Tao Yuanming couldn't stand the filth of officialdom and the bondage of secularism, so he resolutely resigned and retired, and devoted himself to farming. The relaxed feeling of leaving the official career, the joy of returning to nature, and the quiet pastoral, simple communication and farming experience make this group of poems become outstanding pastoral poems.
This group of poems vividly describes the poet's life and feelings after retirement, and expresses the author's happy mood and rural fun after his resignation, thus showing his love for rural life and the joy of workers. At the same time, it implies a sense of disgust at the dark and corrupt life of officialdom, which shows that the author is unwilling to go with the flow and willing to endure the hardships of field life in order to maintain his complete personality and noble sentiment.
This group of poems embodies Tao Yuanming's beautiful sentiments of pursuing freedom, being content with poverty, living in seclusion in Shan Ye, being honest and upright, being far away from officialdom and being above the common customs. Tao Yuanming's "Returning to the Garden" is actually the writer's own ideal former residence.
Returning to the garden residence is an inseparable organic whole. The reason for this is not only that each poem depicts the poet's rich and fulfilling seclusion from the aspects of resignation, gathering with relatives and friends, enjoying farming, visiting old friends and drinking at night, but more importantly, as far as the feelings expressed are concerned, it runs through this group of poems with a natural and pleasant interest. Although there are emotional turmoil and turning points in the poem, the bright colors of joy and philosophy reflect the whole article.
The first poem mainly begins with regret and ends with joy, lamenting the anguish and pain of "falling into the dust net by mistake" and "staying in the cage for a long time", rejoicing the ease and joy of finally "returning to the garden" and "returning to nature", and truly expressing the poet's dislike of dirty officialdom and infinite yearning and joy for seclusion in the mountains.
"No rhyme, sex autumn mountain." The so-called "custom and rhyme" is nothing more than the modality and skills that poets have never learned to cater to the secular, juggle and socialize and strive for opportunities. As a sincere and frank person, his nature seems to be intrinsically related to the simple countryside and quiet nature, so he loves Akiyama.
The first two sentences reveal the author's lofty, aloof and detached personality. After seeing through the officialdom, he insisted on leaving, dissatisfied and desperate with the darkness of officialdom. It sets the tone for the whole poem, and it is also a foreshadowing, which is the fundamental reason why the poet finally resigned after entering the officialdom.
"Falling into the dust net by mistake, thirty years." Life is often the last resort. As the official's children, entering the official career is the usual choice; As an intellectual who is familiar with Confucian classics, if he wants to succeed in society, he must also enter the power organization of society; Just to support a small family and maintain a comfortable daily life, you also need to be an official.
Therefore, we have to go against our own "rhyme" and "sex" and rush about in the officialdom. Looking back, it was misguided and strayed into the dirty and boring secular net that bound human nature. "Walking for thirty years" is a mistake of "thirteen years". It happened to be thirteen years since Tao Yuanming began to be an official and finally retired. This sentence seems prosaic, but it is meaningful.
The poet sighed to the countryside like an old friend with deep friendship: "Alas, this is thirteen years!" " "There is infinite emotion and attachment in my heart, but I still hid it when I wrote it.
"The caged bird loves the old forest, and the fish in the pool loses its source." Although it is "mistaken into the dust net", it is still emotional. These two sentences focus on the mood of being an official. They are relayed from above, and the tone is smooth and there is no gap. Because of the use of two similar metaphors and antithesis sentences, the mood of being tired of the old life and longing for a new life is strengthened.
"Nankai barren returns to the garden" and "clumsy" respond to "little is not suitable for vulgar rhyme"-because you don't know how to take advantage of loopholes, it is better to keep your own stupidity and don't have to reluctantly blend in with the secular; Returning to the Garden responds to "Nature loves hills"-if you have this nature, you follow it, so that this life will naturally stretch and get what you want. The conflict written at the beginning is solved here.
"There are more than ten acres of square houses and eight or nine thatched houses" is a stick figure showing the simplicity of the owner's life. However, although there is no grandeur of carved beams and painted buildings, there is an elm Liu Yin behind the house, and the peach blossoms and plum blossoms in front of the hall compete with each other, making them plain and gorgeous and interesting.
