#abilitiestraining# Introduction "Poems of a Thousand Families" broadly reflected the social reality of the Tang and Song Dynasties, so it was widely circulated among the people and had a far-reaching influence. Below are five selected poems from Qianjia Poetry Appreciation shared by None. Welcome to read and reference!
1. Selected Appreciation of Qianjia's Poems
Jiangnan Spring
Du Mu (Tang Dynasty)
Thousands of miles of orioles sing green and reflect red, and the water Cunshanguojiuqifeng.
There are four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasties, and many towers are in the mist.
Appreciation
This song "Jiangnan Spring" has been famous for thousands of years. The poem not only depicts the bright spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, but also reproduces the misty and rainy terrace scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, making the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River more magical and confusing, and has a special interest. The charming Jiangnan, dyed with the poet's wonderful pen, becomes even more heart-stirring. The four sentences of this poem are all landscape language, with many images and scenery, including plants and animals, sounds and colors, and the scenery can be divided into far and near. The combination of movement and stillness gives each one its own characteristics. The whole poem uses brisk words and very general language to depict a vivid, colorful and powerful picture of Jiangnan Spring, presenting a deep and beautiful artistic conception and expressing wisps of implicit and profound emotions. It has enjoyed a high reputation for thousands of years.
The first sentence is "Thousands of miles away, the oriole cries and the green reflects the red." At the beginning of the poem, the poet broadens his horizons and imagines the entire Jiangnan land from the spring scenery in front of him. Thousands of miles south of the Yangtze River, there are singing and dancing birds everywhere, peach red and green willows, a scene full of spring. In writing, the poet first used the technique of contrast, matching "red flowers" with "green leaves", and using the word "ying" to highlight the colorful scene of "Jiangnan Spring" from a perspective. At the same time, the poet also expressed the lively scene of singing and dancing birds in the spring of Jiangnan from the perspective of sound and hearing. The "thousand miles" in the poem is very subtle and weighty. It not only expands the aesthetic realm of the poem in space, but also lays the foundation for the subsequent description.
The second sentence is "Shui Cun Shan Guo Wine Flag Wind". "Shanguo" mountain city. Refers to a city built at the foot of a mountain. "Wine flags" refer to the banners hung outside hotels in ancient times. This sentence means that in villages near the water and in cities near the mountains, there are wine flags fluttering in the wind everywhere. Here, the poet uses the rhetorical technique of Liejin to describe the objects that come into view - water villages, mountains, and wine flags. These objects, from large to small, not only show a certain spatial position, but also highlight the unique architectural features of Jiangnan where the "village" and "guo" are surrounded by mountains and rivers. In particular, the word "wind" not only adds to the dynamic sense of the poem, but also better highlights the "wine flag", thereby adding to the cultural heritage and humanistic flavor of the poem.
The third sentence "Four Hundred and Eighty Temples in the Southern Dynasties", "Southern Dynasties" refers to the four dynasties of Song, Qi, Liang and Chen after the Eastern Jin Dynasty and before the Sui Dynasty, all of which had their capitals in Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province). ), known as the Southern Dynasties in history. "Four hundred and eighty temples" refers to the many Buddhist temples. Because at that time, Buddhism was very popular in the Southern Dynasties and many temples were built. This sentence means that there are more than 480 ancient temples left in the Southern Dynasties. Here, the poet turns around the "Shui Cun Shan Guo Wine Flag Style", focuses his sight on the "temple", expands his imagination space, and traces his thinking back to the "Southern Dynasties". This enhances the historical and cultural implications of the poem and enhances the aesthetics of the poem. realm. At the same time, the poet uses "temple" to refer to Buddhism and uses the imaginary number "four hundred and eighty" to modify it. This not only makes the poem rich in image, but also echoes the "thousand miles" in the first sentence. More importantly, it expresses the Southern Dynasty. The prevalence of Buddhism in that era laid the foundation for the lyricism in the following conclusion.
The fourth sentence "How many towers are in the mist and rain". "Misty rain" refers to the misty drizzle like smoke. The meaning of this sentence is that countless buildings are shrouded in wind, smoke, clouds and rain. Here, the poet does not use "temple" but replaces it with "balcony". This is not only to avoid repetition of words, but also to adapt to the "misty rain" environment. Here, through the combination of fiction and reality, the poet sees history before his eyes, and feels extremely emotional in his heart - history is always developing and changing, and the replacement of dynasties is inevitable. Here, the poet appreciates the natural beauty of Jiangnan Spring with an aesthetic eye; the poet uses profound thinking to travel through time and space and comprehend the aesthetic significance of history and culture.
