Bai Juyi
It is 100 feet high and 10 yards wide.
Born at the bottom of a ravine, cold and humble.
Mountains and rivers are dangerous,
Don't meet the job requirements and die of old age.
Tian Zi Tang Ming owes Liang Mu,
There are two things I don't know about this.
Who means the meaning of creation,
But not the same as the material.
Zhang Jin Shilu, Yuan Xianxian,
The clothes of cattle people are cold and cheap, but the story of diusim is expensive.
The story of dixin and niuyi,
Although there are differences in competition;
A master may not be smart,
People who go down are not necessarily stupid.
Don't you see the corals in the depths of the sea?
Plant elms in the sky!
Bai Juyi's Jane Song Di was written in Yuanhe four years (809). Yuan He, a three-year-old poet, was transferred from Hanlin Bachelor to Zuo Shiyi. Although his position is not high, his job is to make suggestions. He really did "observe the rules if there are mistakes, remonstrate if there are violations, observe the gains and losses of the court, and say nothing about the benefits and diseases of the world" ("Supplementing the Book"). He not only argued face to face with Xian Zong, but also wrote a lot of satirical poems to explain the sufferings of the people and make up for the current politics. As he himself said, "As an exhortation officer, please publish an exhortation article every month. In addition to playing, there are things that can help people cure diseases and make up for the lack of time. " Jane Song Di is one of the fifty satirical poems written in this period.
The name and meaning of the poem "Loose Sword" obviously comes from Zuo Si's second poem "Loose Jade Sword" in the Western Jin Dynasty. He was deeply moved by Zuo Si's poems, and he complained about the "loose bottom of the ravine" several times. Previously, he wrote "Ten Continuations of Ancient Poems" (the fourth poem) to explain the poem cloud:
Rain and dew long fiber grass, mountain seedlings high into the clouds; Snow and snow break wood, loose flow destroys wages. Wind damage. What does that mean? What is the reason for the long rain? A hundred feet died at the bottom of the valley, and an inch of stem springs on the mountain. Poor bitter man, I feel this tearful towel. How painful it is to say "make further progress"! Compared with Zuo Si's poems, although it is not as implicit as Zuo Si's poems, it is even more straightforward. However, Bai Juyi still felt dissatisfied and wrote this political satire with the theme of "pine and cypress at the bottom of the sword".
Poetry * * * 16 sentences. The first six sentences are about the pine trees at the bottom of the ravine, and the last ten sentences are closely related to the pine trees at the bottom of the ravine to express their feelings.
There are pine trees, which are 100 feet high and 10 in circumference, born at the bottom of the ravine, cold and humble. The first sentence points out what singing is and its characteristics. "Hundred feet", empty writing, extremely high; "Ten quantities" exaggerate its thickness, which shows that pine is good and available. The growth environment of the second sentence is "cold and humble" and the climate is cold and low. Although the two sentences are fourteen words, they are concise and lively, and the word "sword" is tightly buckled.
"The mountains and rivers are dangerous and people die, and old age and death are not related." I wrote it because the mountains are dangerous and inaccessible, the river bottom is loose and old, and I am good at measuring its materials.
"Tian Zi Tang Ming owes Liang Mu. There are two things I don't know about this." The emperor's high hall lacks pillars, and we need to look forward to it here but we don't know each other. The first sentence has pointed out that there are good trees, and the word "you" is used here, which is naturally connected.
The above is the first floor, lamenting the misfortune of pine trees at the bottom of the ravine.
Who is the metaphor of the creation of the sky, but it is not the same as the land. Who can understand the intention of nature, but this excellent material is nothing else. These two sentences are written as a link between the preceding and the following. From the perspective of poetry and structure, they are the transition from "predestination" to "gift giving".
The story of Zhang Jin, Yuan Shilu, Xian Xian, Niu Yi-han, and Xin Gui. "Zhang Jin" refers to Jin Ridi and Zhang Anshi, senior officials of Emperor Xuan Di of the Han Dynasty. They are extravagant and later used to refer to nobles. "Yuan Xian", Zi Zisi, a disciple of Confucius, is of high moral character (see Historical Records: Biography of Zhong Ni's Disciples). "Cow coat" refers to something that keeps cattle warm, made of hemp or straw. "History of Han Zhang Wang Biography" contains: Zhang Wang is ill, poor and exposed, lying in a cow's clothes. The story of diusim, an ornament on the crown of ancient princes, began with the military attache in Han Dynasty. The meaning of two sentences is: Zhang Jin is expensive because of wealth, and Yuan Xian who lives in the urn is the Great Sage; How can a cheap piece of cowhide compare with a luxurious story of diusim? These two sentences come from Zuo Si's poem "Zhang Jin borrows from the old merchants, seven leaves and two cold minks", and new words are cast, which are more vivid and vivid, with sharp contrast. "The story of Diusim and Niuyi, although there are differences in competition; High is not necessarily wise, and low is not necessarily stupid. " These words are the biggest warning. In particular, the last two sentences are expressed in the form of antithesis, in which the word "not necessarily" jumps out and makes things clear without absoluteness. This is a rather profound philosophy and simple dialectical view, and it is a bold denial of "Kamiuchi, a fool under the sun" that Confucianism has always advocated. As an official of the imperial court at that time, it is really commendable that the poet made such grandiose remarks.
