The 700-mile Three Gorges, flanked by continuous mountains, is almost uninterrupted. Layers of cliffs, row upon row, cover the sky. If it weren't for noon and midnight, even the sun and the moon couldn't be seen.
In summer, the water rises, the river overflows the mountains, and the boats are blocked and unable to sail. Sometimes the emperor's orders must be conveyed quickly. At this time, just take a boat from Baidicheng in the early morning and arrive at Jiangling in the evening. The distance between them is 1200 miles. Even riding a fine horse and driving a high wind, it is not as fast as it.
In spring and winter, snow-white rapids and dark green pools swirl with the clear waves, reflecting the shadows of various scenery. There are many strange cypress trees growing on the extremely high peaks, and there are often hanging springs and waterfalls between the peaks. Clear water, brilliant trees, high mountains, lush grass and endless fun.
In autumn, in the morning of Chuqing or first frost, trees and mountain streams are cool and quiet. The high ape stretched out his voice, and his voice was continuous, which was very desolate and strange. The echo of the ape cry came from the empty valley, which was sad and euphemistic, and it took a long time to disappear. So the fisherman has a song: "The Three Gorges in Badong are long, and the apes cry three times!"
Original text:
Three Gorges (Northern Wei geographer and essayist Li Daoyuan)
The Three Gorges, 700 Li, is surrounded by mountains on both sides, and there is no gap. Rocks piled up like mountains, blocking the sun and the sky. I haven't seen the rising moon since midnight in the pavilion. As for launching Xiangling, it is blocked along the river. Or the king ordered an emergency notice, sometimes going to Baidicheng and going to Jiangling at dusk. During this period, although he took the wind, he didn't get sick.
In spring and summer, the green pool is surging and the reflection is clear. There are many strange cypresses, hanging springs and waterfalls flying in them. Rong Qing Junmao, it's fun.
At the beginning of every sunny day, the frost shines, the forest is cold and sad, and there are often high apes whistling, which leads to sadness, the empty valley echoes, and the sadness turns to leisurely. So the fisherman sang: "The Wuxia Gorge in the Three Gorges of Badong is long, and the apes cry three times, and tears are spilled on their skirts."
Comment on words and phrases:
1. Three Gorges: Qutang Gorge, Xiling Gorge and Wuxia between Chongqing and Hubei Province.
2. From: Yu. It means "in" here.
Both sides of the strait are mountains, and there is nothing lacking: both sides of the strait are connected mountains, and there is no interruption at all. A little, not at all. Que (Qu) and "Que" are the same, lacking and gaping.
4. ZHANG: A dangerous mountain peak.
5. Hide: Shelter.
6. Self-denial: If not. Ego: If. No: no.
7. Pavilion noon: noon. Pavilion, front.
8. Night: midnight.
9. Sunrise (xρ) month: the sun and the moon. Sunrise, sunshine, here refers to the sun.
10. Xiashui Town (xiāng) Mausoleum: In summer, the water rises higher than Gaoling Mausoleum. Xiangling refers to the water flowing down from the mausoleum on the mountain. Item, flooded, flooded. Mausoleum, mountain mausoleum. From Shang Shu Yao Dian: "Swing Hu Aishan Xiangling is magnificent." Direction, verb, up, up. Mausoleum, a big earth mountain, here refers to the mausoleum.
1 1. Backward blocking: the upstream and downstream waterways are blocked and navigation is impossible. Down: Down the river. Back: Upstream.
12. Sometimes.
13. Wang Ming: the emperor's order.
14. announcement: announcement, dissemination and communication.
15. Chaobaidi: Depart from Baidicheng in the morning. Chao: Good morning. Bai Di: The name of the ancient city, so it is located at the mouth of Qutang Gorge in Fengjie, Chongqing.
16. Jiangling: the name of the ancient city, in Jingzhou City, Hubei Province.
17. In the meantime: from Baidicheng to Jiangling.
18.200 Li: 1200 Li, about 350 kilometers.
19. Although: Conjunction, indicating hypothetical concession, equivalent to "even if".
20. Ben: This refers to a galloping horse.
2 1. in: control.
22. Not to get sick: not so fast. So, like this. Disease, come on.
23.tuān: a torrent that stirs up white waves. Element: white. Turbulence: fast-moving water.
24. Green pool: dark green water. Tan: Deep water.
25. Back to the clear reflection: The whirling clear waves reflect all kinds of scenery.
26. Absolutely? (y ǐ n): Very high mountain peak. Absolutely: extremely. ? A very high mountain peak. (? It refers to a very high mountain peak. [ 10]?
27. Kibo: a cypress tree with a strange shape.
28. Hanging spring: Spring water flowing down from the top of the mountain. Wait, wait, wait
29. Fei Shu: Hurry down. Wash: swing.
30. Qingrong Junmao: The water is clear and the trees are glorious, and the mountains are high and the grass is lush. Rong: Lush.
3 1. Lots of fun: There is indeed a lot of fun (endless fun). L: very, very.
32. Early sunny: it is sunny.
33. first frost: Morning in first frost means autumn.
34. Lin Han: The climate in the mountains is very cold.
Su Jian: The climate in the canyon is very cold. A stream, sandwiched in a ditch between two mountains. Sue, cold, cold.
36. Whistle: Animals make long sounds.
37. Genus (zhǔ): verb, connection.
38. Introduction: Extension.
39. Sadness: Sadness.
40. ringtone: echo.
4 1. Sadness turns to eternity: the voice is sad and euphemistic, long time no see.
42. Badong: the name of Han County, located in Yunyang, Fengjie and Wushan in the east of Chongqing.
43. Three sounds: several sounds. This is not an exact number.
44. get wet
45.cháng: ancient clothing to cover the lower limbs, borrowed clothes.
Creative background:
Li Daoyuan was born in an official family. When I was a child, I went to Shandong with my father to seek waterways. Later, he traveled the Qinling Mountains, north of Huaihe River and south of the Great Wall, inspected river valleys, collected relevant customs, historical stories, myths and legends, and created 40 volumes of Notes on Water Mirrors. Nominally, it is based on the annotation of Shui Jing Zhu, but actually it is a re-creation on the basis of Shui Jing Zhu. This book describes 1252 rivers, and related historical sites, anecdotes, myths and legends. , nearly 1000 more than the original, the text has increased by more than 20 times, and the content is much richer than the original water mirror.
This article is excerpted from Thirty-four Volumes by Zhu and Zhu, and the title of the article is added by later generations. It was written by the author to record the majestic scenery and four seasons of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River.
Literary appreciation:
This article is a landscape work, and the author describes the natural features of the Three Gorges in less than 200 words. The full text describes things, combining dynamic and static, blending scenes, moving with the scene, concise and refined, vivid and vivid.
The full text consists of four paragraphs, which are four tall and straight ink and wash landscape paintings. The first paragraph is about mountains, and the last three paragraphs are about water.
In the first sentence, the author begins with "700 miles from the Three Gorges", which not only explains the object of description, but also introduces its total length. Then, the author writes about mountains, describing the connection between mountains with "no gap between the two banks", describing the height of mountains with "the sky blocks the sun", and further making people feel the narrowness of the Three Gorges with the profile of "leaving the pavilion at midnight and not seeing the sunrise", which vividly outlines the majestic Three Gorges in several strokes.
Starting from the second paragraph, the author writes about water according to natural seasons, and first writes about the summer with the largest and most urgent water potential. The four words "Xiang Ling Xia, resistance along the back" are used to describe the sinister water potential, high water level and urgent water flow. "I was in the morning and arrived in Jiangling at dusk. Although riding against the wind during the period, he was not sick. " Through comparison and exaggeration, I highlight the disease of water flow after the river surges in summer. Then write about the spring and summer when the water potential drops. At this time, the Three Gorges can be summarized by the word "repair".
The third paragraph describes the scene of the Three Gorges in spring and summer: the water recedes and the scenery is beautiful. Starting from "The Turn of Spring and Summer", the description object naturally changes, and when it is relaxed, the scene is different, and another scene is shaking in the camera. The white rapids reflect the clear light, and the green pools reflect the shadow of the scenery. Let's write down what we can see from the river. Turbulence is dynamic and pool is static. Decorate "turbulence" with "elements", the water is as white as white, bright and light, with clear light on the top, green in white and changeable water and light. Deep water is a pool, and decorating the pool with "green" is conducive to seeing the deep and seeing the quiet. If there is a shadow in the water, such as a mirror, and the reflection enters the pool, the scenery is more beautiful. The rapids are sparkling, the deep pools are beautiful, the movements are mixed, and the colors are different, which makes each other interesting. The following can be seen from the bottom of the gorge to the foot of the mountain. Writing cypress trees with "unique" mountains and "strange" shows the local natural characteristics. The rocks are steep and towering, so they are "unique". The cypress trees on the mountain are supported between rocks, and the sun can only be seen at noon. It should be bent to the sun, and narrow canyons and strong winds will naturally distort its branches. And it will naturally become a "strange" shape after a long time. In this inaccessible place where birds and animals are scarce, "strange cypress" shows exuberant vitality and strong will, and injects a stream of life into the landscape, making people feel full of business. The author wrote this just to outline a background for the "Hanging Spring Waterfall". The mountain is quiet, the spring flies, the birch, the water is strange, there is movement in the quiet, the sound is endless, and the mountains and rivers are in contrast, which constitutes a tall and detached picture, which is quite different from the "Bichi, Qingying". In the third paragraph, the author concludes: the water is clear and the wood is glorious, the mountains are steep and the grass is lush, which is really interesting. Four kinds of scenery are described by four concise words, each with its own characteristics, and the author's artistic conception comes from the scenery.
The author writes winter and spring together, taking into account the characteristics of the two seasons. When there is no water in winter, there will be a "green pool", and when things are fresh in spring, there will be "glory" of vegetation. What is written in this section is completely different from that described in the previous section. Summer water is fierce and spring water gurgles; Water in summer is very dangerous, and water in spring is very interesting. The author thinks that the scenery of the Three Gorges is "very interesting", which is quite different from the feudal literati's thoughts and feelings about the Three Gorges.
The fourth paragraph describes the scene of the Three Gorges in autumn: the water is dry and cold, and the apes sing bleak. The "frost" of "frost" means autumn, and the style of writing is changeable. And then use real scenes to make up for the meaning of the former, while between Jennie Wang, it is cold and solemn. At this time, there is no noise of the river, and there is no glory of vegetation. Instead, it is full of a desolate atmosphere. The writing of Qiuxia is represented by apes, which are divided into two layers, one is direct narration, and the other is citing fishing songs as evidence. The description of apes revolves around the two key points of "mountain" and "mourning", thus showing the characteristics of summer and autumn. "Gao" is used to describe an ape, indicating that it is an ape on a high mountain, and "Chang" is used to describe a long whistle, indicating that it is in a long canyon. "Empty valley echoes", to put it bluntly, in the mountains. "I haven't seen you for a long time" and responded that "the mountains on both sides of the strait are indispensable." Writing fishing songs is also a word of "gorge length" and a word of sorrow. From the singing of apes, people can further realize that the mountains are high, the mountains are connected, the gorge is narrow and the water is long. At the same time, the ape moaned and played up the bleak atmosphere in autumn. It also makes people realize the hardships of fishermen and the hardships of life from this fishing song.
The full text uses concise and vivid pen and ink to write the magnificent, steep and beautiful scenery of the Three Gorges. The author describes the scenery by grasping its characteristics. Write mountains, highlighting the characteristics of continuity and covering the sky. Writing water depicts different scenes in different seasons. In summer, rivers flood all over the mountains and rivers, and ships are blocked. "In spring and summer, the green pool is surging and the reflection is clear. Absolutely? