On the Art of Political Teaching
Einstein famously said, "Love is the best teacher for everything." However, for a long time, middle school students are generally not interested in political lessons, and the teaching effect is not good. There are three main reasons: first, there is prejudice against political lessons, which are considered as empty theoretical preaching and useless to learn; Second, the teaching method is single and unattractive; Third, middle school students are weak in logical thinking and abstract thinking and are afraid of difficulties. How to change students' weariness of learning into happiness in political lessons and make them master knowledge in a relaxed and happy state is a subject worthy of study.
Lenin once said: "The art of every propagandist and drummer is to influence his audience in the most effective way, so that a certain truth can serve them as much as possible, be easier to understand and leave a clearer and deeper impression." (The Complete Works of Lenin, Volume 17, Page 32 1) This passage is also very enlightening to our teaching. Teaching is an art, so teachers should try their best to make political lessons lively and interesting, seek ways and means to enhance the interest, and strive to achieve the perfect combination of scientific content and students' favorite teaching forms, so that students can regard political lessons as a happy and happy thing.
First of all, political concepts and principles are abstract and theoretical. Middle school students are young, with limited knowledge, weak scientific and abstract thinking ability, and it is difficult to learn and master. In teaching, we should pay attention to avoid following the book or explaining abstract concepts in abstract language, and make great efforts to concretize and visualize abstract theories, so as to stimulate students' interest in learning and help them understand and master abstract theories.
To do a good job in visualization teaching, teachers should pay attention to collecting and accumulating rich and vivid materials, such as literary works, anecdotes and famous sayings, and use them flexibly and accurately in teaching. For example, in order to reveal the disadvantages of the old economic system, I quoted a couplet that once appeared in front of a factory in Wuhan: "Morning bubble?" Soak in the afternoon? Every day, you win the lottery? I won a prize? Everyone gets a reward. "Horizontal batch is:" Don't do (work)? Have a rest (vacation). "The description of' pot rice' in this pair of couplets is incisive. I also use a folk saying "going to work is like pulling a fiber, doing things like grinding noodles, getting money like gathering a banquet, and releasing an arrow after work" to describe the mentality of workers in planned economy enterprises, which is also very vivid and left a deep impression on students. Another example: when talking about subjective idealism and its mistakes, in order to criticize the wrong proposition of British subjective idealist Becquerel, "Being is being perceived", I drew a cartoon: Becquerel stood on the edge of the cliff, strutting his head, turning a blind eye and striding into the abyss. It says, "As long as you close your eyes, there will be no cliffs in the world". Seeing Becker's gaffes, the students couldn't help laughing, and suddenly understood the absurdity of subjective idealism. Vivid, vivid and intuitive teaching not only enlivens the classroom atmosphere, but also inspires and induces students to understand what they have learned and enhances the teaching effect.
In order to teach politics well, teachers should be a "miscellaneous family" (eclectic), learn from others' strengths, eclectic, learn from others' strengths, and make the class free and wonderful. Teachers' language should be accurate and fluent, interesting and contemporary, with strong expressive force and appeal, so that students can enjoy beauty while attending classes. In addition, the examples cited in teaching should be screened, and some "living examples" that students can see, touch and have personal experience and interest in daily life should be selected as far as possible to illustrate the abstract and difficult concepts in the teaching materials. Doing so conforms to the law of cognition from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge, and can get twice the result with half the effort.
Second, distinguish right from wrong Confucius said: "Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous." ("The Analects? Modern pedagogy also believes that thinking is the core of intelligence. The organization, criticism and independence of middle school students' thinking are obviously strengthened. They don't like the teaching methods of "irrigation" and "irrigation" blindly, and are willing to think actively under the guidance of teachers. Psychological research shows that thinking about problems and exploring truth are the greatest pleasure for learners in the learning process. Therefore, according to the psychological characteristics of middle school students, teachers should follow the teaching rules, pay attention to creating situations, inspire students to think positively, try to avoid the phenomenon of rote memorization, let students gallop in an active and excited thinking country and feel the fun of learning to the maximum extent.
Learning begins with thinking, and thinking begins with doubt. In teaching, especially in the teaching of some important principles, by setting questions, creating situations, asking questions and guiding argumentation, students can be stimulated and guided to explore unknown fields continuously, thus completing their learning tasks. For example, in order to help students understand the principle that matter comes first and consciousness comes second, I deliberately put forward a question of "table and table concept come first", which immediately aroused heated debate among students. Some said, "Of course, the concept of a table came into being first! Otherwise, how was the first table made in the world? " Some said, "No! Without a table, how can there be an idea of a table? " "What did you say the first table was made of?" ....., everyone is talking, holding their own words and saying their own things. The process of students' discussion is the process of starting the thinking machine, thinking fully and actively looking for answers. Therefore, I am not in a hurry to draw a conclusion, who is right and who is wrong. Instead, I invited several mature students to talk about their views. A student said, "I think the concept of table should be put in the first place." Because ancient tables must not be like this. The original table is natural, such as a big stone or wooden stake in nature, which may be a table. It is convenient for people to share the captured wild animals on it, so the concept of dining table gradually came into being. " I think this student has a good idea. I will affirm it in time and make a summary. During the debate, although some problems were difficult to explain clearly for a while, everyone found it interesting and began to dispel the idea that "learning politics is boring".
