Self-titled/Lejushi
． How the "Hao" is formed
There are two situations in which the "Hao" is formed:
① It is given by the user himself. The middle and upper class figures in feudal society, especially the literati, always liked to give themselves a nickname. Precisely because the "Hao" is chosen by oneself, it is not restricted by family, clan, etiquette and seniority like a name or a given name. It can freely express and flaunt the user's ambitions and tastes. Therefore, many names have appeared. There are many different nicknames, but after careful analysis and in-depth investigation, some unique characteristics can still be summarized:
A. Distinctive marks of the times, such as:
< p>During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Buddhism was popular in our country and had a profound influence on the middle and upper-class intellectuals, so many people took the title of "lay Buddhist". Li Bai was called "Qinglian layman"; Bai Juyi called himself "Xiangshan layman"; Su Shi was called "Dongpo layman"; Fan Chengda was called "Shihu layman"; Li Qingzhao was called "Yi'an layman".In the Yuan Dynasty, Taoism was advocated, and many literati took the title "Taoist". For example, Feng Zizhen was nicknamed "Weird Taoist"; Qiao Ji was nicknamed "Xingxing Taoist"; Ren Renfa was nicknamed "Mingshan Taoist"; Wu Zhen was nicknamed "Plum Blossom Taoist"; Zhao Mengfu was nicknamed "Taoist Xuesong".
After the Opium War, imperialist aggression and the Qing government’s corruption and incompetence caused national suffering and national crisis. Opposing aggression and being patriotic and striving for strength became the main theme at that time, so many people named themselves according to this tune. For example, Tan Sitong was nicknamed "Beifei"; Huang Shaobei was nicknamed "Descendant of the Yellow Emperor"; Chen Tianhua was nicknamed "Si Huang"; Qiu Jin was nicknamed "Jingxiong", etc.
B, strong lyrical color, such as:
Song Dynasty Zheng Sixiao, who lived in seclusion in Suzhou after the death of Song Dynasty, named himself "Suonan" to show that he did not forget the Song Dynasty; poet Xin Qiji , attached great importance to agriculture. When he was an official, he advocated cultivating the fields and rewarded farming. In his later years, he retired to the countryside and "learned farming from the old farmers" and named himself "Jiaxuan"; the patriotic poet Lu You was concerned about the world and cynical, and was ridiculed by the powerful as "unfaithful". In order to abide by the etiquette and laws, he called himself "Fang Weng" to express his contempt for them; in his later years, Ouyang Xiu called himself "Jiushi Jushi", and named himself "Liu Yi Jushi" after 10,000 volumes of books, 1,000 volumes of inscriptions, a harp, a game of chess, A pot of wine, plus an old man himself to take the title, expresses the typical literati sentiment; Tang Bohu, a romantic and talented man in the Ming Dynasty, called himself "Liu Ru Jushi". "Six Such", according to his own words, life is like an illusion, like a dream, like a bubble, like a shadow, like dew, like electricity. It happened to be an expression of the negative emotions of frustrated literati; the poet Yang Wanli of the Southern Song Dynasty was nicknamed "Chengzhai" because Zhang Jun, the famous anti-gold general, once encouraged him with "righteousness and sincerity", and Emperor Guangzong personally wrote the word "Chengzhai" to him. Such "sincerity" not only shows his "sincerity" in study, but also includes his "sincerity" to the country.
C, profound meaning
Zhu Da, a painter in the late Ming Dynasty, was nicknamed "Bada Shanren" when the Ming Dynasty fell. The two characters "Bada" are written in succession, which seems to be crying but not crying, and seems to be smiling but not smiling. It expresses the sadness and indignation of missing the motherland. Fu Shan, a famous scholar in Taiyuan in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, called himself "Taoist Zhu Yi". After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, he wore red clothes and lived in a cave. The Qing government invited him to Beijing several times to take the Bo Xue Hong Ci examination, but he refused every time and refused to cooperate with the Manchus. "Zhuyi" looks red on the surface, but it is actually a symbol of the Ming Dynasty, because the emperor of the Ming Dynasty was named Zhu, and red means Ming, which embodies deep feelings for the Ming Dynasty. Dai Fuxu, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, called himself "Shipingshan native", which also embodies a kind of spirit. It can be seen from the poems he wrote. The poem "Ganyu" says: "People will build a golden dock, and I will use stone as a screen." "Stone" is as hard as "gold"; although "stone" is not as expensive as "gold", it is simple, ancient and magnificent. Feng, this is exactly the portrayal of the author's personality and spirit. Zhang Yong, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, nicknamed himself "Guaiyazi". In his own words: "Being good will go against the public, and cliffs are not good for things. The name Guaiya is a symbol of virtue." It can be seen that the name "Guaiyazi" embodies His character, ambition, and conduct.
Ding, the use of specific nouns
The ancients often used specific nouns when giving nicknames.
