"Sacrifice to Sister": "After more than three years, I will return to China with a palace brocade." In ancient times, Jinshi who took the exam had to wear palace robes. Here, "wearing Gong Jin" refers to China Jinshi.
"Sacrifice to Sister": "It probably means that Chang 'an has been admitted to the Ministry, and the letter will send news sooner or later. "It's another name for Ji, referring to the scholar who passed the exam.
Jinshi sees "Gong Kao". It is the highest reputation in the imperial examination. "
Gong's participation in the court examination was recorded as the top three and was called Jinshi. When you pass the exam, as long as you pass the exam, you will be awarded an official position, and the rest will be awarded an official position after three years of study.
See "Gong Kao" for the top scholar. The imperial examination system ranks first in the court examination, also known as Dian Yuan and Ding Yuan.
He, Wang Wei and Wen Tianxiang, famous poets in Tang Dynasty, were all selected by imperial examinations. Please refer to the article "Examination" of the meeting.
Juren will take the exam, the first one will be called Huiyuan, and the rest will be called Gong's. For the explanation, please refer to the article "After taking the exam".
Students (Jinshi) take the provincial examination, the first place is Jieyuan, the second to fifth place is Jingyuan, and the rest are called Juren. The first place in the Lianzhong Sanyuan Imperial Examination is Yuan, and the one who takes the first place in the rural examination, social examination and temple fair is called "Lianzhong Sanyuan".
According to statistics, at least sixteen people have won three yuan in a row in history. Ouyang Xiu's Oil Salesman mentioned that Chen Yaozi and his brother Chen Yaosou both won the first prize, while Chen Yaosou won the third prize.
Ding Jia refers to the first Jia in the imperial examination, the champion, the champion and three people, who are like a tripod, so they are called Ding Jia. The top scholar ranks first in Ding Family, so it is also called Dingyuan.
Gong, please refer to the article "Examination". Gong was admitted.
Please refer to the article "After the Provincial Examination" for your reference. Jurors admitted after taking the provincial examination.
Jurors may confer the position of magistrate. After the Scholars wrote Fan Jin's residence for the third time, he immediately gave him a silver and a house. Fan's father-in-law Hu Butcher immediately changed his face and praised his son-in-law as "the star in the sky", but Fan got the news and was ecstatic.
It shows that the ancients in China can be promoted and made a fortune after moving. Students are scholars. See the article "Freshmen's Internship".
Those who pass the college exam (children's exam) can be called students or scholars. For example, Wang Anshi's Shang Zhong Yong is "spread to a scholar in a township"
Liu Xiu, Emperor Wu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, avoided light and taboo, calling the scholar Cai Mao. The noun interpretation of eight-part essay is a style stipulated by the imperial examination system in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and it is also called "Shi Wen, Knowing Yi, Knowing Yi, Interpreting Yi, Si and Wen".
This style has a fixed format, which consists of eight parts, namely, the topic, the topic, the beginning of speech, the beginning of stock, the beginning of stock, the beginning of stock and the end of stock. The number of sentences and sentence patterns in each part are also strictly limited. "Breaking the topic" specifies the meaning of two sentences; Three or four sentences "bear the title" and then "break the title" to explain; "Say" summarizes the full text, which is the beginning of the discussion; "Start" introduces the main body of the article; From "startup stock" to "tied stock" is the main part of eight-part essay, especially "intermediate stock".
In the four paragraphs of formal discussion, each paragraph has two parallel dual words, and * * * is stereotyped writing, hence the name stereotyped writing. The topic of eight-part essay comes from four books and five classics. The content of the eight-part essay should not exceed the scope of the four books and five classics. It should imitate the tone of sages and convey their thoughts.
Both in content and form. After palace examination, the notices of the Golden List, the admission of the top scholar and the announcement of the ranking in the ancient imperial examination system were called Huang Jia and Jin List because they were written in yellow paper.
Most of them were ordered by the emperor, commonly known as imperial orders. Jinshi was called the number one scholar in the exam.
In the same year, people admitted to the same list in the imperial examination era called each other the same year. "frugal training shows health": "it was said that' it cannot be violated.
"The name of the Xia Academy, the place of sacrifice, the number of teaching. Hunan school name.
