An autumn night in the mountains
The empty mountains are bathed in a new rain, and feel the early autumn at night.
The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks.
The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe.
My friend's prince, what does it matter if spring is over and you are still here? .
Vernacular translation
The empty mountain is bathed in a new rain, and the arrival of night makes people feel that it is early autumn.
The moon is clear and clear, and the clear spring is flowing.
The bamboo forest was noisy until the washerwoman came back, and the lotus leaves swayed like canoes.
The wheat straw in spring might as well let it rest, and the prince and grandson in the mountains can stay in autumn.
Autumn Night in the Mountain is a poem by Wang Wei, a poet in Tang Dynasty. This poem depicts the charming scenery of the mountain village and the simple fashion of the villagers in the evening after the rain in the autumn of Chu Dynasty, and shows the poet's satisfaction with his seclusion and natural beauty, so as to express his personal beauty and social beauty. The whole poem perfectly combines the cool autumn after the rain in an empty mountain, the light of the bright moon among pine trees, the sound of clear spring on the stone, the laughter of happy women returning to the bamboo forest and the dynamic harmony of fishing boats crossing the lotus, giving people a rich and fresh feeling. It is not only like a fresh and beautiful landscape painting, but also like a quiet and beautiful lyric music, which embodies the creative characteristics of painting in Wang Wei's poems.
Creation background
This poem depicts a picture of Chuqingshan Village after the rain in late autumn. By the time Wang Wei retired from Zhong Nanshan to Wangchuan, it was the late stage of "Middle-aged heart looking for a way to live at the foot of this mountain" ("I retired in Zhongnanshan"). In the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736), Zhang Jiuling, the last enlightened prime minister of Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, was dismissed by Li and others, and his political enthusiasm cooled down, taking a negative attitude towards politics. After the 28th year of Kaiyuan (740), I built a villa in Zhong Nanshan and lived a semi-official and semi-secluded life. This poem was written in this period.
Overall appreciation
This poem is a masterpiece of landscape, describing the evening scenery after rain seen by the villagers in early autumn, and pinning the poet's noble feelings and pursuit of ideal realm in poetry and painting.
"The empty mountain after the rain stands in the autumn evening." The poem clearly says that there are female fishing boats, but the poet writes "the empty mountain". This is because the dense trees on the mountain cover up the traces of people's activities. The so-called "there seems to be no one on the empty mountain, but I think I heard a voice" (Chai Lu). Because there are few people here, "no one in the cave knows about foreign affairs, and outsiders only see the empty mountains and thick clouds" ("Peach Blossom Garden"), naturally someone came from Fugui Mountain. The word "empty mountain" points out that besides, it is like a paradise. In the early days of Shan Yu, everything was new. It was early autumn evening. It is conceivable that the air is fresh and the scenery is wonderful.
"Moonlight in the pine forest, crystal stone in the stream." It was dark, but there was a bright moon in the sky. The flowers have withered, but there are pine trees covered. The mountain spring is clear, flowing through the rocks, like a pure white plain, shining in the moonlight, vividly showing the quiet and clear natural beauty. Wang Wei's Ode to the Four Saints on Economy once praised the noble sentiments of the two sages, saying that "there is no evil wood in the shade, and drinking water must be extreme." The poet himself is such a noble-minded person. He once said: "It is better to drink its water and rest in the wild forest, instead of sitting on the beam and seeing the princes in the rugged." This month, pine trees and clear springs on rocks are exactly the ideal realm he pursues. These two sentences are picturesque, free and easy, and have little strength. This touching writing of natural scenery has reached the level of artistic perfection, which is really beyond the ordinary people's learning.
"The bamboo whispers that the laundry girl returns, and the lotus leaves bend in front of the fishing boat." A burst of joy and laughter broke out in the bamboo forest. It was some innocent girls who washed their clothes and came back with a smile. The graceful lotus leaves spread out to both sides one after another, overturning countless pearl-like crystal drops. It's a fishing boat going down the river, which cuts the tranquility of the moonlight in the lotus pond. There are such carefree, hard-working and kind people under this pine and bright moon and among this green bamboo and violet. This pure and beautiful picture of life reflects the poet's ideal of living a quiet simple living, and at the same time, it shows his aversion to dirty officialdom from the opposite side. These two sentences are skillfully written, but the pen does not show traces, which makes people feel very clever. The poet wrote "Bamboo Noisy" and "Lotus Moving" first, because the Huan girl was hidden in the bamboo forest and the fishing boat was covered with lotus leaves. At first, I didn't see it. It was not until I heard the noise of the bamboo forest and saw the lotus leaves in full bloom that I found the Huannv and the Lotus Boat. This writing is more realistic and poetic.
The two couplets in the middle of the poem are all about scenery, but each has its own emphasis. Zhuan Xu re-writes, fragrant and clear; Neck ties focus on writing people and hope for political communication with people. At the same time, the two complement each other. Spring water, pine, bamboo and purple can be said to be a portrayal of the poet's noble sentiment and an ideal environment for the poet.
Since the poet is so noble, and he found a satisfactory paradise in that seemingly "empty mountain", he couldn't help saying, "My friend's prince, spring has passed, and you are still here. What does it matter? ! "The original" Songs of the South Calling Hermits "said:" When the king returns, he can't stay in the mountains for a long time! " The poet's experience is just the opposite. He felt that "in the mountains" was better than "in the DPRK", clean and simple, and he could stay away from officialdom and lead a totally clean life, so he decided to retire.
Su Shi praised Wang Wei's works and said: "There are paintings in poems full of charm; Look at the picture. There are poems in it. Autumn Night in a Mountain is a masterpiece of "painting in poetry". First of all, the face in the poem has the beauty of composition: there are mountains and water in the picture, the upper part is clear and the moon is bright, the peaks are faint, the middle part is vigorous pine forests and strange rocks in the forest, and the lower part is bamboo forest at the foot of the mountain and lotus pond beside the forest. The moon shines in the pine forest in the sky, Qingquan Rock. The clear spring flows down the mountain and into the lotus pond. The woman who came back from washing clothes by the river walked through the bamboo forest and walked back to the mountain village. The bright moon, flowing water and figures are combined into one, and the poems are written in turn, calm and natural, with distinct layers, forming a vertical landscape painting. Secondly, there is beauty of color in poetry. The poet is good at rendering artistic conception with colors. He likes to use green, green and white to create a quiet artistic conception, giving people an elegant and fresh aesthetic feeling. The main colors of the moon, pine, bamboo, lotus and stone in this poem are blue and white, and the turquoise background of the whole painting is very harmonious and elegant, which conforms to the poet's secluded and quiet mood. In addition, the poet's use of dynamic and static descriptions is also very successful. The activities of nature and human beings are both dynamic and static, and the poet writes static by moving, which makes the whole realm of poetry more peaceful.
An important artistic technique of this poem is to express the poet's personality beauty and an ideal social beauty with natural beauty. On the surface, this poem only uses the method of "Fu" to shape mountains and rivers, and gives a detailed and touching description of the scenery. Actually, it's full of comparisons. The poet expresses his ambition through the description of the scenery, which is rich in content and intriguing.