Original "Red Cliff Fu"
original text
René (xū) Autumn and July, perilla boaters swim under the Red Cliff. A cool breeze
Xu Lai, the waves are quiet. Give wine (zhǔ) guests, recite the bright moon and sing graceful and restrained chapters. Small (sh ǒ o) swallow, the moon rises in Dongshan, wandering among cattle. Milky white fog across the river, clear water. Let the boat float on the boundless river and cross the boundless river. The vastness is like a virtual wind, and I don't know where it ends; Floating like an independent world, feathering into a fairy.
So I had a good time drinking, and I was singing while I was holding the boat. Song Yue said, "Zhugui (zhào) blows the blue oar, striking the sky and tracing the streamer. I am pregnant, and I hope that beauty is on one side. " The piper leans on the song and makes peace (hè). Its voice wails, like resentment, like crying, like complaining, and the reverberation is lingering [ni m: o]. Dancing in the valley, crying in the lonely boat.
Su Zibi (Qi M 6533 guest said: "There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south." Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde? Looking at Xiakou in the west and Wuchang in the east. Miao Shanchuan (liáo) is gloomy and dusty. Isn't this Meng Zhizhi who is trapped? Break jīngzhou, go down to Jiangling, go downstream to the east, go far (zhú) and (lú), cover the sky with Jing (JΟ ng) flags, (shi) wine borders the river, and (shuò) poetry is a hero in the world. My son Yu Qiao and I are in Zhu Jiang. We are friends of fish, shrimp and elk (mí). Sending Mayflies (fú) and Mayflies (yóu) to the ground is a drop in the ocean. Mourn for a moment of my life (yú) and envy the infinity of the Yangtze River. Travel with Fei Xian, hold the bright moon, and it's over. Knowing that it is impossible to get it suddenly, I hate it. "
Perilla said, "Do you know my husband's water and the moon? The deceased is like this, but he has never been there; If the person is full, he will never rise or fall (zh m: ng). Gai must view it from its changers, then heaven and earth can't be in an instant; If we look at it from its unchanging point of view, then things are infinite to me, but why envy them? Besides, between heaven and earth, everything has its own owner, not mine, so I will take it for nothing. However, the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains are empty to the ear and beautiful when they meet. They are inexhaustible and inexhaustible treasures of the creator. My son and I are suitable. "
Guests are smiling, gēng washes the lamps (ZH M 6 bowls and chopsticks (yáo), and the cups and plates are messy (jí). Sleeping on the boat, I don't know if the east is white.
To annotate ...
[1] is selected from the first volume of Introduction to Jin Jing Dongpo's Collected Works. This article was written in the second year of Yuanfeng in Song Shenzong (1079), and Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei). Later, I wrote an essay on the same topic, which was called "Qianchibi Fu". 10 15 wrote "Houchibi Fu". Chibi: It is actually Chibi Rock in Huangzhou, not the former site of Battle of Red Cliffs during the Three Kingdoms period. Locals also call it Red Cliff because its sound is close. Su Shi knew this and made a mistake, so he used scenery to express his embrace.
[2] Ren Xu: Song Shenzong Yuanfeng was five years old in Ren Xu.
[3] Both hope: both, too; Look, lunar calendar 15, lunar calendar 16.
[4
X: Take your time.
[5] Xing: Get up and do it.
[6] Genus: Children's "Persuade Wine on Orders".
[7] Moon Poem: The Book of Songs Chen Feng Chu Yue has the sentence "Shu Yao corrects Xi", so it is called "Moon Poem" and "Graceful Articles", which is the same as betting.
[8] My Gentle Chapter: The first chapter of the poem "The Moon is Out" is: "The moon is bright, people are beautiful, Shu Yao corrects it, and I am worried." "Gentle correction" and "gentle and graceful" are the same.
[9] Shao Yan: In a short time.
[10] Bullfighting: Dou, Niu, the name of the stars, namely Dou Su (Southern Dou) and Niu Su.
[1 1] White dew crossing the river: white steam. Hengjiang: Gaijiang.
