1. Revising poetry and translating it into classical Chinese by Yuan Mei
Revising poetry is more difficult than writing poetry. Why? When writing a poem, it is easy to write when the mood strikes you; when revising a poem, the mood has passed and the overall situation has been determined. Even if one or two words are not to your liking and you spend a lot of effort, there is no way to modify it. , unexpectedly, I got the modification method accidentally only after a month or two.
Liu Yanhe’s words, “I am rich enough to write ten thousand poems, but feel embarrassed because of one word” are indeed words that I have profound understanding of. Xunzi said: "There was a man who lost his needle and couldn't find it no matter how hard he looked for it. (One day) he suddenly found it; it wasn't that (his) eyes became brighter, it was just that he got it by chance.
"The so-called "eye" means seeing and getting by chance. People from the Tang Dynasty wrote in a poem: "You can't find it all day long, but sometimes it comes by itself (if you search all day long and you can't find it, sometimes it comes back by itself)."
"It means "you can find it with your eyes" ah. 2. The full text and translation of the poem in classical Chinese
Original text
When Dao first went to the imperial examination, he was in the capital. One day while sitting on the donkey, I came across a sentence: "The bird is staying in the tree by the pond, and the monk is knocking on the door under the moon." I started to write the word "push", and then I wanted to write the word "knock", but I was not sure how to refine it, so I chanted on the donkey Oh, lead your hand. The viewer is surprised by the power of speculation. At that time, Han retreated to Jingzhao Yin, and the chariots and riders came out. The island rushed to the third quarter without realizing it, and the gesture was not over yet. The Russians supported Yin from the left and right, and Dao responded to the poem. The word "push" and the word "knock" were undecided. He was wandering in his mind and did not know how to avoid it. He retreated and immediately rode for a long time. He said to Dao: "The word 'knock' is better." After joining the bridle and returning home, he discussed poetry and Taoism. He stayed there for many days because he and the island were friends of commoners.
Translation
Jia Dao was taking the imperial examination in the capital. One day, he thought of two poems on the back of a donkey: "The bird stayed in the tree beside the pond, and the monk knocked on the door under the moon." At first he wanted to use the word "push", and then he wanted to use the word "knock". He thought about it carefully, tempered it repeatedly, and decided If it didn't get off, he would chant on the donkey's back and stretch out his hands to make pushing and knocking gestures. At that time, Han Yu temporarily acted as Jing Zhaoyin (the governor of the capital). He was on a patrol with his carriages and horses. Jia Dao unknowingly bumped into the third part of Han Yu's honor guard and kept making careful gestures. So he was suddenly pushed in front of Han Yu by Han Yu's attendants. Jia Dao answered the poem he was preparing in detail. He was not sure whether to use the word "push" or "knock". His spirit left the thing in front of him and he didn't know how to avoid it. Han Yu stopped his carriage and thought for a long time, and then said to Jia Dao: "It's better to use the word 'knock'." The two rode home side by side, talking about the method of composing poems, and were reluctant to leave for several days. As a result, Han Yu became friends with Jia Dao, an ordinary citizen.
Notes
Jia Dao: a poet of the Tang Dynasty, Zilangxian, a native of Fanyang. Go to the imperial examination: take the imperial examination. Jingshi: Capital, this refers to Chang'an. Yin Oh: chant. Surprised: Surprised by... Tool: detailed, specific. Refining: pondering carefully and tempering repeatedly. Russian: Soon. Immediately: soon. Linger: reluctant to leave. Quan: Temporary agent. Already: Stopped. Russian: Soon, refers to a short time. Fugue: The mind wanders away from the things in front of it. Travel, leave. Image, things in front of you. Chariot: chariot and horse. Tools: All. Bridle: the reins used to control a horse. Commoner: civilian. Leading hands: reaching out. Sui: So then. To: Arrive. Correct: Detailed answer
Yunyun: So, it refers to the situation where you can't decide whether to use "push" or "knock"
Immediately for a long time: (Han Yu) let The horse stopped for a long time
Undecided: After careful consideration and repeated tempering, one cannot make a decision.
Zhi: This refers to choosing one of the "push" and "knock" gestures to use your hand to push: stretch out your hand to make a pushing or knocking gesture.
Synonyms
Consider, ponder, ponder
Enlightenment
The story inspires us: we must think over and over again, consider everything, and strive for excellence. 3. Please help me revise the poem
With all due respect, the artistic conception of this poem is good, but if it is required to be a rhymed poem, it will take a lot of effort to revise it.
I guess what you mean is to make improvements in terms of rhythm. As a person who proposes revisions, in fact, I can only start from this aspect, rather than adjusting the position of words or replacing words or words at will, so as not to backfire.
