I haven't finished writing TT yet. I am visiting the mountains in my hometown. It's too painful to struggle with mobile phone editing. I will apply for revision tomorrow night. Sorry, sorry ...)
I once talked to a good friend about a * * * thing: when I was young, I loved to watch beautiful things, including long articles like the Red Chamber, which described complex and beautiful things. The songs of the Song Dynasty were lingering and tactful, and I wanted to see them if I didn't understand the meaning; When I grow up, I find that the quatrains of regular poems are refined, implicit and more attractive; Later, I found it difficult to impress the world with many incisive words. I have seen an ancient poem with five words and four words before, and I feel dissatisfied. Subject, predicate and object are not enough, let alone modify the description. Now I think that's enough. There are only a few images, which are profound and far-reaching. It seems that I have said what I think, and I feel more carefree.
When the two girls talked about these reading experiences, they were already junior. At that time, they thought they had experienced many vicissitudes and could sum up their lives. Looking back now, it's a little funny. I dare not make gestures today, just the harvest in the recording stage.
That feeling at that time was triggered by Tao Yuanming.
In Tao Yuanming's poems, primary and secondary school students will remember the story of "picking chrysanthemums under the hedge and leisurely seeing Nanshan", knowing not to bend their backs for five buckets of rice.
More Tao Yuanming, less understanding.
Tao Yuanming's poetic achievements have a special history of acceptance. Tao Yuanming is now regarded as a first-class poet in the literary history of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties and China for more than two thousand years. However, his poems were not taken seriously when he was born, and his life was basically in distress. Tao Yuanming was initially praised mainly for his recluse and high-standard personality, not for his poems. Tao Yuanming lived from the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, and even had different views on the specific year of birth and death and the chronology of poems. Tao Yuanming's official records are all listed in his biographies of seclusion, including Yue's The Book of Songs (volume 93) and Biography of Returning to Tibet, the Book of Jin (volume 94), Yanshou's History of the South (volume 75) and Biography of Returning to Tibet.
In the Southern Dynasties, Liang Zhongrong's poems commented on poets and praised Tao Yuanming as "the ancestor of reclusive poets in ancient and modern times", but Tao's poems were only included in China literature. Liang Xiaotong was one of the few people who appreciated and loved Tao poetry in the Southern Dynasties. Xiao Tong said in the preface: "I love his writing, but I can't let it go. I still miss his virtue, but at the same time I hate it. Therefore, if you add search, it will be rough for the region. " Xiao Tong's preface to Tao Yuanming's Collection made Tao poetry spread and praised it as "breaking the waves and drifting with the tide, climbing high and looking far". It was not until the Tang Dynasty that famous poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi all loved and admired Tao Yuanming, and Tao poetry was widely circulated and influenced the creation of Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Wei and Liu Zongyuan. In the Song Dynasty, there was a strong literary atmosphere, and people paid more and more attention to and studied Tao Yuanming. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi pursued 109 pottery poems one after another, saying that he was "not ashamed of being knowledgeable". In the Southern Song Dynasty, Lu You encouraged himself to "learn poetry while learning Tao". Since then, Tao poetry has established its position in the history of literature.
Tao Yuanming's life is basically hard. Since the death of Tao Yuanming's eight-year-old father, his family has gradually declined. Tao's poem "Work at the Meeting" says: "Every family is short in a weak year." Yan Yannian's Zheng Tao Shi Lei also said that Tao Yuanming was "poor and pitiful" and had a hard life. At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming served as an official several times. He once toasted the country, served in Jingzhou secretariat of Huan Xuan government, joined the army in Liuyu Town and joined the army in Xuanjianwei government of Liu Jing, which was not only useful to the world, but also related to capitalists. During this period, Tao Yuanming resigned one after another and returned to farming. However, country life is not leisurely and calm. On the contrary, due to the hardships of work and life, Tao Yuanming suffered from repeated illnesses and became increasingly weak.
In August of the first year of Yixi (AD 405), Tao Yuanming was appointed as Peng Lingze for the last time. 1 1 month, Sister Cheng died of illness in Wuchang, and Tao Yuanming wrote "Returning to Laici", unsealed her resignation, and officially began to live in seclusion until the end of her life. At this time, Tao Yuanming's thoughts and political attitudes have matured and become clear. At this time, returning farmland is also a conscious choice and persistence, and he lives the labor life of ordinary farmers. In the fourth year of Yixi (AD 408), in mid-June, the house was destroyed and forced to move. In the 11th year of Yixi (AD 4 15), the court recruited him as Gong Zuolang, saying that he was ill and did not apply. In the 14th year of Yixi (AD 4 18), Wang Hong was the secretariat of Jiangzhou, and made friends with Tao Yuanming about one year or two later. There are anecdotes between them, and wine is given away for nothing. In the first year of Yuanjia (AD 424), Yan Yanzhi made friends with Yuanming, and there was an anecdote that Gong Yan paid for wine. In the fourth year of Yuanjia (AD 427), Tan Daoji heard Yuanming's name, went to see him, gave him Liang rou, and advised him to be an official, but he refused and did not accept the Liang rou he gave him. In the same year, Yuan Ming died in Xunyang. After his death, his friends privately called it "Beijing Festival" and later called it "Festival".