In the process of summarizing questions and answers, we should pay attention to the thinking value of questions, so that students can solve problems after being confused, anxious, arguing and thinking. We should praise and encourage students with creative thinking, who can "abandon common solutions and find new methods". In this way, students will be satisfied with success, "although bitter, but happy", and their interest and confidence will also be enhanced. Suhomlinski said: "Teaching students to acquire knowledge with existing knowledge is the highest teaching skill." In teaching, we should constantly design enlightening questions, give full play to students' main role, give students the opportunity to show themselves to the maximum extent, and let students see their own strength in the process of overcoming difficulties and get the satisfaction of success.
Third, to avoid blank, political teaching should avoid a single form and rigid methods, because that will make students feel bored. Young students are lively and like novelty. In teaching, we should adopt various teaching methods according to the contents of teaching materials, teachers' specialties and students' characteristics. Such as the appropriate use of movies, television, slides and other means to change static into dynamic, dynamic and static combination, so that students have a sense of freshness, thus stimulating students' interest in learning. Psychologically speaking, it is unscientific to ask students to concentrate on the blackboard for 45 minutes. Dynamic teaching method can relax students' nervous minds and inspire their thinking. I'm talking about the particularity of contradiction. The third point is: "Each side of the same contradiction has its own characteristics at different stages of development." The main contradiction in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression-the strength contrast and change between China and Japan in the defense stage, stalemate stage and strategic counterattack stage of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression-was typed with figures and cartoons with three slides, which made the students clear at a glance, enlivened the classroom atmosphere and saved the time of writing on the blackboard. The effect is very good.
For another example, introducing mathematical calculation methods into political teaching is both fresh and convincing. When I talk about "controlling population growth is beneficial to capital accumulation", let students do numerical calculation first. It is estimated that raising a baby to the age of 16 needs an average of 2950 yuan, of which the state and the collective need to spend about 30% and arrange employment. At present, the arrangement of an industrial worker in China requires more than RMB 100. If the population is reduced by 654.38+0 billion, how much can the two items be saved? After calculation, students can save 295 billion yuan in childcare expenses, and the two items are 65.438+29.5 billion yuan. Then I told the students that the money was equivalent to China's annual national income 1989. This numerical calculation not only makes students easy to understand
Control the relationship between population growth and accumulated funds, and stimulate students' interest in learning.
Middle school students are active and not satisfied with classroom teaching. They want to go out of the classroom and broaden their horizons in order to test and enrich their knowledge. In view of this, in my teaching in recent years, I have been actively opening up the second classroom, engaged in social investigation, visits and interviews. For example, when teaching the part "The Contract Responsibility System with Joint Production System has brought great changes to rural areas", I asked students to take advantage of their holidays to observe the gratifying scene of rural prosperity since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and personally experience the great achievements brought by the contract responsibility system with joint production system and the reform and opening up. Many students reported that "participating in interviews and surveys has increased our knowledge of life and made us believe the truth in textbooks." "
Mould the empty truth and concretize the abstract knowledge, so that students can master book knowledge in activities or even "play" and get ideological education in strong interest.
Fourth, hit the heart and hit the door Lenin said: "There is no human emotion? There has never been, nor can there be, a pursuit of real posts. Bai Juyi, a stubborn man in the Tang Dynasty, also said: "Those who touch people's hearts don't put feelings first. "This fully demonstrates the importance of mobilizing emotions in political teaching. Ideological and political course is a highly theoretical subject. To make students understand, digest and accept these "truths", we must first move with emotion. To convince students, we must first believe in ourselves. Only when you believe in yourself can you have feelings when you speak. Teachers should enthusiastically publicize the party's principles and policies, always hit the hearts of students with high enthusiasm, and inspire, awaken and inspire them to pursue the truth. For example, when the section "Public ownership embodies the fundamental interests of the people" talks about "the establishment of socialist public ownership in China", in order to let students realize from the depths of their feelings that the establishment of public ownership in China embodies the fundamental interests and common aspirations of the broad masses of working people? I told my classmates the story of the sufferings of the working people in the old society with deep affection, which aroused everyone's enthusiasm for the private ownership of the exploiting class. At this time, while the iron is hot, I recited to the students in a low tone that "Luo Qi is not a silkworm farmer"; "What is the master of the world? Hunger is mainly about cultivating people. Tired of this, through emotional contagion, students' emotions were communicated, students' cognitive level was improved, and the teaching purpose was achieved.
Modern teaching theory holds that teaching has two main lines, one is the main line of knowledge convection, the other is the main line of emotion convection, and teaching activities are completed under the interaction and influence of knowledge and emotion. Political teaching is not only a process of imparting knowledge, but also a process of emotional communication between teachers and students. "Lovers believe", a harmonious relationship between teachers and students, students accept and trust teachers, and they are willing to accept what they say and impart knowledge to teachers. As the saying goes, the stone will only open when the truth comes. Therefore, teachers are not "teaching machines", but sacred messengers with persistent love and lofty dedication to students, career and knowledge. In teaching, teachers are enthusiastic, full of spirit, gentle and knowledgeable, and through the active participation of students, emotional contagion students. Teachers are "willing to teach" and students are "willing to learn" to stimulate students' learning emotions. Politics class is no longer boring, but "I'm afraid of hearing wrong, I don't know if the bell has rung."