1. Rhyme: Measured by "wide rhyme", dome, wind, red, green onion and sky all belong to the "Yidong" part, and use rhyme to match the rhythm. In modern poetic rhyme, "Yidong" is divided into "Eastern rhyme" and "sound rhyme", that is, the finals ong and eng are separated, so "风fēng" has different finals from the other four characters.
The fifth sentence (the first sentence of the neck couplet) does not need to be in rhyme, and should be square feet, so the word "love" should not be placed in this position. 2. There are 16 irregular characters such as sprinkle, king, autumn, shadow, narrative, emotion, frost, still, green, more, knowledge, wind, resentment, remuneration, end, and shi, which account for 28 of the total number of words.
6%, it is not easy to make adjustments, but it is necessary to adjust according to the requirements of rhythmic poetry. Note: The first character of the second and sixth sentences and the first and third characters of the remaining sentences belong to "can be flat or square" and are not included in this list.
3. Contradiction Putting aside the emphasis on obliqueness, the contrast in this poem is quite good.
Wild maples versus garden willows, late autumn versus early spring, almost each other, red versus green, cold frost versus sparse shadows, drifting versus swaying, green versus green, all in the same basic rhythm.
Moving their positions arbitrarily means not knowing how to "fight". However, if you compare it in flat format at the same time, there are many things that need to be changed, such as "autumn", "shadow", "love", "frost", "green", etc. that are not listed above, which cannot be corrected by moving the position. .
Also, "篇" is an adjective, "撧" is a verb; "窭" is an adverb, and "気" is a verb. They do not meet the requirements of antithesis, and in terms of couplets, their position is the "joint eye", which requires special attention.
In addition, why is "better aware of the spring breeze" "sad"? Why should "resentment" be "rewarded"? A bit confusing. I would like to continue discussing this poem.
If you have any questions during the modification process, please contact us in any way. . 4. Translation of the classical Chinese text "Bai Juyi's Theory of Poetry"
Is it this paragraph:
Because his family was poor and had many accidents, he did not take the Jinshi examination until he was twenty-seven. After passing the exam, although he concentrated on taking the subject exams, he still did not stop writing poetry. By the time he became a school clerk, he had written three to four hundred poems. Sometimes I show it to friends like Shishita. Everyone said that the writing was skillful upon seeing it, but in fact I am not at the level of a poet author. Since I became an official in the imperial court, I have grown older and experienced more and more things. Whenever I talk to people, I ask more about current affairs. Whenever I read history, I explore more about the principles of governing the country. Only then did I know that articles should be written for current events and poems should be created for reality. At this time, the emperor had just succeeded to the throne, and there were upright people among the government who issued edicts many times to investigate the people's sufferings. It was at this time that I was promoted to a bachelor of Hanlin and an official of Zuo Shiyi. I personally received the paper for writing remonstrances. In addition to writing memorials to state my opinions directly to the emperor, I could relieve the sufferings of the people and make up for the shortcomings of current affairs. Matters that were difficult to explain directly were written into poems and slowly made known to the emperor. First of all, it was used to broaden the emperor's knowledge and help him consider and handle national affairs. The second is to repay the emperor's kindness and rewards and fulfill the duties of an admonishment officer. Finally, it is to realize one's lifelong wish to revitalize poetry. Unexpectedly, the wish has not been realized but regret has been born, the poem has not been heard, but the slander has been formed. 5. Translation of Song Zhiwen's poems and classical Chinese
Song Zhiwen, also known as Yanqing, also known as Shaolian, was from Fenzhou. His father's name was Lingwen, and Emperor Gaozong was serving as a bachelor of Xiangzheng in Dongtai. Song Zhiwen had a majestic appearance and was very eloquent. When he was only twenty years old, Empress Wu called him and Yang Jiong to take turns on duty in the art studio. He was transferred to Shang Fang Jian Cheng and Zuo Feng Chen Nei for many times. Empress Wu visited Longmen in the south of Luoyang and issued an edict to her followers to compose poems. Zuo Shi Dongfang Qiu's poem was the first to be written. Empress Wu rewarded him with a brocade robe. Soon after, Song Zhiwen also presented his poem. Empress Wu appreciated it very much after reading it. He took back the brocade robe from Dongfang Qiu and gave it to Song Zhiwen. At that time, Zhang Yizhi and others were very close to Empress Wu and were very favored. Song Zhiwen, Yan Chaoyin, Shen Quanqi, and Liu Yunji were all devoted to her. The chapters written by Zhang Yizhi were all written by Song Zhiwen and Yan Chaoyin, who even gave Zhang Yizhi a favor. When Zhang Yi was defeated, Song Zhiwen was demoted to Longzhou, and Yan Chaoyin was demoted to Yazhou, both of whom were appointed to join the military. Song Zhiwen fled back to Luoyang and hid in Zhang Zhongzhi's home. When Wu Sansi came back to power, Zhang Zhongzhi and Wang Tongjiao planned to kill Wu Sansi to stabilize the royal family. Song Zhiwen learned the truth and asked his brother's sons Song Tan and Ran Zuyong to report the emergency and beg for atonement. When he was promoted to chief secretary of Honglu, everyone in the world thought that his behavior was ugly.