Conclusion: "You didn't see that corals were born at the bottom of the deep sea and elms were planted in the sky." "Coral", a tropical marine life, is also called coral tree because its bones are connected with branches. "Lili" sentence: There is a poem in the ancient Yuefu saying, "What is in the sky? It's like planting white elm trees. " "vivid", the image is clear. The "white elm" in the ancient Yuefu originally refers to the stars, and here refers to the elm beside the stars. How can ordinary elms compare with precious coral trees? But elms are planted high in the sky, while corals sink to the bottom of the sea. It shows that high people are not necessarily wise and low people are not necessarily stupid. In the last two sentences, metaphor and contrast are used to make a further image supplement to the sentence "The highest is not necessarily wise". With these two sentences, poetry is more meaningful and memorable.
The above is the second level, and poetry has reached a new level, from the specific mention of Jane Disong's misfortune to the general mention of a phenomenon, which makes the theme more clear and deepened.
Bai Juyi's song "River Bottom Pine" is rich in meaning. The poet originally attached a caption: "I miss the cold so much, and I am in a good mood." "Jun Jun", Scout. Point out people who are humble but outstanding. It can be seen that this poem was written by the poet for Han Jun. Although the unreasonable employment system in the Tang Dynasty was improved through the imperial examination, compared with the unreasonable employment system in the Western Jin Dynasty, a truly talented scholar would often be abandoned and unknown without the recommendation of dignitaries. This unreasonable social phenomenon is quite common. Therefore, the poet grasped the cold and humble injustice of the pine trees at the bottom of the ravine, and it is of practical significance to satirize and criticize them.
Later, Bai Juyi expressed his wish in his poem "Pine Tree" with Yuan Zhen. He hopes that all the pine trees at the bottom of the ravine will become "pavilion-climbing pine trees, and the sun will rise all his life." Sen Shen Tian, Ke Tiaobaichi "; At the same time, he appealed to talented people that "it can still be cut into pillars"; Replacing the loyal "pine tree" expresses the ambition of life: "Kill yourself and get your place, and build a hall for the monarch. "It's a pity for talents and concern for the country and people can be seen on paper. Judging from the title of the poem, although this poem is about objects, it is different from ordinary poems about objects. Generally speaking, poems about objects often grasp the spirit of objects on the basis of objects, making them have both form and spirit, meaning and sustenance. Their meaning and sustenance are restricted by what they sing, expressed through things, and made people think. But this poem does not capture the spirit of things with pen and ink, but takes the pine tree at the bottom of the ravine as the protagonist, uses the topic to play digression, and does not infiltrate emotion into the image, just as the poems of Tang and Song Dynasties commented on this poem: "The pine tree is concrete, and the golden Zhang Yuan fairy is positive. Thereby receiving the artistic effect of sending feelings far away.
The language form of this poem not only has the consistent style of plain poetry, but also embodies the characteristics of Yuefu poetry. From the sentence pattern, the whole poem is mainly composed of seven words, and five words and ten words are occasionally mixed; From the perspective of rhyme, the first six sentences are flat, the middle four sentences are flat and the last six sentences are flat. This uneven sentence structure and flexible and free Ye Yun style form a changeable sense of rhythm and sonorous poetic beauty, thus expressing the theme appropriately.
For Ouyang Yi, this is a year of dreaming of leaving home.
The unknown ghost's sentence is half down, and the breeze is loose in the evening.
Zhao Wei said that when Matsushima Crane wrote back, Orange Island was full of dreams.
Lu Guimeng's sentence "Xishan is naturally a cool country, and pine and bamboo seal small Sahou".