"Mencius Qi Huan Jinwen Shishi": "I would like to teach in order, and give it with the meaning of filial piety." The name of the school is in the Zhou Dynasty.
Mencius on Teng Wengong: "Set it as a study to teach it." The ancients often called the academy by Guo Zhixu, and the pre-Qin philosophers were divided into two categories: Chinese studies and rural studies.
Chinese studies are designed for emperors or princes, including Chinese studies and primary schools. The teaching contents of business schools and primary schools are mainly based on "six arts" (etiquette, music, archery, bending, calligraphy and mathematics), especially in primary schools.
Relatively speaking, rural studies and Chinese studies generally refer to local colleges and universities. Gong Xue, Xia Ji, was an institution of higher learning in the State of Qi during the Warring States Period, which was named after it was located under the capital Linzi Jiji.
At that time, Confucianism, France, Mohism, Taoism and Yin and Yang all gathered here. They began to debate, comment on current politics and give lessons to students. Mencius, Xunzi and other masters have come here to give lectures, which is an important garden for "a hundred schools of thought contend" during the Warring States period. Imperial academy was the educational management institution and the highest institution of higher learning in the feudal society of China.
From Wei and Jin Dynasties to Ming and Qing Dynasties, either imperial academy or imperial academy was set up, or both were set up at the same time. The names are different and the system has changed, but they are all the highest institutions to educate the children of princes and nobles. The students studying in this school are called imperial academy students and imperial academy students. "Zhang Hengchuan": "Because I entered the capital, I watched Tai Xue."
Preface to Send Ma Dongyang: "Dongyang Ma has been in imperial academy for two years." Imperial academy, please refer to the article imperial academy.
Imperial academy was founded in the Han and Wei Dynasties, renamed Guo Zi School in the Western Jin Dynasty and imperial academy in the Sui Dynasty. Since then, imperial academy and Imperial College have been called each other as the highest institutions with educational administrative functions. For example, imperial academy was established in the Ming Dynasty, but it was called "imperial academy" in the Preface to Sending Ma Sheng to Dongyang.
Academy is an independent educational institution from the Tang and Song Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is a place set up by civil or government officials to gather disciples to give lectures and learn knowledge. The four famous academies in Song Dynasty were Bailudong Academy in Lushan, Jiangxi, Yuelu Academy in Changsha, Hunan, Shigu Academy in Hengyang, Hunan and Yingtianfu Academy in Shangqiu, Henan. In the Ming Dynasty, there was "Donglin Academy" in Wuxi, which was called "Lindong Party".
In ancient times, it was a general term for officials in charge of academic affairs and government-run teachers. Such as offering wine, doctor, teaching assistant, promoting learning, studying politics, teaching, teaching guidance and so on.
The chief education officer in charge of imperial academy or Imperial College in ancient times. During the Warring States Period, Xunzi served as a wine festival for three times in Jixia Xuegong, equivalent to the president of a contemporary university.
Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty and Xian Cui in the Ming Dynasty (author of Zhong Wang Su Gong Ao Shi) both drank in imperial academy. Doctor was an official name in ancient times, but now it is a degree name.
During the Qin and Han dynasties, it was an official position in charge of books, classics and historical events, and later it became an official position specializing in learning or mastering an art, engaged in teaching and apprenticeship. Biography of the Three Kingdoms Monroe: "Do you want Qing to learn classics and be an evil doctor!" 《。
2. The interpretation of classical Chinese and its meaning and reference in the selection of imperial examinations. Because the title on the list has the second place, it is named. Sui and Tang dynasties were only used for the examination of Jinshi. A court exam in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was named "A-3", which also saved its name. In addition, it also has the titles of "champion", "champion", "flower exploration" and "champion" respectively.
Those who fail the exam are called the first and the next. Jinshi has other nicknames, such as:
Wearing Gong Jin, the Tang Dynasty Jinshi also wore palace robes, and later generations called China Jinshi "wearing Gong Jin". For example, in "A Memorial to a Sister", "I will wear Gong Jin to return to China in three years," wearing Gong Jin "here refers to China Jinshi.