Those who call "Mr." such as "Mr. Wuliu" (Tao Yuanming), "Mr. Fuli" (Lu Guimeng), "Mr. Donglai" (Lu Zuqian), "Mr. Longchuan" (Chen Liang), "Mr. Langu" ( Bai Pu); those called "Gong", such as "Shi Gong" (Yuan Hongdao), "Mei Gong" (Lu Jipu), "Ren Gong" (Liang Qichao), "Jian Gong' (Gao Xu); those called "Zi" , such as "Youyouzi" (Lu Zhaolin), "Zhi Feizi" (Sikong Tu), "Gui Laizi" (Chao Buzhi), "Lu Feizi" (Huang Jingren); "old man", such as "Shaoling" "Ye Lao" (Du Fu), "Old Quan" (Su Xun), "Old Man Qianyan" (Xiao Dezao), "Old Man Huanghua" (Wang Tingyun), "Old Man Xiyan" (Zhang Zhihan), "Old Man Suiyuan" (Yuan Mei) , "Yingbin Yi Lao" (Su Che), "Hunan Yi Lao" (Wang Ruoxu); "Weng", such as "Sangxuan Weng" (Lu Yu), "Drunkard Old Man" (Ouyang Xiu), "Fu Weng" (Huang Tingjian) ), "Fang Weng" (Lu You), "Li Weng" (Li Yu); those called "Sou", such as: "Zhengzhai Sou" (Guan Hanqing), "Qing Chi Sou" (Lu Cai), "睯 Sou" ( He Shaoji), "Mengsou" (Qian Qianyi); "foreign history", such as: "Haiyue foreign history" (Mi Fu), "Kuiji foreign history" (Wang Mian), "Qiu Ta foreign history" (Liang Chenyu) ; "(Luo Guanzhong), "Gu Qu Sanren" (Feng Menglong), "Qingdu Sanren" (Zhao Nanxing); those who are called "Yuhe Qiao", such as: "Yidong Fisherman" (Kang Hai), "Oudang Fisherman" "(Yan Shengsun), "Hubei Peach Blossom Fishing" (Gao Lian), "Yandang Mountain Woodcutter" (Chen Chenhu), "Baizi Mountain Woodcutter" (Ruan Dacheng), "Tianmu Mountain Woodcutter" (Zhang Wenhu).
② It is recognized by others. This kind of "nickname" is called "nickname" or "mixed number" or "humble number". It has a strong symbolic meaning and can not only enhance people's understanding of various types of names. The memory of a character is a supplement to the name, character, and nickname, and is often a reflection or reflection of the character's appearance and personality. The vivid nicknames of one hundred and eight generals in "Shui Lin Zhuan" have left a very deep impression on the readers. Unforgettable impressions. Nicknames such as Black Whirlwind Li Feng, Leopard Head Lin Chong, Green Faced Beast Yang Zhi, Flower Monk Lu Zhishen, Thunderbolt Fire Qin Ming, Winged Tiger Lei Heng, Desperate Saburo Shi Xiu, Langli Baitiao Zhang Shun, etc. are vivid and accurate. Describing the character's personality, specialties or physical characteristics
Many "nicknames" and "nicknames" are given when joking with each other in real life, so they often contain derogatory meanings of irony and ridicule, such as Spring and Autumn. At that time, people in the Qin State called Baili Xi the "Five-Leaf Doctor" because after he fell to the Chu State, he was redeemed by Qin Mu Gong with five pieces of Heep (black ram) skins and became a doctor in the Qin State; during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, people called him Li Yifu's "laughing knife" was also nicknamed "Human Cat" because he acted softly on the outside and treacherous on the inside when he was prime minister; in the Song Dynasty, people gave Wang Gui the nickname "Prime Minister of Three Edicts" because he served as prime minister for more than ten years. In addition to taking orders, receiving orders, and delivering orders, they do nothing else.
In rural areas, the trend of giving nicknames is more popular, such as "Big Donkey", "Two Earthen Pots", and "Two Crock Pots". "Three yellow vegetables", "four pigeons", "eight dogs", "red dates" and "tao slaves". "Big Yali", "Jinpi Walnut", "Five Hemp Seeds", "Dry Food", "Erhu Apricot", "Sanbangcao", "Xianjia", "Baitu", "Huangmao", "Duck Board" "", "Unreliable" and other nicknames are very common. Of course, there are more tacky ones than this, so I won’t mention them here.
There are also some nicknames that do not contain derogatory connotations. For example, in the Song Dynasty, people called Song Qi the "Red Apricot Shangshu" because he wrote the poem "The Spring Blossoms on the Red Apricot Branches"; the Tang Dynasty poet Wen Tingyun He was quick in writing and his eight-pointed rhyme formed an eight-pointed rhyme, so people called him "Wen Baji"; the great poet Li Bai was posthumously talented and his writing was perfect, so people called him "Li Banxian". This is also the case in modern times. The poet Li Ji nicknamed Bing Xin "Yu Taijun", reflecting the lofty prestige of this grandmother in the literary world. This "nickname" is elegant but not vulgar.
The above is about "alias".