[12] As long as a reed looks like it, the ship will be at a loss: let it float on the wide river. Longitudinal: Whatever. Reed: A boat as small as a reed leaf compared with a very small boat. The Book of Songs Feng Wei He Guang: "Who is He Guang, a Hang Wei (Sailing)?" Go ahead, go ahead. Ling: Over. Wan Qing: It describes that the river is very wide. At a loss, broad-minded.
Feng Xu defended the wind: flying in the air. Feng: Pass "multiply", multiply. Virtual: space. Y: Drive.
[14] Independence: Go beyond the world and be independent.
[15] Feathering into Immortal: Taoism calls Immortal "Feathering", just like having wings, and thinks that you can soar after becoming immortal. Dengxian: Dengxian Wonderland.
[16] Buckling: flapping the ship's side, which means flapping, the ship's side and both sides.
[17] ZH à o Xilan Paddle: Paddle made of osmanthus trees and Magnolia, which are rowing tools and look like paddles.
[18] striking the sky and tracing the streamer: the paddle hits the clear water on the moon and goes upstream. Back: Upstream. Empty, streamer: refers to the moonlight floating on the clear river.
[19] vaguely: thoughts drift away. The ethereal and distant appearance.
[20] Beauty: refers to a talented and virtuous person. Most ancient poems mention people they miss and yearn for.
Harmony in Song Dynasty: Harmony with Beat. Depend: depend, press and: correspond in unison.
[22] Resentment is like longing, like crying, like sadness, like longing, like sobbing, like talking. Complain: sadness. Mu: Attachment.
[23] Aftersound: End. Curl: describes the long and soft sound.
[24] wisp: filament.
[25] Dancing in the glen and hiding dumplings: glen: this refers to the abyss. The dragon in the deep valley was moved to dance.
[26] Crying for the lonely boat (lí Li) Woman: Let the widow on the lonely boat cry sadly. A woman who lives alone, here refers to a widow. Bai Juyi wrote a poem "The Lonely Merchant's Wife Cloud" in Pipa: "She is guarding an empty boat at the estuary, and the moon is cold around the cabin. Sometimes in the middle of the night, she dreams of her victory and is awakened from her dream by her hot tears. " His poems are used here.
[27] Yan (qi m: o qi m: o) ran: melancholy expression.
[28] Sit in danger: Tidy up your skirts and sit in danger: Sit up.
[29] What is it? Why is the song so sad?
[30] There are few stars under the moon, and black magpies fly south: it is a poem in Cao Cao's Short Songs.
[3 1] Xiakou: Place name, so the old city is in the west of Wuchang, Hubei.
[32] Wuchang: Sun Yicheng County, Hubei Province today.
[33] Miao: Through the "dazzling" winding.
[34] Depression: A lush appearance.
[35] Meng De's dilemma: It refers to the 13th year of Jian 'an of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty (208), when Wu defeated Cao Cao's so-called 800,000 troops in Battle of Red Cliffs. Zhou Lang: Zhou Yu became a corps commander at the age of 24, and Wuzhong was called Zhou Lang.
[36] Fang Qi broke Jingzhou and went down to Jiangling, downstream to the east. The above three sentences refer to Liu Cong surrendering to Cao Cao in the 13th year of Jian 'an, and Cao Jun occupied Jingzhou and Jiangling without fighting. Fang: When? Jingzhou: It governs eight counties including Nanyang, Jiangxia and Changsha, and is now around Hunan and Hubei. Jiangling: The capital of Jingzhou at that time, now the name of Hubei County.
[37] zhú lú Zhulu: The warships are connected in front and back. This refers to warships.
[38] Mix (shāi sieve) wine: pour wine.
[39] Shu said: Hold the spear horizontally.
[40] Fish, shrimp and elk are friends: fish, shrimp and elk are friends. Partner, used here as a verb. Elk: A kind of deer.
[4 1] flat boat (piān): small boat.
[42] Baozun: a wine vessel made of gourd. Well, gourd. Respect, preach' respect'.
[43] Send: entrust.
[44] Mayfly: An insect, born near the water at the turn of summer and autumn, has a short life span of only a few hours. This sentence is a metaphor for the brevity of life.