Du Mu is particularly good at painting gorgeous and moving pictures in just four sentences and twenty-eight characters, presenting a deep and beautiful artistic conception, expressing subtle and profound emotions, and giving people a sense of wonder. The enjoyment of beauty and the enlightenment of thought. "Jiang Nanchun" reflects that the aesthetics in Chinese poetry and painting are transcending time and space, indifferent and free and easy, and have the "sudden enlightenment" thoughts of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Zen, and they mostly express poems about nostalgia for the past, seclusion, and freehand brushwork. Affection.
Differences in Appreciation
Regarding the purport of the quatrains in "Jiang Nanchun", there is a big disagreement as to whether or not it borrows from the past to satirize the present.
Some researchers have put forward the "irony theory", believing that the emperors of the Southern Dynasties used to worship Buddha in Chinese history, and that Buddhism in Du Mu's era also developed viciously, and Du Mu had anti-Buddhist thoughts, so The last two sentences are sarcastic. Some people think that the main purpose is to promote Confucianism and exclude Buddhism, to express worries about the rulers' inability to govern the country and Buddhism to mislead the country; or they think that the main purpose is to use the past to satirize the present, and to satirize the rulers' excessive construction and construction of Buddhist temples, which will lead to the weakening of the country's power, the decline of people's livelihood, and aggravation of social crises. They believe that the poets of the late Tang Dynasty had a feeling of concern for the country and the people. There was no lack of irony in their aesthetics, and the connotation of their poems was also richer.
Some researchers disagree.
They just think that this poem only describes the beautiful scenery of Jiangnan and expresses the poet's praise and fascination for the scenery of Jiangnan. To understand poetry, we should first start from the artistic image and should not make abstract inferences. Du Mu's opposition to Buddhism does not mean that he must also dislike the Buddhist temple buildings left over from history. When he was in Xuanzhou, he often visited Kaiyuan Temple and other places. I also visited some temples in Chizhou and made friends with monks. His poems, such as "Yunzhe Temple on Jiuhua Mountain Road, Liufu Bridge on the Qingyi River", "Where spring rain sings leisurely in the autumn mountains, leaning against the temple towers in Jiangnan", all show that he still appreciates the towers of Buddhist temples.
2. Selected Appreciation of Qianjia's Poems
Send to Guo Sicang
Tang Dynasty Poet: Wang Changling
Reflecting the green water of Huaihe River on the door, leaving behind Rider's heart.
The bright moon follows the good weather, and the spring tide is deep every night.
Appreciation
This is a work expressing friendship and a farewell poem. The whole article describes the poet's deep feelings for his friends, and his feelings are expressed in great detail.
The beginning of the poem uses a painterly description to point out the time and place. This is a place near the water. The green color of the Huaihe River is reflected on the door. It must be night. During the day, the shadow of the sun on the water must be flickering, and the color cannot be clearly seen. Only the calm water in the quiet night will put green on the door of other people's houses. Of course, this speculation is made because the poet also wrote a sentence about staying as a guest. It must have been late and the host and guest were inconvenienced, so the poet would have the intention to stay. The following two short sentences both have the meaning of blessing. In particular, the rising moon is used as a metaphor for the development of his friend, which shows that the poet not only hopes that he will have a high official position and a good salary, but also hopes that he can become an upright and honest official. The poet is really treating his friends with a kind heart. The tide of the Huaihe River in spring rises every night. The poet uses the tide to describe his longing for his friends. Even though it is exaggerated, it also vividly visualizes the invisible mood, and the poet's longing suddenly becomes vivid. Metaphors serve to explain and deepen understanding.
The author uses the green of the Huai River to express the host's eagerness to welcome guests, and uses the bright moon and spring tide to express the sorrow of separation. Starting from the environment, the author lets the surrounding scenery express his mood and thoughts. This technique They account for the majority of Wang Changling's farewell poems.
The feelings for friends in this piece of writing are specific and profound, the material selection is distinctive, and the material is highly targeted.
3. Selected Appreciation of Qianjia's Poems
Woyi Alley
Liu Yuxi (Tang Dynasty)
Wild grass and flowers beside the Suzaku Bridge, Crow The sun sets at the entrance of Yixiang.
