However, in the writing of ancient poems, it is very important that "all scenery and words are sentimental", that is, many descriptions are aimed at setting off the poet's psychology or giving him some special feelings.
For example, "A leopard cannot change his spots, but a leopard cannot change his spots." These two sentences were written by Du Fu when the country was at war for years. Although spring is a prosperous season, it is full of vitality, but because the poet's feelings of worrying about the country and the people are integrated into it, the deep vegetation also presents a sad tone. Similarly, "Peach blossoms are three or two outside the bamboo, and the duck is warmed by spring water" describes the lightness of spring, and the lines are full of the joy of the poet.
A little humble opinion, I hope it will be useful to you.
The following is a detailed introduction to the rhetoric of ancient poetry, not limited to the poems described in the four seasons:
◆ metaphor
Fireflies have light, not real fire, dew on lotus leaves, although round is a natural pearl? (Bai Juyi's Five Gossips (I))
"The grass firefly is not a fire, but the lotus dew is a bead." The two sentences of tie are metaphors. Fireflies in the grass, although bright, are not fire after all; Although the dew on the lotus leaf is spherical, is it a pearl? However, they can dazzle people with their shiny and sparkling appearance, and people are often deceived by illusions.
◆ Repeatedly
Flowers are not flowers, and fog is not fog (Bai Juyi, flowers are not flowers)
◆ analogy
Zhu Qingyu's Boudoir Sacrifice to Zhang Shui Department
Last night, the candles in the bridal chamber were lit all night, waiting for dawn to worship the parents-in-law.
After putting on makeup, I asked my husband in a low voice: Is thrush deep and fashionable?
Comparing the love relationship between husband and wife or men and women with friends, teachers, students and other social relationships is a traditional way of expression in China's classical poems, which appeared in The Songs of the South and developed afterwards. This poem is also written in this way.
◆ Metonymy
Laughter fades away (Xin Qiji, Yu An, Yuan)
Anxiang agent woman
◆ Contrast
Bai Juyi in "Light Fat" and Xin Qiji in "Qing Yu Anyuan Xi"
◆ exaggeration
Poet Li Bai wrote an insurmountable obstacle in history with exaggerated pen and ink, which combined the myth of "Five Dingshan" and touched the magical color, just like the overture of a movement, which was fascinating and wonderful.
◆ Duality
Falling Flowers Independent, Swift Qi Fei. The soul of the eye will be broken, but the dream of the year will not be broken. ("Spring Remnant" Ewong?)
These two sentences are exquisite, profound, euphemistic, implicit, beautiful without being carved, and they are good sentences.
◆ rhetorical question
Who can say that a filial child like the weak can repay his mother's love like the sunshine in spring?
◆ Ask questions
Twenty-three horse poems (No.5) Li He
The desert sand is like snow, and the Yanshan moon is like a hook. Don't be a golden brain, go and step on the clear autumn.
The last two sentences are done in one go, starting with "when", which strongly conveys infinite hope and sighs; The word "Treading in the Clear Autumn" is forceful and novel in collocation. Covered with "clear autumn" grass and yellow horse fertilizer, it is only driven by the word "go quickly", which means the graceful charm of the horse.
◆ Synaesthesia
It's good to listen to the flute on the plug
Snow-clean horses graze in the daytime, and Qiangdi guards the building in the moonlight.
Excuse me, where did the plum blossom fall? The wind blew all over the mountain overnight.
The beauty of three or four sentences is not limited to this. Disassembling Plum Blossom Falls constitutes a virtual scene, as if the wind blows not the flute but the fallen plum flowers, which are scattered all over the place, and overnight, the color and fragrance spread all over the mountain. Of course, this is an audio-visual writing, but it is an illusion formed by disassembling the title of the song, so it is empty and empty to ask questions. And this kind of virtual scene and the real snow and moonlight scene just blend together, and the reality is intertwined, forming a wonderful and far-reaching scene, which is difficult for any clever painter to draw. At the same time, it also contains synaesthesia, that is, the component of "thinking about shape" by listening to music. When soldiers listen to music, they think of plum blossoms in their hometown (there are no plum blossoms in Alakazam), but they think of the autumn of plum blossoms. Homesickness is also included in the sentence.
