully linked Jinling City in front of him with Luoyang and Chang 'an in his heart. Literally, these two sentences are only because many palaces in Jinling have collapsed after the war, which is less than Chang 'an, the land of Qin Dynasty. But there are as many mountains around this ancient capital as Luoyang. In fact, deep down, it means that Chang 'an, whose palace garden is like a forest, is now even in ruins and scorched earth under the iron hoof of the conference semifinals. Although Luoyang, the eastern capital, is surrounded by mountains on all sides, it has long since declined because of the incompetence of those in power and those holding troops. There are as many peaks in Jinling as in Luoyang, and it is hard to say whether it can be held. The poet's feelings are hidden and hidden, which are contained in the seemingly pure and objective description of the scenery. This couplet is a sigh today. Neck writing pays tribute to historical traces. The resplendent palaces of Wu are now covered with wild flowers and weeds; The treasure of the renewal front in the deep palace of the Eastern Jin Dynasty has long since disappeared. The implication is that the decline of several dynasties is so rapid that it is enough to make people think deeply and wake up. At the end of couplets, I always sigh that the prosperity of the Six Dynasties has disappeared with the personnel, as if it had gone with the blue waves of the Yangtze River and never returned. In his first poem, the poet only hinted that the rise and fall of the country is not the danger of mountains and rivers through "the spectacular sky of Jinling"; Here, he used the word "talent" to point out that the survival of a country depends on talent. This is the crowning touch of a group of poems. The conclusion shows that the Yangtze River is surging, endless and rolling eastward. This is the poet's irresistible surge of emotion. This ending, like Away from Eyes, has infinite sadness and a vague and distant artistic conception.
Generally speaking, Li Bai's "Three Poems of Jinling" is very concise and concentrated, and several images of Jinling scenery are selected, which are skillfully connected, set off and compared to accommodate the long span of time and space, thus expressing rich feelings of mourning for the past and learning from the past. The artistic conception of the three poems is generous and sad, magnificent and far-reaching, which deeply embodies the poet's enthusiasm for worrying about the country and the people. Li Bai writes poems at will, writes freely, does not like being bound by temperament, and is especially good at seven-character archaism. When he writes metrical poems, he often brings the spirit of classical poems into the law, so that there are ancient in the law and scattered in the middle. In Jinling's three poems, there are some couplets, such as "At that time, thousands of households, Zhu Lou is on the way"; There are necklaces that are not straight, such as "Jinling sky is spectacular, and the natural barrier is a net"; There are also couplets, such as "the land holds Jinling potential, and the city flows through the river." It can be seen that he is unconventional and pure natural. These three-five laws are written naturally, with elegant rhythm, lively but not straight, incisive but not shallow, and beautiful and vigorous words. It doesn't describe the works like Du Fu's Five Rhymes Poems, with rigorous meter, meticulous composition and depression. It is sparse, bold, freehand brushwork and general. Although it is not Li Bai's masterpiece, it is an excellent poem with the theme of nostalgia in Jinling in the early Tang Dynasty, which has a great influence on the later poems of nostalgia in Jinling by Liu Yuxi and Du Mu.
Three Jinling Creation Background These three poems were written by Li Bai when he was in Jinling in 756 (the first year of Zhide), hanging the remains of the Six Dynasties and expressing the feeling of rise and fall. Jinling was the capital of the Six Dynasties. At that time, the "Zhu Lou" and the "Palace" were luxuriously prepared, but they were all lost in the Tang Dynasty. This is quite similar to the broken scenes of Tianbao (742-756) and Zhide (756-758) in the Tang Dynasty. Poetry: Three Authors of Jinling: Classification of Li Bai's Poetry in Tang Dynasty: Nostalgia, Place Names and Poetry.