In the old days, the king Xietang Qianyan flew into the homes of ordinary people.
. The poet had never been to Jinling before, and he had always longed for this ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. A friend happened to show him five poems he had written in praise of Jinling's historical sites, and he took advantage of the opportunity and wrote five poems. Wuyi Alley was originally a place where nobles lived in the Six Dynasties and was the most prosperous. Nowadays, the famous Zhuque Bridge is covered with weeds. There are no cars and horses coming or going at the entrance of Wuyi Alley. Only the setting sun shines slantingly on the deep wall of the past.
The first sentence is "Wild grass and flowers beside the Zhuque Bridge." The Zhuque Bridge spans the Qinhuai River in Nanjing and is the only way from the city center to Wuyi Lane. The bridge and Wuyi Lane on the south bank of the river are not only adjacent in location, but also related in history. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wuyi Lane was the inhabited area of ??the Gaomen Tu ethnic group. The founding father Wang Dao and Xie An, who directed the Battle of Feishui, both lived here. The heavy tower decorated with two bronze birds on the Old Bridge was built by Xie An. Literally, Zhuque Bridge and Wuyi Lane are in harmony with each other. Using Zhuque Bridge to outline the environment of Wuyi Lane not only conforms to the geographical reality, but also creates a sense of contrast and evokes relevant historical associations. It is a choice of "killing three birds with one stone". The most striking thing in the sentence is the wild grass and wild flowers growing beside the bridge. The grass is growing and the flowers are blooming, indicating that it is spring. The word "wild" is placed in front of "grass and flowers", which adds a remote atmosphere to the scenery. In addition, these wild grasses and wild flowers are growing beside the Suzaku Bridge, which is always busy with travelers, which makes us think that there may be a deep meaning in it.
I remember that the author once used "weeds" to symbolize decline in the poem "Ten thousand households and thousands of doors become weeds" ("Taicheng"). Now, in this poem, the emphasis on "weeds and flowers" in this way just shows that the Zhuque Bridge, which used to be bustling with traffic, is now desolate and desolate!
The second sentence "The sunset is setting at the entrance of Wuyi Alley" shows that Wuyi Alley is not only set against the background of the decayed and desolate ancient bridge, but also appears in the afterglow of the setting sun. The word "Xie" in the sentence, which is interpreted as "Xiezhao", corresponds to the word "花" in the previous sentence, which is interpreted as "花花". They are all used as verbs. They both describe the dynamics of the scenery. "Sunset", the sunset in the west, and the word "slant" highlighted the bleak scene of the setting sun. Originally, the entrance of Wuyi Alley in its heyday was supposed to be a place where clothes were coming and going, and cars and horses were noisy. But now, the author uses a ray of slanting light to completely envelope Wuyi Lane in a lonely and bleak atmosphere.
After the environment and the atmosphere are enhanced, it seems that it is time to turn to a positive description of the changes in Wuyi Lane and express the author's emotions.
However, the author did not use too superficial writing methods, such as, "Who lives in Wuyi Lane? Looking back makes people remember Xie's family" (Sun Yuanyan's "Ode to Wuyi Lane"), "Wang Xie's house is nowhere to be found, the flowers fall and the birds sing in the spring." "(Anonymous) and so on; instead, he continued to use the description of the scenery to write a famous sentence: "In the old days, the swallows in front of the king's hall flew into the homes of ordinary people." Unexpectedly, he suddenly turned his brushstrokes to the flying swallows nesting in the sky over Wuyi Lane, asking people to follow the direction of the swallows' flight and identify them. Ordinary people now live in Wuyi Lane.