During the Jinglong period, Song Zhiwen moved to the post of Wailang, a merit examiner. He was appointed because he flattered Princess Taiping. When Princess Anle became powerful, he colluded with Princess Anle, so Princess Taiping hated her very much. he. Zhongzong appointed him as the minister of Zhongshu, but Princess Taiping exposed his corruption and corruption during the tribute examination, so he was demoted to the governor of Bian. Before he left, he was appointed governor of Yue. After taking office, he devoted himself to political affairs. He traveled all over the mountains and rivers of Yanzhong, drank wine and wrote poems. The poems spread to the capital and were recited by people.
After Ruizong came to the throne, Song Zhiwen was exiled to Qinzhou by Ruizong because he was cunning and had done too many bad things. Ran Zuyong served successively as a member of the Secretariat of the Central Committee and a minister of the Ministry of Punishment. He drank in Changhuai in the province, was impeached by the censor, and was demoted to the governor of Qizhou. At this time, they were also exiled to Lingnan, and both of them were sentenced to death in Guizhou. Song Zhiwen was shocked and sweating after receiving the edict, and wandered around, refusing to commit suicide. Ran Zuyong asked the envoy: "Song Zhiwen has a wife and children, please let him say goodbye to his family." The envoy agreed, but Song Zhiwen was too frightened to handle family affairs. Ran Zuyong said angrily: "Both you and I have failed the country and should die. Why are you still hesitant?" So he ate, bathed and committed suicide.
Ran Zuyong was the nephew of King Li Daozong of Jiangxia. He passed the Jinshi examination and was very famous at the time. After the Jian'an period of the Cao Wei Dynasty and even to Jiangzuo, the poetry rhythm changed frequently. By the time of Shen Yue and Yu Xin, the rhyme and rhyme were tactfully connected and the parallelism was precise. In the Zhiwen and Shen Quan periods of the Song Dynasty, it became even more extravagant and beautiful. It paid attention to Hui Ji's sound disease and accurate sentences. It was like a splendid written text. It was admired by scholars and was known as the "Shen Song Dynasty". People often say that "Su and Li are in the forefront, and Shen Song Dynasty is the equal." "Su Li" refers to Su Wu and Li Ling. 6. Translation of the classical Chinese text "Li He Composed Poems"
When he was seven years old, he could write poems. Han Yu and Huangfu Ce① first heard about it but did not believe it. They came to their home and asked He to compose poems. The title is "Gaoxuan Guo"②. The two of them were shocked, so they were famous.
Whenever the sun rises, he rides on a weak horse, Xinu ③ since he was a child, carries an ancient bag of tips, and throws the book into the bag whenever he encounters it. Establish a title first and then write a poem before it begins, just like someone else involved with Cheng Ke ④. Returning in the evening will be enough. This is the rate unless you are drunk or mourning. It’s not very economical to pass. The mother asked her maid to look into the bag, and when she saw a lot of books, she said angrily: "This son is going to be sick of his heart, but he has already heard it!" ---------Ouyang Xiu of the Song Dynasty·"New Tang Poems"
Comments ① Huangfu Cerium (shí): a famous writer in the Tang Dynasty and a participant in the classical prose movement. He is the author of "Collection of Pucha".
② "Gaoxuan Guo" (xu?n): title name. It means the arrival of a noble car, and refers to the visit of the Han Emperor and the Emperor.
③Xi Nu (xī): child servant, slave.
④Courses: fixed format.
〖Reading Training〗
1. Explain the underlined words below.
-
It’s not a shame to say too much----------It’s just because I want to feel sick-----------------
2. The one with the same meaning and usage of the dotted words below is ( )
A. It is famous B. It is enough to achieve it
It’s just that I feel sick. The ears are not enough to teach outsiders
CThe writing is as simple as the original structure D. There are many books as seen
Wu Guangsu’s lover’s book was put into the bag
3. In the text Li He is a poet, known as "------" in the world. In his famous poem "Yanmen Taishou's Journey", the two lines describing the critical situation are -----. Han Yu in the article is one of the "-----" (evaluations). We have studied his articles such as " " and " ".