Deng Ke in the imperial examination era refers to the admission of candidates, but also refers to the Jinshi who passed the examination, also known as "Deng Di". The relevant records are as follows: Wang Renyu's "Kaiyuan Tianbao Clay Gold Post Legacy": "The new bachelor's talent, the clay gold post is attached with a family letter, reporting the joy of entering the DPRK." For example, in "Sacrifice to Sister", "It is probably said that Chang 'an was admitted to the Ministry, and the letter sent a message to the cloud sooner or later. "
Climb Longmen, Longmen is a place name, also called Yumenkou. The folklore "Carp yue longmen" points out that it is difficult to climb the Longmen, but as long as you climb the Longmen, you can become a dragon, so there is a saying that "once you climb the Longmen, the sound price is ten times higher". So people use this metaphor to refer to those who have to improve their reputation because they are recommended by celebrities to climb the Longmen. Because the imperial examinations in the Tang Dynasty depended to a great extent on the recommendation of celebrities, people called it a scholar who entered the Longmen Examination.
Burning Tail, according to the story of "yue longmen the Carp" above, when the carp was in yue longmen, it would be "the sky burned its tail from behind and turned into a dragon", so one of the dishes of the banquet held after the Jinshi in the Tang Dynasty must be burning carp. This banquet is called "Shaowei Banquet". Therefore, some people say that scholars in China are "burning their tails" (see "Feng Shiwen Ji Jian").
In his reply to Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, Shen Xi used cassia twig on the moon to refer to rare treasures and to describe outstanding talents. Later, Bai Juyi wrote a poem to congratulate his brother on winning the third prize. He wrote: "I will be the first person to win laurel branches, and I will be amazing in clover." In other words, I use laurel as a metaphor for scholars in China.
3. Sun Shan's translation of ancient Chinese prose In Song Dynasty, there was a scholar named Sun Shan, who was humorous. It is the pursuit of ancient literati to take the imperial examination to embark on official career and seek fame, and Sun Shan is no exception. In that year's provincial exam, Sun Shan went to take the exam, and a fellow villager met him and went with him. Ten years of cold window, the result is at stake, and everyone's mood can be imagined. After the exam, I hope to publish the list and hope to be on the list. On the day of the announcement, the list was full of people, and Sun Shan managed to get to the front and read it from the beginning. The first name of the middle class is Xie Yuan, and the names of other titles of the middle class are Xie Yuan. Look at Xie Yuan first, not at yourself; Look at the name again, until the last one, Sun Shancai saw his name. However, his fellow countryman was unknown on the list and failed to pass the exam.
Sun Shan, all smiles, rushed home to report the good news and got home earlier than his fellow villagers. When the father of that fellow villager heard the news, seeing that his son had not come back, he quickly came over to ask about his son's exam. Sun Shan was humorous by nature, so he made up two poems casually, saying: Sun Shan is the best place to explain his name, and Xianlang is outside Sun Mountain. This means: At the end of the list, I, Sun Shan, left my son's name behind Sun Shan.
Sun Shan's classical Chinese fully explained the original text.
Wu, a funny (g j: and) gifted scholar. To carry his county, the villagers asked his son to go with them. The villagers were depressed, and the mountain name was at the bottom of the list, so they returned first. The villagers asked his son about his gains and losses, and the mountain said, "Sun Shan is the place to know his name, and Xianlang is even outside Sun Mountain."
translate
There was a man named Sun Shan in the State of Wu. He was a witty man. Sun Shan went to other places to take the imperial examination, and his hometown asked Sun Shan to take his son with him. The son of a fellow villager failed to pass the exam. Although Sun Shan's name ranks first from the bottom, it is still on the list. Sun Shan first returned to his hometown. The fellow villagers came to ask if his son had been admitted. Sun Shan said, "The last one on the list of winners is Sun Shan, and your son is behind me."
Word annotation
1. Wu: Suzhou today.
2. (g incarnation): A flow of words should be smooth.
3. Take the imperial examination.
4. Kay: Both.
5. Frustration: I didn't pass the exam.
6. Affix: attachment. Bottom of the list: the bottom of the admission list.
7. unnamed: admission list. Solution, (admission) admission.