"The village is far away, and there is smoke in Yiyi market." Warm, it is fuzzy, and the villages are far apart, so it is fuzzy, just like a painter in China often draws a few strokes of pen and ink when he paints a vision. Yiyi described the slowly rising smoke. The scenery described in these two sentences gives people a sense of calm and serenity, as if the world is not disturbed by any force.
"The dog barks in the deep alley and the chicken barks in the mulberry tree" brings this beautiful pastoral picture to life at once. These two sentences are paraphrased from the phrase "cock crow" in Han Yuefu, "cock crow high on the tree and dogs bark in the palace". But the poet never shows off his knowledge, but he can get it at hand. Instead of writing insects and birds, he wrote a very common cock crow and dog bark, because cock crow and dog bark are the most distinctive in the rural environment and the most harmonious and unified with the whole picture.
It's hard to say whether the so-called "small countries and few people" and "the voices of chickens and dogs hear each other and the people die of old age and don't communicate with each other" in Laozi have also infiltrated. Judging from the poetic context itself, these two strokes are indispensable. Properly expresses the flavor of rural life, but it does not destroy the quiet mood at all, and there is no sense of noise and irritability. Comparing with Wang Ji's famous sentence "Cicada makes Lin Jing, and the Palace Mountain is quieter", the well-known so-called "writing static by moving" is too particular and laborious.
"The home is clean and miscellaneous, and the virtual room is more idle." Dusty refers to mundane chores, and virtual rooms are quiet rooms. As an official, there are always a lot of stupid things that you don't want to do, and a lot of boring entertainment. Now I have got rid of all of them and lived a leisurely life in a quiet place. However, what makes the author most happy is not the leisure here, but that he can live according to his own wishes from now on.
"I've been in a cage for a long time, and I'm back to nature." Nature not only refers to the natural environment, but also refers to a natural and undistorted life. These two sentences once again echo the beginning of "not vulgar at all, naturally love autumn mountains", and at the same time point out the theme of "returning to the garden" But this kind of echo and direction does not feel reluctant at all.
The whole poem, from the intense boredom of official life to the beautiful rural scenery and the joy of a new life, naturally reveals a feeling of relief. This ending is both exquisite and logical.
The most prominent thing in this poem is to describe the scenery-to describe the scenery of the garden, and to cross the far and near scenery by line drawing, which is vivid and colorful; Secondly, antithetical sentences are used in many places in the poem, such as: "On the eaves behind the shade, Luo tang qian." There is also the use of contrast techniques to compare "dust net", "cage" and "garden house", thus highlighting the poet's aversion to officialdom and love for nature;
No matter what language is clear and fresh, it is as simple as vernacular Chinese. This poem presents a complete artistic conception, and the language of the poem completely serves to present this artistic conception, without seeking superficial beauty, so the poem appears natural. In short, this is the nature achieved through artistic pursuit and artistic efforts.
Extended data:
Gui Tian Yuan is in Qiyi.
Wei and Jin Dynasties: Tao Yuanming
Few people do as the Romans do. Their nature is to love nature.
I sneaked into the official career network and have been away from the game for more than ten years. (mistaken: mistaken)
Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past.
I want to open up wasteland in Minamino and keep my humility to the fields.
The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages.
Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital.
The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village.
Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster. (Over the top)
There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely.
Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today.
translate
When I was young, I didn't follow the custom. It is my nature to love nature.
I fell into the trap of official career and left the countryside for more than ten years in a blink of an eye.
Birds in cages often miss the mountains of the past, while fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past.
I would like to reclaim wasteland in the southern wilderness, keep my simplicity and return to farming.
There are more than ten acres of land around the house in Fiona Fang, and there are 89 huts and huts.
The shade of elm willow covered the back eaves of the house, and peaches and Li Lie filled the front yard in spring.
The neighboring village in the distance is faintly visible, and the smoke from the kitchen is floating in the village.
There were several dog barks in the deep lane, and a rooster kept crowing on the top of the mulberry tree.
There is no such noise in the yard, and the quiet room is full of comfort and leisure.
Trapped in a cage for a long time without freedom, I finally returned to Forest Mountain today.