Chen Peng said that the bamboo fence is sparse, and the hut leaks when it rains all night. (Title Songshan)
Liao Ning's words fell on the top of the tree, only to know that the pines and cypresses were green. ("fallen leaves")
Shangguan Zhao Rong took 25 random bullets to visit Liu Beichi, Princess of Changning, in Zhu Ying, and the voices were soaring. Don't disturb singing, be self-sufficient and entertain yourself.
An ancient tombstone in Che Ling is folded, and the barren ridge is sparse with pine and cypress. (Tomb of the Wounded)
Shangguan Zhao Rong visited Princess Changning's flowing cup pool, and 25 branches were gloomy and elegant. The mountain forest is the companion, and Songgui is the neighbor.
Xiao, Jiang Youfeng, there are ten chapters in an article. I am a friend, the son of Peter Lu. Loose as qi, Shu asked.
Hanyu Mountain is pale (Zhongtiao Mountain is in the west of the Yellow River), and the river is yellow. The waves have gone, and the pine and cypress are on the hill.
Yuan Chun said that all his brothers tried their best, and pine and cypress asked who it was. (Sister in Los Angeles)
Fu is just idle and is his companion every day. I don't know this interesting person, but I am a light-hearted monk.
Li Shimin intoned, the mountain is close to the valley, and the peak is opposite to the lotus. The diameter is thin and full, and it is small and does not contain smoke.
Li Longji continued Xue Lingzhi's topic: the distance between wall pecking wood and tapir is long, and the phoenix feather is short. Suffering from the cold, let Sang Yu warm me.
Shangguan Zhao Rong visited Princess Changning's Liu Beichi. 25 songs climb vines to attract guests, and Yan Gui's evil affair is suppressed. Look at the shadows in the water and listen to the wind.
Shangguan Zhao Rong visited twenty-five pieces of Changning Princess Liu Beichi, and temporarily visited Renzhi House, feeling lonely and loose. Send a message to avoid visitors and don't go to Peng Ying again.
Zhang Jiuling replied that Lu Li pine leaves are good wine, and as much as spring comes. Although the mountain road is far away, I will not refuse your kind invitation; Even if the snow is thick, visit the snow. It's spring and the ice has melted.
Wang Wei's other business when he left Wang Chuan was postponed, and he was disappointed with pineapple. Don't go to Qingshan, it's like green water.
There are 20 songs in Wangchuan, Pei Di. The sunset in Huazigang is relaxing, and the grass is dew at home. Cloud light invades shoes, and mountain green clothes brush people's clothes.
Liu Changqing listened to the seven silk on the piano, thinking of a cold wind in the pines. Although I like this ancient song very much, most people don't play it today.
Li Bai Tongguanshan drunk quatrain I love Tongguanqu, and I won't return it for a thousand years. If you want to return to the dance sleeve, you will sweep the Songshan Mountain.
Li Bai lazily shook the white feather fan of Shan Ye in summer, naked in the green forest. Take off the headscarf and hang it on the rock wall, leaving the cool breeze between the pines and the pines overhead.
Wei sent the ladies to spend the night, and the gauze lanterns were placed on the west porch. I remember when I was in Matsushita, I sat alone in a mountain monk.
Su Yongyang, Wei, sent lawyers all the way to the magistrate of a county to fast the night and seal the pine and bamboo with frozen snow. Here comes the monk. Hang a light and be alone.
Wei Xuexing sent Zanzi, dressed in a cold ride, floating in the dark. It's dawn in the county, and you can see fir and pine trees on the clouds.
Wei sent twenty-two members to sing "I walk in the cool autumn night and think of you" and sing my autumn night poems. Pine nuts fell on the mountain, and you seem to wake up.
Wei's "Amber Fu" used to be an old song, originally it was a cold pine juice. Mosquitoes fall in and can be smashed for thousands of years.
Cen Can titled Jingxing Li Shuangxi Taoist's grain pine wine, the home of Shuangxi Taoist. Just shrink the land, don't teach credit in the countryside.
Yao sits in late autumn, leaves in the middle of the night and never sleeps. Truffles fall in the middle of the month, and the wind attracts cranes to smell.
Pei Yi directly paid Lu Langzhong to visit the temple, but when he saw this move, he occasionally went out to see tourists off, but he didn't know how to visit the Vatican. Qiu Guang ancient Panasonic, once accompanied by a fairy Weng.
Pei Yi told a fable that Qiu Shu was warm and had not withered for a long time. There is no need to shake the temporary green branches.
Pei Yi ordered Hezhou to buy pine trees to discover the quality of frost, and still had to plant them with rain. You know, on the day of cutting bamboo, it's loose.
Du Mu sent Xue to Hunan to visit the wine brewed by Jiafu Song, which was more beautiful and fragrant. I pity you for dreaming and walking around Xiaoxiang.