In order for readers to clearly understand the poet’s intention, the author specifically pointed out that these swallows that now fly into the homes of ordinary people to build nests used to inhabit the high halls of Wang Dao and Xie An’s wealthy families. The old swallows above the eaves and purlins. The word "old times" gives Yanzi the status of a historical witness. The word "ordinary" emphasizes how different people today are from the past. From it, we can clearly hear the author's infinite emotion about the vicissitudes of this change. The design of Feiyan's image seems to come easily, but in fact it embodies the author's artistic ingenuity and rich imagination. Fu Xian of the Jin Dynasty said in "The Preface to Yan Fu": "It is said that the swallow nests here this year and will come back next year. It will pass away and you will know it by cutting your claws. The consequences will be severe." Of course, in life, even those with extremely long lifespans Yanzi cannot be the old Yan who was "in front of Wang Xietang" four hundred years ago. However, the author grasps the characteristics of swallows as migratory birds that inhabit old nests, which is enough to arouse readers' imagination, hint at the past prosperity of Wuyi Lane, and play a role in highlighting the contrast between the past and the present. In terms of artistic expression, "Wo Yi Xiang" focuses on depicting the current situation of Bird Yi Xiang; its past is only subtly hinted at. The poet's emotion is hidden and hidden in the description of the scenery. Therefore, although the scenery in it is ordinary and the language is simple, it has an implicit beauty that makes people read it with endless aftertaste.
This poem describes the poet’s deep feelings about the ups and downs. Zhuque Bridge and Wuyi Lane are still the same, but overgrown with weeds and the setting sun has set. The desolate scene already implies the poet's sensitive experience of prosperity and decline. The last two sentences use the swallow's nest to express the author's lament about the vicissitudes of life, the ups and downs of the world, and the writing style is particularly tortuous. This poem is the second in Liu Yuxi's epic poem "Five Titles of Jinling".
4. Selected Appreciation of Qianjia Poems
A Gift to Liu Pingshi on the Dark Day of March
Poet of the Tang Dynasty: Jia Dao
March On the 30th day, the scenery left me groaning.
I don’t need to sleep with you tonight, it’s still spring before dawn.
Appreciation
Jia Dao was a well-known poet in the Tang Dynasty. He was good at five-character verses and concentrated the most five-character verses. His rhymed poems are well-chosen and neatly arranged, and often contain good lines that are thought-provoking. Such as "Autumn wind blows on the Wei River, and fallen leaves cover Chang'an", "People fishing for the moon on the Yangtze River, fires in the wilderness burn the wind", "Birds stay in the trees by the pond, and monks knock on the door under the moon", etc., or the scene is majestic, or the scene is lonely, which is quite popular among people. chant. However, except for some good lines, he did not write many good verses. This is because he was too obsessed with the contemplation of words and sentences, and often ignored the creation of the overall artistic realm of the whole poem. Therefore, although his five-character rhyme poems have neat contrasts, they still have traces of carving, are not natural enough, and lack touching feelings, leaving no complete impression after reading them. On the contrary, some of his quatrains have no intention of seeking craftsmanship and are written in a natural, simple and unique way. This poem is one of the better works.
This is a seven-character quatrain expressing spring. What this poem tries to express is that the poet can't bear to send the spring back, but he has nothing to do. He can only sit for a long time without sleeping, and watch the remaining nights with the spring that is about to pass away. Even for a moment, it is worth it. It is cherished. The first sentence "March is the 30th day" points out the dark day of March and expresses that spring is about to pass. March is originally the last month of spring, and the 30th is the last day of this month. The poet has precised the departure of spring to the last day, which makes people feel novel and natural. The second sentence "I groan when the scenery leaves me" means: Although the spring has passed away from me, how can I, a person who chants poetry bitterly, bear to say goodbye to spring. Instead of saying goodbye to spring, saying "farewell me with the scenery" is a false expression of the word "farewell". This sentence uses an anthropomorphic technique, which makes it appear natural and affectionate.
"I don't need to sleep with you tonight, it's still spring before dawn." The first sentence states that the poet and his friends wish to stay up all night, while the second sentence expresses the purpose of doing so, which is just to stay The last glimmer of spring. The first two sentences refer to spring accurately to the last day, but here it is accurate to the moment. The last two sentences say that although spring has come to an end and there is no way to retain spring, as long as the morning bell does not move, the summer of the Ming Dynasty will still be spring in the future. Therefore, on this last night, I would like to stay up with my friends and drink wine together to show my farewell, so that I can still enjoy the last night of spring well. The three words "It's still spring" are like what Su Shi of the Song Dynasty said, "A moment of spring night is worth a thousand pieces of gold." This poem has the meaning of "why not travel by candlelight" in ancient poetry. But the purpose of the two is not the same. The author of the ancient poem took a candlelight tour at night because he lamented that life is short and time is fleeting, so he should enjoy himself in time; the author of this poem stayed up all night just to linger in the spring and cherish the time. There is no sentimentality. The author just wants to cherish time. , reciting poems assiduously, which led to the spirit of "perseverance" from the farewell spring scenery.
