Growing the garden yields fruit and rewards the labor, but the children are scratched by the birds. ——Fan Chengda's "Spring Pastoral Miscellany"
There are no more precious fruits in the world, and the jade snow skin is covered with crimson gauze. ——Qiu Jun's "Ode to Lychees"
You have worked so hard to make a living so far. What's the point of the long and long fruit? ——Fan Chengda "It's very painful to hear the voices of people selling fish and vegetables outside the wall in the snow"
The fruit from the morning is Cangzhou Yi, and the wine is served with rice and frosted chestnuts. ——Li Bai's "Moving in Huangshan at Night and Hearing the Yin Fourteen Wu Yin"
How can empty flowers seek fruit at the same time, how can Yang Yan find more fish. ——Bai Juyi's "Reading the Zen Sutra"
Commentary:
1. "Spring Pastoral Miscellaneous"
"The sound of roosters in the deep lane of willow flowers at noon, the sound of mulberry leaves The new green is not yet green. Nothing happens until I sit down to sleep, and the windows are full of sunshine to watch silkworms grow." This song has the same tune as Yang Wanli's "Rising from an Early Summer Nap". The first two sentences are a lazy description of the environment, and the last two sentences are about feeling satisfied and bored after sleeping, looking at something in a daze. Although the seasons are different, the emotionless mood is the same. There are flowers in spring, moon in autumn, cool breeze in summer and snow in winter. If there is nothing to worry about, it is a good time in the world.
"The earth is moist and the rain is frequent, and thousands of grasses and flowers bloom." The earth is moist, which means that after many spring rains, the land is moist and loose, and all the grass and flowers bloom. It's green and the flowers are blooming. In this spring, life is about to stir. Under the frequent spring rain, it bursts out in an instant, and thousands of plants and flowers bloom. "Rate" is the general holiday of "noon", which lasts for a while or not long. According to the fourth edition of "Ancient Chinese Dictionary" published by Commercial Publishing House, "pay" only means rice and delivery of food. However, the Chinese dictionary says that it was later used as "noon". Tang Hanyu also wrote, "Although there is pay for music, it is like gathering flying mosquitoes." ". "The barren border behind the house is still green, and the neighbor's whipping bamboo shoots come over the wall." Spring turns barrenness into green beauty, which is similar to "The garden is full of spring scenery, and a red apricot comes out of the wall."
2. "Ode to Lychees"
This poem "Ode to Lychees" seems ordinary but strange. Correctly understanding the sentence "poor" is the key to accurately grasping the suspense of the whole poem. . Most people understand "poor" as "pity", which is not only a barrier to the poet's ingenuity, but also ignorance of the poet's ambition. Qiu Jun has had the ambition to "count the Central Plains from overseas" ("Five Finger Mountain") and "should" since he was a child. He is full of pride and confidence in being born and raised in Hainan. He has no inferiority complex at all and will never complain about the pitiful appearance of heaven and earth. He was ambitious and talented, and was highly recommended by his contemporaries, which made him successful as a young man and prosperous all the way from a scholar to a senior central official. There will never be a sense of loss like a person who has fallen into the world with unrecognized talents. ?
3. "It is very painful to hear the voices of those selling fish and vegetables outside the wall in the snow"
This group of poems describes such a scene: in the snow, the cold wind It was freezing cold and there were few pedestrians. Only an old vegetable seller in ragged clothes could be seen. He was hunched over, carrying a basket, walking through the ice and snow, walking from door to door. His hoarse hawking voice, trembling, echoed in the streets and alleys. This is a "picture of hawking in the snow".
4. "Reading the Zen Sutra"
The "Diamond Sutra" says: "All appearances are false. If you see all appearances as non-appearances, you will see the Tathagata." It also says: "There should be no abiding in the mind." Nirvana without any residue cannot be abiding either. If you dwell in the absence of remainder and cling to the absence of remainder, then you will see the appearance of no remainder, and you will naturally not reach the ultimate point and fall into the realm of remainder. Therefore, it is said, "If you live without any surplus, you will have more than enough." The ultimate truth is indescribable because of its brokenness in words, and inconceivable when it comes to the cessation of mental actions. Therefore, "forgetting to say what is said" is a sudden enlightenment. The sutra says, "All conditioned dharma is like a dream," and life is just a big dream. And in this dream, it is said that "life is like a dream," which is "double emptiness." All the things ordinary people hold on to are nothing more than empty flowers. Empty flowers only appear due to illness and are not real. It is just that when the eyes heal, the empty flowers will disappear. Here, we should not be obsessed with seeking a place where the empty flowers will disappear. For example, practicing cultivation only restores the wisdom and virtue of the Tathagata that are inherent in all living beings. It does not mean that you can obtain some empty fruit. That is to say, nothing is destroyed and nothing is gained. This is also the meaning of Yangyan looking for fish. Zen and movement are both empty words and should not be attached to. Using Zen to criticize movement, using movement to criticize Zen, or blending Zen and movement are all entangled in attachment, making it difficult to respond accordingly. Zen movement is characterized by non-attachment, neither attachment nor attachment. Naturally, "if you are not Zen, you will be immobile, and you will be like this".
5. "Moving to Huangshan at Night and Hearing the Yin Fourteen Wu Yin"
Who sang the song of Wu last night, like the wind in the valley that shook the empty woods.
The dragon was startled and did not dare to lie still in the water, and the mountain ape stopped from time to time to listen to the singing under the rock.
I stayed at the foot of Huangshan Mountain where the bright moon illuminated the blue stream. I listened to the music played in the pine forest.
I found out in the morning that you were indeed a reclusive person, so I brought trays of wine and some frost chestnuts for dinner.
Halfway through the wine, you sang like the waves of the river and the tsunami, making my melancholy disappear in the glass of wine.
Fruits in China:
Research on foreign crops in China has mostly focused on food crops and cash crops (such as tea and cotton) in the past. For fruits, vegetables and other non-staple foods, Discussions are rare. In fact, China has a very rich variety of fruits, and the application of fruits is quite early, and it was the first place to develop a complex "grafting method". China's extensive use of fruits can be seen from the use of fruits in various sacrifices, ceremonies, meetings, and gifts. "The Rites of the Zhou Dynasty, Local Officials and Situ No. 2": "The people of the field are in charge of the fields of the country, and the fruits of the trees are rare and rare. They are collected and hidden in time. All the sacrifices and guests eat the fruits and enjoy them. Same thing.
"That is, the official in charge of orchards and the use of fruits in rituals. "The Book of Songs Wei Feng Papaya": "You give me papaya, and you give me Qiongju in return. It is always good to be rewarded by bandits. Give me peaches and give me Qiong Yao. It is always good to be rewarded by bandits. Give me wood and plums, and give me Qiongjiu in return. It is always good to be rewarded by bandits. ” indicates that fruits were widely used as gifts in early China.