8. More: Come again.
9. Gains and losses: Did you get in?
5. Sun Shan Ancient Chinese Translation In Song Dynasty, there was a scholar named Sun Shan who was humorous. It is the pursuit of ancient literati to take the imperial examination to embark on official career and seek fame, and Sun Shan is no exception. In that year's provincial exam, Sun Shan went to take the exam, and a fellow villager met him and went with him. Ten years of cold window, the result is at stake, and everyone's mood can be imagined. After the exam, I hope to publish the list and hope to be on the list. On the day of the announcement, the list was full of people, and Sun Shan managed to get to the front and read it from the beginning. The first name of the middle class is Xie Yuan, and the names of other titles of the middle class are Xie Yuan. Look at Xie Yuan first, not at yourself; Look at the name again, until the last one, Sun Shancai saw his name. However, his fellow countryman was unknown on the list and failed to pass the exam.
Sun Shan, all smiles, rushed home to report the good news and got home earlier than his fellow villagers. When the father of that fellow villager heard the news, seeing that his son had not come back, he quickly came over to ask about his son's exam. Sun Shan was humorous by nature, so he made up two poems casually, saying: Sun Shan is the best place to explain his name, and Xianlang is outside Sun Mountain. This means: At the end of the list, I, Sun Shan, left my son's name behind Sun Shan.
6. How do you say "exam" in classical Chinese?
Darby
imperial examination system
City exam
Autumn imperial examination
Wei Xiang
Liwei
Trial strategy
Provincial examination
Ritual examination
Gongju
Cohen
Triennial provincial juren examination (held in the provincial capital during the Ming and Qing Dynasties)
a general examination for students from various schools
……
Imperial examination questions
Brief introduction of imperial examination knowledge The imperial examination system has different provisions in different periods. Take the Ming and Qing Dynasties as an example: Scholars must first take the Children's Examination. Participants, regardless of age, are called "Confucian scholars" or "children's students" after admission, which is also called "students", commonly known as "scholars". Scholars are divided into three grades, and the best ones are called "students", and the government gives them food on a monthly basis; The second is the so-called "proliferation", and there is no food supply. There are certain quotas for "birth" and "proliferation"; The third is "middle school students", that is, middle school students who have just entered school. Only those who have obtained the qualification of scholar can take the official imperial examination.
The official imperial examination is divided into three grades: Zhongju, Zhongju and palace examination. After obtaining the provincial examination, it is held in the provincial capital every three years, which is called "Darby". The winner is called "Juren". The first name is "Xie Yuan" and the second is "Yayuan". The exam will be held in the spring of the second year after obtaining the provincial exam. The successful candidate was named Gong, and the first one was Huiyuan. The entrance examination was presided over by the emperor himself. Only Gong is qualified to take the exam. It is divided into "top three" admissions. Three scholars in one grade, the first "No.1", the second "No.2" and the third "Hua Tan", will be called "Hua Tan". Erci was born a scholar and was called "Legend". The top three students are the same as Jinshi. "Xie Yuan", "Hui Yuan" and "Top Scholar" are the so-called "three elements".
The appearance of the champion China's imperial examination system began in the Sui Dynasty and went through the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is an important way for feudal intellectuals in past dynasties to jump into official career. From childhood to the top, there are generally five stages.
All candidates (scholars) of Tong Sheng, regardless of their age, are called Confucian children, which is what is customarily called Tong Sheng.
The college entrance examination is presided over by the provincial academic affairs office. Young students who take the exam are called Jinshi, also known as students, and can generally be called "xianggong"
These two forms are only pre-selection, and the official imperial examination is after the provincial examination, and it has passed the general examination and palace examination.
Once every three years, after having obtained the township entrance examination, Jinshi can take part, and those who take the examination are called juren or master. The first place on the jury is Xie Yuan, and the second to tenth places are Asian Dollars.
After having obtained the provincial examination, it was held in the capital department in the following spring, with the participation of juren, and the first name was Huiyuan.
After passing the palace entrance examination, I will take the palace entrance examination presided over by the emperor himself or by the minister appointed by Qin. Qualified people are collectively referred to as Jinshi, but the first place is the champion, the second place is the second place, and the third place is the flower exploration.