In the eleventh year of Emperor Taizong of the Yuan Dynasty (1239), Yuan Haowen returned to his hometown of Xiurong (today's Yixian County, Shanxi Province) after an absence of more than 20 years. At that time, the Jin Dynasty was dead, his biological mother Zhang had been deceased for a long time, and all the "maternal family members" were scattered. The small order "The Full Moon" was written at this time.
The first poem with the same title: "Chonggang has been separated from the world of mortals, and the villages are getting richer. I moved to the strategic location, with Xiu far away in the window, and pines growing behind the house. Planting trees in ten years, and planting grain in one year. All I have to do is pay for the children. The moon shines brightly when I wake up, and the breeze blows after I get drunk." It expresses the feeling of being separated from the world of the world and spending the rest of my life drunk. The poet obviously still has a lot to say, but it seems like he can't say anything. So a series of allusions with profound meanings replaced the author's confession and became the special scenery of this second piece.
Look at one or two sentences first. "There are thousands of peach trees in the Xuandu Temple", as mentioned in the annotation, is a sentence written by Liu Yuxi, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. In the spring of the 10th year of Yuanhe (815), Liu Yuxi was recalled to the capital from Langzhou. He saw people from the capital rushing to Xuandu to see the flowers. He said, "when the red dust of purple road blows on your face, everyone will see the flowers return", so he wrote The poem "A play is given to gentlemen who watch flowers". "The thousands of peach trees in Xuandu Temple were all planted after Liu Lang left." This is exactly how he felt when he returned to his old place after leaving Beijing for ten years. Fourteen years later, Liu Yuxi returned to the capital and visited Xuandu Temple again. At this time, "the hundred-acre atrium was half covered with moss, and all the peach blossoms were gone and the cauliflowers were blooming" ("Revisiting Xuandu Temple"). Yuan Haowen compared the beautiful appearance of his hometown, which he returned to after more than 20 years, to Liu Yuxi's view of Xuandu. Although he borrowed the original sentence of Liu Shi, the scene of "flowers falling and water flowing empty" is tragic. A hundred times more.
"Clear Jing and Turbid Wei, remove the Malay Cow" uses Du's poem. The original intention of Du's poem is to write the impression of the heavy rain in the middle of the river. It is so big that between the two Zhu cliffs, there is no way to tell the difference between cattle and horses." The author separated it from Du's poem, so it has nothing to do with the original interpretation, but purely brings a symbolic meaning of the complicated world and the confusion of right and wrong. The country has changed hands, and the hometown has changed. Regarding the current world in the "world of mortals", the word "don't ask" contains so much hidden pain!
The words "Xie Gong" and "Yang Tan" in the sixth and seventh sentences are allusions that form a single meaning. According to historical records, Xie An was squeezed out by Sima Daozi in his later years, so he left the capital Jiankang (today's Nanjing, Jiangsu) and left the town of Guangling. In the tenth year of Taiyuan (385), Xie An returned to Beijing after recovering from his illness. When he passed by Xizhou Gate, he said to his attendants: "I am very sick!" He died of illness soon after. His nephew Yang Tan was favored by Xie An, and since then he has been sad and no longer happy, and cannot bear to pass through Xizhou Gate again. Later, because he was drunk, he accidentally entered this restricted area and found it too late. The next day he recited the verses of Cao Zhi's "Honghou Yin" and left in mourning. Yuan Haowen not only used Xie An's "helping the sick" as a metaphor for his own decline in returning to his hometown, but also used Yang Tan's "cry" to represent his condolences for the death of his family members. The so-called "rest after getting drunk" is nothing more than It’s just forced self-anaesthesia.
As for the last two sentences of "living in luxurious houses on scattered hills", they are exactly the content of Cao Zhi's poem recited by Yang Tan. This is a de facto denial of "getting drunk as soon as you get drunk". "Survival" and "divination" have established an imaginary connection, which is the so-called "question deduction". To sum up, we can see that this short poem contains the author's extremely rich narrative meaning: when Liu Lang came back after his departure, he still saw "thousands of peach trees in Xuandu Temple", and now there are even There are no fragments of flowers, which shows that the hometown that the poet saw again is completely unrecognizable; "clear Jing, turbid and Wei, go to Malay and cattle" is not indistinguishable, but the author "don't ask questions" and is unwilling to go into detail about the world's affairs, which shows the changes in the country. After that, all thoughts were lost; the author would rather forget about Yang Tan's mourning and Xie An's death, which reflected the harsh reality of "who are the people in the old family now?" (the author's "Evening View of the East Garden"); and "living in a luxurious house" "Everywhere, scattered and returned to the hills" is quoted from Cao Zhi's poem, which is an ancient and modern truth. It is a deep lament on the finiteness of life and the impermanence of worldly affairs. Through a series of allusions and the use of previous sentences, the whole song expresses the vicissitudes of life when the country is destroyed and the family is destroyed, as well as the heavy mood of living in the East Garden of a foreign country and lingering for a while.
This poem is full of meaning and has a strong flavor of words. This is because "Ren Yue Yuan" was originally a ci pai, but was later converted into a ditty because it suited the Beiqu Gong tune; and secondly, because in the early days of Sanqu, there was no clear distinction between ci and music. Later Sanqu also used allusions or quotes from previous poems, but the examples and intentions were much more generous.