4. Use idioms to summarize the meaning of the words added below.
(1) If others interfere with the course. ------------------
(2) It’s time to feel sick and heartbroken ---------------- ----
(3) He is famous-------------------------------- < /p>
5. Translate the following sentences.
First establish the title and then write the poem, just like someone who is involved in the course. -------------------------------------------------- --
6. How did Li He become a poet? Try to summarize your answer. -------------------------------------------------- --------
7. After reading this article, what inspiration does it have for your writing? -------------------------------------------------- --------------------------
Reference answers to "Li He's Poems"
1. General Yes, just introspect and watch and spit out 2. B 3. The ghost of poetry, the dark clouds are pressing down on the city to destroy it, the light of armor opens to the sun, and the golden scales open "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties" "Ma Shuo" "Preface to Farewell Dong Shao on his South Tour to Hebei" 4. ( 1) far-fetched (2) painstaking (3) world-famous 5. He never determines the title first and then composes the poem. Like other poets, he is far-fetched and limited by the format. 6. For example, a young man is smart and eager to learn. He usually observes life and accumulates materials, and writes poems with great effort. 7. Briefly
The translation is:
Han Yu and Huangfu Ce could write articles at the age of seven. When they first heard about it, Han Yu and Huangfu Ce didn’t believe it, so they went to his home and asked him (Li He ) to write a poem, he wrote it with just a swipe of his pen, as if he had conceived it in advance. He named the poem Gao Xuanguao. The two of them were very surprised. He also became famous. Every day at sunrise, he would ride a pony and carry The little follower, carrying a brocade bag, writes down what he likes when he sees something and puts it in the bag. He never comes up with a title first and then composes a poem, just like other people who are just like others. When he comes back in the evening, the poem has been completed. 7. Wang Jinggong revised the poem< /p>
Wang Jinggong revised the poem and translated it
Wang Anshi's mooring in Guazhou is separated by water from Jingkou to Guazhou, with Zhongshan only separated by several mountains. The spring breeze turns green again on the south bank of the river. When will the bright moon shine on me again? [Note] 1. Mooring: stopping a ship and docking. 2. Guazhou: on the north bank of the Yangtze River in present-day Jiangsu Province, south of Yangzhou City. 3. Jingkou: On the south bank of the Yangtze River, now Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province. 4. Zhongshan: Purple Mountain in Nanjing now. 5. Number of layers: several layers. 6. Green: Blowing green. 7. Return: refers to returning home at the foot of Purple Mountain. [Translation] A quatrain poem by Wang Anshi writes: "Jingkou and Guazhou are only a river apart, and Zhongshan is only separated by a few layers of green mountains. Oh, the gentle spring breeze is blowing green on the south bank of the river again, but there is a bright moon in the sky. , when can you follow me home? A scholar in Wuzhong has the first draft of this poem in his home. It was originally written as "Arrived to the south bank of the Yangtze River again", but later the word "arrived" was circled, and the annotation said "Not good" was changed to "pass"; "pass" was circled and changed to "enter"; and later it was changed to "man".
President Xi Jinping changed several words like this before finally settling on "green". The thoughts and feelings expressed: the wish to resign and go home as soon as possible [Brief Analysis] This is a famous lyrical poem that expresses the poet's deep feelings of overlooking the south of the Yangtze River and missing his homeland. The title of the poem is "Boat Mooring on Guazhou", which points out the poet's footing. The first sentence "Jingkou and Guazhou is between the water" describes the scene in sight. The poet stood at Guazhou Ferry and looked south. He saw that "Jingkou" and "Guazhou" on the south bank were so close, with a river in between. From this, the poet thinks that Zhongshan, where his home is located, is only a few layers away and not far away. The second sentence, "Zhongshan is only a few floors away from the mountain," hints at the poet's feeling of returning home. The third sentence also describes the scene, highlighting the season of spring, and depicts the scenery of the south bank of the Yangtze River. The word "green" means "blowing green", which is a verb used in a wonderful way. Legend has it that Wang Anshi changed the word more than ten times to make good use of it, and finally chose the word "green" from more than ten verbs such as "to", "pass", "enter" and "man". Because other words only express the arrival of the spring breeze, but do not express the change of the new green scenery on the Qianli River Bank after the arrival of spring. In the concluding sentence, "When will the bright moon shine on me and return", the poet has been looking at it for a long time, and before he realizes that the bright moon is rising, the poet uses a questioning sentence pattern to imagine a picture of "the bright moon" and "when the bright moon will shine on me and return", further expressing the poet's longing for his homeland. Feeling. Literally speaking, this poem expresses the nostalgia for one's hometown and the eagerness to cross the river to go home and reunite with relatives. In fact, his strong desire to return to the political stage and implement the New Deal is also reflected between the lines.