Yu Fu gave the gift to Hu Jian, an empty Zen master. He practiced for a long time and learned about Xia Lagao. Lengtang sat in the wind and rain, his eyes still rough.
Buddhist temples have no flowers, and cranes are loose and straight. I will be lonely here, and I will know each other in the mountains.
Ma Dai's Chronicle of Huangshen Valley was thunderstruck, breaking the portal. Yunlong suddenly changed, but he felt a dull pain in Yutan.
The Taoist priest gave alms to Ma Dai, lived in Baiyun Cave, and paid attention to the Red Pine Sutra. Often burn incense and fight stars on Longtan.
Yu Xingzong Dongyang Hanbi Pavilion (Jinhua Zhi: Dongyang was ordered to create this pavilion at the beginning of Xingzong), with tall bamboo and pine trees and green leaves facing the wind. The road plays dirty, and cold produces summer heat.
Jia Dao: "I asked your students under a pine tree," My teacher went to collect medicine. " . However, through these clouds, how can I know which corner of the mountain it is facing? .
Four empty pictures are a matter of nine failing temples, and Dan ladder is a danger. Pine must grow according to the stone, and cranes are not inferior to people.
Si Kongtu's nine trips surprised the summer, and Komatsu was in front of the court. The distant peak is expensive, and the waning moon shrinks.
Four empty pictures and miscellaneous questions Nine streams rise near the fisherman's house, and the smoke collection path is high. It's a pity that the pine flowers float, and Li Sao sleeps.
Zheng Gu Zhongtai Five Questions: What is the loose height of milk wool and the number of milk wool? It's freezing at night, so I'm sorry to accompany Cao.
Xie Qian's untitled trip to the river, a hundred songs, and a road to Songmen. Live up to the beautiful scenery and open a bottle of wine.
Cui Daorong was lonely when he visited a monk, so he locked a mountain house under the forest. Although pine and bamboo are silent, they borrow clothes to enjoy the cool at night.
In summer, Cao Song came to the autumn in his third year in Dongzhai, and occasionally stood on the threshold. Less heat and more wind, get to the point.
Cao Song said that the water in the stone vein drips into the spring sand, and the ghost lamp first blooms with pine and cypress flowers. ("Yin Chuang Miscellaneous Notes")
Nanxi has Xianxi, Cengongyan and Maran, which are beyond human resources. The breeze blows, the sun sets and the sky is empty.
Jong Li's feelings show that he loves Song and pity Tao. If you want to help the world, Sanzhe is willing to discuss it.
Li's two poems, Mao's, are all there, and the haze is clear. Why should I knock, loose the path and empty the moon.
Xu's garden tree pine festival lasts for a long time, and the roots must be blown frequently. Every male has his own nature, and peaches and plums compete for spring.
Cheng Jiangjiangfeng is even more depressed and does not compete with Song Junyi. A leaf falls on the fisherman, and the sunset brings autumn colors.
If there were no snow and frost the day after Bei Tang made his mistake, pine trees would be worse than grass. If there are no mountains and rivers, who will level the road again?
Wu Gong's quatrains went to China, weaving hair and hiding old traces. Every autumn, pine a few trees alone.
Hermits on the mountain should answer that people come under pine trees and sleep on high pillows and stones. There is no calendar in the mountains, and I don't know what month the cold used to be.
Xue Tao's wind is smart, the breeze is far away, and the strings are fluttering. The forest tops ring, and the pine path is lonely at night.
Xue Tao sent him to the border with two poems by Wei Linggong (one is about Wei Linggong's feelings), but he still didn't listen, and the news spread to the north to worry. But he taught me to punish my concubine severely and dared not ask Songzhou.
Jiao Ran, who lives in the lower house of Hokkeji in autumn, expects a gift from the roof, such as a gift from the roof. Shadows can't grow alone, and the streets are cold and cloudy.
Frost and cold branches are stronger,
The cliff is steep in your arms.
Heaven and earth store gas,
Don't shake the willow.
Last year, the frost weighed ten thousand branches.
Pine needles are as green as fresh leaves.
Strong roots and steep edges.
Strong winds, bright festivals, proud ice and cold.
The vicissitudes of life have passed the ancient roots,
Stand tall and climb with a bird's eye view;
Screen the moon to welcome the rising sun,
Open-minded, cold-tolerant.
The snow is loose,
The pine trees are tall and straight,
You know, loose and noble,
When the snow melts.
A silver moon is passing through the pine forest.
The clear stream gurgled over the stone.