[45] Nine Niu Yi hairs: misty: small. The sea: the sea. This sentence means that human beings are extremely small between heaven and earth.
[46] In a flash, time is very short.
[47] Zhong Chang: As for forever.
[48] Suddenly: repeatedly.
[49] Yi Tuo hates Taiwan: the lingering sound refers to the flute. Very Thai: Autumn wind.
[50] The deceased is like this: "The Analects of Confucius Zi Han": "Zi Yue Chuan:' The deceased is like a husband, not giving up day and night. ""death: go. This means water.
[5 1] surplus and deficiency: refers to the round and short of the moon.
[52] pawn: finally. Fluctuation: increase or decrease. Length: growth
[53] Then heaven and earth can't take a moment: modal adverbs. Blink: The blink of an eye.
[54] is the creator's endless hiding: this. Creator: heaven and earth are natural. Zan: Buddhist language. Refers to an endless treasure.
[55] Fit: Enjoy.
[56] Be more cautious: drink again.
[57] Dishes are exhausted: meat dishes, fruits. It's already started.
[58] Wolf: Through "borrowing", chaos.
[59] Pillows: pillow each other.
[60] White: It is already white (meaning dawn).
Common words:
Raising wine is a guest ("belonging" means "instructing" to persuade wine)
Vast as the wind ("wind" crosses "by")
Mountains and rivers meet ("Miao" surrounds "Dazed")
Respect ("respect" and "bottle")
Confused by wolves ("book" leads to "borrowing", which is a mess)
Then heaven and earth can't stop in an instant ("being" and "being")
Flexible use of parts of speech
1, Song: A graceful chapter (representative works moved and sang)
2. Feathers: Feathers and immortality (masterpieces, like wings)
3. Empty brightness: striking empty brightness and tracing streamer (named Moon Bright Wave)
4. Dance: Dance the hidden jiaozi in the valley (let it move and let it dance).
5. Crying: Crying for a lonely woman (lí) (Let her be moved, let her cry)
6. Positive: sitting in danger (moving, sorting and correcting)
7, south, west: black magpies fly south ... looking west at the gorge (famous, facing south, south; Facing the west, facing the west)
8. Xiaxia: Xiajiangling (famous for its dynamic attack)
9. Firewood: My son and I are by the river (① famous for moving firewood and chopping firewood; ② it can be considered useless, and fishing and firewood are verbs themselves).
10, companion, friend: companion fish and shrimp and friend elk (conation, take ... as companion and ... as friend)
1 1. Kelp (even) Trinidad: (omit the predicate)
In autumn in Ren Xu, on July 16, my guests and I took a boat to swim under the Red Cliff. The breeze is blowing slowly, and the water on the river is calm. So I raised my glass and invited guests to drink together, reciting the "graceful and restrained" chapter in the poem "The Book of Songs, Martin Moon Out". After a while, the moon rose from Dongshan and hovered between Dou Su and Niu Su. White fog covers the river, and the waves are connected with the starry sky. We let reedlike boats float freely on the boundless river. How vast, like flying in the air with the wind, I don't know where I will stay; How elegant, as if she had become a fairy, flew away from the world and boarded a fairyland.
So, drinking wine, I knocked on the ship's rail and sang happily. The lyrics say: "The oars of osmanthus wood and blue wood are beating the clear river, and the ship is facing the flowing waves." How deep, my feelings, looking up at the person I admire, she is in that distant place. "There is oral sex among the guests, and oral sex is answered according to the song. The flute sounds like resentment, yearning, crying, pouring out, and the lingering sound is melodious, like a gentle line. Can make the dragon hidden in the abyss dance and the widow in the lonely boat sob.
I couldn't help feeling sad. I adjusted my clothes, sat up straight and asked the guest, "Why?" The guest said, "There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south." Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde? Looking at Xiakou in the west and Wuchang in the east, surrounded by mountains and rivers, it is gloomy. Isn't this the place where Cao Mengde was besieged by Zhou Yu? He captured Jingzhou, captured Jiangling, went down to the Yangtze River, battled thousands of miles, covered the sky with banners, sprinkled wine on the river to pay homage, and recited poems with guns. Originally, he was a hero. Where is he now? Besides, I am fishing and firewood with you in the middle of the river and on the sandbar, taking fishing and shrimp as partners and elk as friends, driving a boat and toasting each other here. It's just parasitic between heaven and earth like a ephemera, as small as a drop in the ocean. I lament the shortness of life and envy the endless flowing water of the Yangtze River. I am willing to walk with the immortals and live with the bright moon. I know I can't get it often, so I can only pin the sound of the flute on this sad autumn wind. "
I said, "Do you know water and the moon, too? (River water) always flows, but does not flow away; The moon is always round and round, but it doesn't increase or decrease after all. If we look at them from the changing side, then everything between heaven and earth has changed in less than a blink of an eye; If from their unchanging side, everything is as eternal as ours, why envy them! Besides, between heaven and earth, everything has its own owner. If I don't have everything, I can't even get a little bit. Only the breeze on the river and the bright moon on the mountain turned into sound when the ears heard it and turned into color when the eyes saw it. No one can ban them and use them endlessly. This is an endless treasure of nature, and I can share it with you. "
Hearing this, the guest smiled happily, washed the glass and filled it with wine. All the vegetables and fruits have been eaten, and the cups and plates are lying in a mess. Everyone slept on the boat with pillows, and before they knew it, the east was already bright.
Distinguish and appreciate
1 paragraph, write a night tour in Chibi. The author, a boater under the Red Cliff, plunged into the embrace of nature and enjoyed the beauty of cool breeze, dew, mountains, running water, moonlight and skylight. When I was in the mood, I recited the first chapter of the Book of Songs casually, and the moon came out. Shu Yao corrected it, and he was very sad. "Compare the bright moon to a beautiful woman with a good figure, expecting her Ran Ran to rise. In response to the poem "The Moon is Out", "Xiaoyan, the moon rises from Dongshan and lingers between bullfights." And leads to the following song cloud created by the author: "Looking at beauty and loving the sky", which is consistent in emotion and style. The word "wandering" vividly depicts that the soft moonlight seems to have incomparable attachment and affection for tourists. In the bright moonlight, white fog enveloped the river, and the sky and water became one piece, which is the so-called "autumn water * * * sky is one color" (Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting). At this time, tourists are open-minded and unrestrained, so they are "like reeds, at a loss", drifting in a boat, just like flying in the wind in space, leaving this world calmly and detached; It's like flying into wonderland with wings. The vast river and free and easy mind jump out of the author's pen, and the joy of boating is beyond words. This is a passage in this article that describes the scenery of "boating" in a positive way, conveying feelings with the scenery, and the scenery is good.
In the second paragraph, the writer's drinking and singing joy and the guest's sad flute sound. The author is extremely happy to drink and sing to express his disappointment and frustration in thinking about "beauty". The "beauty" mentioned here is actually the embodiment of the author's ideal and all the beautiful things. The song says: "Gui Gui is like a blue paddle, striking the sky and tracing the streamer. I am pregnant, and I hope that beauty is on one side. " This lyric all adopts the meaning of "Songs of the South, Less Thinking": "Look forward to a beautiful future and sing a magnificent song in the breeze", which embodies the content of "reciting the poem of the bright moon and singing a graceful chapter" above. I can't see it because I want to be beautiful. I have expressed my frustration and sadness. In addition, Hakka plays, according to its songs, Xiao's tone is sorrowful. "If you complain like a hope, you cry like a complaint, and the sound is like a wisp", in fact, it attracts the dragons hidden in the ravine to dance and makes the widows in the lonely boat cry. One of Dong Xiao's songs is mournful and tactful, and the sad tone is touching, which makes the author's feelings change suddenly, from joy to sadness, and the article is also ups and downs.
The third paragraph, write the guest's sigh about the impermanence of life. This part is endowed with historical sites, not the natural scenery of Chibi. The host asked "what is nature", and the guests answered with the monuments of Chibi, and the arts and sciences turned to nature. But this article is not about Chen Qi, but uses two questions. First of all, based on Cao Cao's Short Songs, I asked, "Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde?" He is also better than the mountains and rivers in front of him and asks, "Isn't this because Meng Dezhi is trapped in Zhou Lang?" Two questions made the article sensational again. Then, it tells the story of Cao Cao breaking Jingzhou and forcing Liu Cong to surrender. At that time, the mighty Cao Jun descended from Jiangling along the river, with warships connected by thousands of miles and banners covering the sky. Cao Hao is full of pride, cocky, drinking the river at the bow and writing poems horizontally, which can be described as "the hero of the world"! Where is he now? Heroes like Cao Cao are only famous for a while, not to mention our generation! Therefore, now I can only sigh the shortness of life, envy the ever-flowing river, and hope to intersect with the gods and be with the bright moon. However, all these are unrealistic fantasies, which is why sadness and sadness are conveyed through flutes. The guest's answer shows a nihilistic thought and a negative outlook on life, which is one aspect of Su Shi's thought revealed through the guest's mouth.
In the fourth paragraph, Su Shi stated his views on the impermanence of guest life in order to understand each other. The guests once "admired the infinity of the Yangtze River" and wished to "embrace the bright moon and end up long". Su Shi took Jiang Yue Ming Yue as a metaphor and put forward that "the deceased is like this, but never had it; If the surplus is lacking, the dead will not ebb and flow. If we look at things from the perspective of change, the existence of heaven and earth is only a blink of an eye; If things and people are endless from the same perspective, why envy the river, the bright moon and the land! Naturally, there is no need to "mourn for a lifetime"! This shows Su Shi's open-minded world outlook and outlook on life. He is in favor of looking at the problem from multiple angles instead of absolutizing it. Therefore, he can maintain an open-minded, detached, optimistic and adaptive mental state in adversity, get rid of the impermanence of life and treat life rationally. Then, the author further explains that everything in the world has its own owner, and individuals can't force it. So what is our everything? The breeze on the river can be heard, the bright moon in the mountains is colorful, the mountains are endless, the wind and the moon are eternal, the world is selfless, and the music is entertaining. We can look around and enjoy ourselves. This situation is due to Li Bai's "Xiangyang Song": "The breeze and bright moon don't need a penny to buy, and Yushan won't be pushed", and then it deepened.
In the fifth paragraph, after listening to the author's dialogue, the author turned grief into joy and drank heartily. "Pillow in the boat, I don't know Oriental White." After reading the beginning, I wrote about the happiness of traveling and enjoying. As for forgetting my gains and losses, it is a realm of detachment.
Fang Bao, an ancient prose writer in the Qing Dynasty, commented on this article as follows: "What you see is unique, but the literary environment is unattainable, and the goodness is open because of leisure, and there are no distractions in the chest. It is exposed and fully considered. I don't know why. It's just that others can't imitate it, and even if Zi Zhan is conscious again, it can't be so adaptive and fluent. "Su Shi expressed his magnanimous mind through various artistic techniques. Only by forgetting my gains and losses and being open-minded can we write the poem "Red Wall Fu", which has an unattainable literary environment. (1) Combination of Parallel Rhythm and Powder
This paper not only retains the characteristics and charm of traditional poetry, but also absorbs the style and techniques of prose, breaking the shackles of the duality of sentence pattern and melody, and is more composed of prose, so that the article has both the profound charm of poetry and the penetrating power of prose. The style of prose makes the whole article feel depressed and frustrated. For example, Fountain Fountain is different from Fu's emphasis on duality, and it is relatively more free. For example, at the beginning of the paragraph, "Autumn is endless, July is looking forward to it, perilla and the guests are boating under the red cliff", and the whole article is full of loose sentences, which means sorting out. From the following to the end of the article, most of them rhyme, but the rhyme changes quickly, and the rhyme changes often in a paragraph, which makes this article especially suitable for reading, and the rhyme is very beautiful, which embodies the advantages of rhyme.
(2) Beautiful image and good at analogy.
For example, describe the bitterness and sorrow of the flute: "Its sound screams, like resentment, like crying, and the sound is endless. Dance in the valley, weep for the widow. " The six metaphors used in succession have rendered the sadness of the flute sound, and appealed the abstract and elusive sound to the reader's vision and hearing, making it concrete and sensible, with excellent results.