◆ Irony
Two Poems by Li Shangyin in the Northern Qi Dynasty
Once the king was fascinated by beauty, he sowed the seeds of national subjugation and began to lament with thorns in his palace. When the northern Zhou army entered the palace that night, the battle report of the northern Zhou army advancing to Jinyang has been issued.
A clever smile can tell that the enemy can compete with thousands of machines, and the whole city had better wear military uniforms. Yang had fallen far behind the left, and Maple flew to ask the left to go hunting again.
"Qiao Qian Xi, beautiful eyes looking forward to Xi" is a charming expression to describe beautiful women in the Book of Songs. "Clever smile" and "various machines", the relationship between a woman and the world, can be seen at a glance. To say that Qiaoxiao is comparable to Every Opportunity is to satirize Gao Wei's ignorance with irony. "Know" is what you know, which means very spicy. For example, the sentence "laugh and die" is a hot curse, and this sentence is a cold discussion. One of the ways Gao Wei and Shu Fei have fun is hunting. In Gao Wei's eyes, Shu Fei, armed with hunting weapons, is particularly charming, so the saying that "the whole city is best to wear military uniforms" is ironic and has subtext. In ancient times, many female heroes, their dashing and heroic, really gave people a beautiful feeling. However, Shu Fei's action of wearing military uniform is not for the world, but for the world. Gao Wei is not obsessed with heroism, but shyness. They take part in accidental amusement, put on military uniforms and forget the powerful enemy country.
◆ Aluminum foil
Ozawa's water vapor transpiration on the cloud soil is white, and the waves seem to shake the whole Yueyang.
A Letter from Dongting Lake to Prime Minister Alina Zhang Haoran
These two sentences are called famous sentences describing Dongting Lake. But there are still differences between the two sentences: the first sentence uses a broad plane to set off the vastness of the lake, and the second sentence uses a narrow three-dimensional to reflect the momentum of the lake. Dongting Lake described by the poet is not only vast, but also full of vitality.
◆ Intertext
Send someone back to the east.
Wen tingjun
And the yellow leaves, those with yellow leaves, fall in the abandoned camp, and you bid farewell to Gusai.
The rustling autumn wind will take you to Hanyang Ferry, and the first sunrise will meet you in Yingshan.
Several friends and relatives in Jiangdong are waiting for your boat to return from the horizon.
I ask you again and again, when will we meet again and have a drink to comfort your face.
Couplets are intertextual, which means: there is a gust of wind blowing at Hanyang Ferry in the morning, and the rising sun illuminates the top of the camp gate in the gust. On the first day, it was obvious that the farewell was in the early morning. Hanyangdu, the Yangtze River Ferry, is in Wuhan, Hubei Province today; Yingmen Mountain is located on the south bank of the Yangtze River in the northwest of Yidu County, Hubei Province. Two places, one in the east and the other in the west, are thousands of miles apart and will not appear in the field of vision at the same time. Here refers to mountains and rivers, thus showing a vast and magnificent realm, and making friends with towering mountains, vast rivers, rustling autumn wind and rising sun.
◆ Pun
Picking lotus seeds (2)
Huangfusong
The boat moved in the lake and saw young people believe that the boat was greedy.
People will be ashamed for a long time if they throw lotus seeds into the water for no reason.
The lake is rippling, and so is the girl's heart. Suddenly, the girl grabbed a handful of lotus seeds and threw them at the young man on the shore. This throw is full of banter, ridicule and admiration, which further vividly shows the unrestrained and enthusiastic character of girls in Jiangnan water towns. Since the Southern Dynasties, the popular love songs in the south of the Yangtze River often do not directly say things like "love" and "lovesickness", but form puns with homophones.