5. Selected Appreciation of Qianjia's Poems
Chuzhou West Stream
Tang Dynasty Poet: Wei Yingwu
Lonely Pity grows by the grassy stream , there are orioles singing in the deep trees.
The spring tide brings rain that comes late, and there is no boat crossing the wild river.
Appreciation
This is a short poem about scenery, describing what I saw during a spring trip to Chuzhou’s West Stream to enjoy the scenery and the rainy Yedu in the late tide. The first two sentences describe the spring scenery, loving the quiet grass and valuing the oriole, which is a metaphor for keeping the festival and being jealous of the beauty; the last two sentences describe the scene of the spring tide with rain and the rushing water, which contains a feeling of being out of place and unable to do so. Its use is helpless sadness. The whole poem expresses the tranquility and sadness.
The poem writes about late spring scenery. "I only pity the quiet grass growing beside the stream, with orioles singing deep in the trees" means: The poet only loves the quiet grass growing beside the stream, with orioles singing deep in the shade of the trees. This is an elegant scenery intertwined with beautiful colors and beautiful music. In late spring, when the fragrance had passed, the poet took a leisurely walk to the stream, where he saw a patch of luxuriant green grass. The secluded grass and deep trees here reveal the coldness of the realm. Although they are not as charming as the flowers, their verdant figures, their willingness to be lonely and unwilling to follow the trend of the weather, are consistent with the author's quiet character. The mutual agreement naturally won the poet's love. Here, the word "pity alone" is extremely emotional, which is the poet's unique and knowing feeling. It reveals the author's leisurely and tranquil mood. Wang Anshi's sentence "Green shade and quiet grass are better than flowers", describing the scene of early summer, has the same idea. The first sentence is static; the second sentence is dynamic. The oriole chirped gracefully, sliding between the deep trees. The chirping of orioles seemed to break the silence and leisure just now, but in fact it caused deeper ripples in the poet Jing's heart. The second sentence is preceded by the word "上", which not only describes the time and space transfer of objective scenery, but more importantly, describes the poet's cheerfulness and open-mindedness of adapting to the circumstances and being contented.
The next two sentences focus on the scenery of Arajin Nodu. Although the scenery is different, it still develops based on this sentiment: "The spring tide brings rain in the evening, and there is no boat crossing the wild road." These two sentences mean: In the evening, the spring tide rises, the spring rain pours, and the water in Xijian suddenly becomes turbulent. The ferry crossing in the countryside was already desolate and indifferent, but now it is becoming increasingly difficult to find people. There is only an empty boat sailing along with the waves. The word "dai" is used between "spring tide" and "rain", as if the rain comes with the tide, tightly connecting two things that do not belong to each other, and using the word "ji" to write Understand the dynamics of tide and rain. Concluding sentence. Use "no one" to describe the "wild" nature of the ferry. The situation described in the two lines of the poem is somewhat desolate, but the use of the word "自" reflects leisure and contentment. Wei Yingwu likes to use the word "zi" in his poems. The word "zi" can be interpreted as "free" and "natural", and contains the connotation of "self-appreciation" and "self-love". The sentence "Yedu" should be interpreted like this. Otherwise, it would be contrary to one or two sentences. These two sentences use the momentum of rapid flow to set off the leisurely and tranquil scenery. It can be said that there is painting in the poem and emotion in the scenery.
Whether there is any sustenance in this poem and what its meaning is has always been debated endlessly. The old annotation believed that this poem had political sustenance, saying that it was written as "the image of a gentleman at the bottom and a villain at the top", which contained a helpless sadness of being out of place and useless, but it was too concise and clumsy to justify it. Some people think that "this is a scene of the Western Stream, and there is no need for any explanation." In fact, the emotions revealed in the poem are vague and obvious. When you mention the grass and the oriole at the beginning, the poet uses the word "pity alone", which has an obvious meaning. It shows the poet's broad-mindedness when he is poor and modest, and does not live in flattery. The last two sentences are in The leisurely scene of the rushing water and the boat contains a kind of helplessness, worry and sadness that are out of place and useless. The poet describes the scenery with emotion, uses the scenery to describe his thoughts, writes about the scenery he likes and dislikes, and talks about the things he likes and dislikes. His tranquility and sadness are naturally revealed. This poem expresses the author's love for life.