Despite his poor family background, he has profound family knowledge. Tao Yuanming "studied Confucian classics since childhood, loved leisure, read good deeds, cherished solitary thoughts, loved autumn mountains, had lofty aspirations and different customs". Murong Xu also said: "The general angle hears the Tao", and "Drinking" XVI: "Young people are poor and it is good to swim six classics". Therefore, in his early years, he had the ambition to "aim high, escape all over the world and devote himself to thinking far" (Miscellaneous Poems), which was greatly influenced by the Confucian thought of serving the world. Tao Yuanming is also influenced by Taoist thought, and he likes nature: "Less is not suitable for vulgar rhyme, and nature loves hills and mountains" (the first part of Returning to the Garden), and "Sparse with Yan Zi": "I learn less from piano books, and I love leisure. When I open it, I will gladly forget to eat. In the shade, the birds changed their voices and they were happy again. As the saying goes, in mid-May and June, I was lying under the north window, and when the cool breeze came, I called myself Master Xidi. A superficial understanding of its meaning can be guaranteed. "
Tao Yuanming's pastoral recluse poems had a great influence on Tang and Song poets. In Du Fu's poem, he said, "Let go of your heart as wine, and send joy as poetry, which means I will wait for you after my life." Su Shi commented: "At first glance, Yuan Ming's poems seem to be slow, but they are familiar strange sentences. ..... Only when the rate is high, the meaning is far-reaching, the meaning is wonderful, and the language is refined can it be like this. It's like a great craftsman carrying a catty, but he can't see the trace of an axe. "
Tao Yuanming's poems are simple and gentle, with plain and good language, easy to understand, profound implication, deep feelings and rich thoughts, natural and full of emotional meaning. In Liang Shiqiu's words: "Glory belongs to dullness, but that dullness is not mediocrity, that lightness is not dullness, and that dullness is an artistic charm that does not reveal axe marks." Su Shi said: "The poems of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties are slow at first glance, and it is interesting to read them carefully. For example, "Hey, hey, people in the village, smoking in the Yiyi market. In the deep alley where dogs bark, chickens call mulberry trees jump. "He also said,' Pick chrysanthemums under the east fence and see Nanshan leisurely'." If the rate is high, it will have a beautiful meaning and can be achieved. For example, a great craftsman carries a kilo without an axe. If you don't know, you will die of exhaustion. Wang Anshi also said, "It seems to be the most extraordinary, but in fact it is easy and difficult."
It comes from the highlight of Fengjie, and profound thoughts are naturally revealed in chanting. Xiao Tong. Su Shi.
Put your thoughts into practice, practice, serve crops and work hard. "Geng Xu grabs early rice in Xitian in mid-September": "Life belongs to the Tao, and food and clothing are solid; Do not camp, but seek self-protection. " "Tian Jia is not bitter, and Fu is hard to quit." The second part of the "two movements": "Farming can't bully you". I know the hardships, but I think it is the responsibility of life. Returning to agriculture and seclusion is not worthy of the name. Zhuge Liang, Xie An.
The reason for resigning is to practice the life philosophy of traditional intellectuals: being an official, being poor, advancing and retreating, Ren Zhen. The correct way of "stubborn people do something" The heart of a traditional orphan. As well as witnessing the political reality, disappointment with politics and the attitude of "not seeking solutions". Emperor wu of song's injustice to the jin dynasty. "Feeling that a man does not meet Fu": "Zhen Feng died, and it was a big fake." "The Lost Millennium of Taoism" and "Nine Days of Idleness": "How to train scholars depends on the time." "Antique" is the eighth and second.
Pastoral seclusion and freedom
Pay attention to reality, adhere to and practice ideals
The timing and attitude are wrong.
Shangjiu Ren Zhen Du Haoshu Wu Jiaqing
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Tao Yuanming's deeds are all listed in the Biography of Idleness. The earliest is the Book of Song written by Yue, with 93 volumes of Biography of Hermit (later written by,, Zhou, Ruan Wanling, Kong Chunzhi, Liu Ningzhi, Zhai Faci), and there are Zongmi, Shen Daoqian and Guo Xilin in the same interpretation. ) Tang Fang Ling Xuan presided over the revision of Book of Jin Volume 94 "Biography of Hermit" (Sun Deng Dong Xia Jing Zhu Tong Fan Chong Lu Sheng Dong Yang Huo Yuan Guo Wuqichao Lu Bao Fan Teng Ren Xu Guowen Gong Zhuang Meng Lou Han Ji Qiao Xiuzhai Tang Guo Renovation Mi Liu Qian Suo Attack Yang Ke Gong Feng Gong Sun Yongzhong Zhang Shiyuan Song Xian Guo Heguo Qijiaqu. ) Li Tang Yanshou wrote "History of the South" Volume 75 "Biography of Seclusion" (Zong Shaowen (measured by Sun Cong's younger brother) Shen Daoqian and Kong Chun passed the biography on behalf of Zhai Faci, Lei Cizong, Guo Ning, Zhu Bainian, Guan Kangzhi (Xin Puming, Lou Huiming), fisherman Chu (Lu Du) and Du Jingchan (Kong Huijing gave birth).
Appendix Song Shuchuan: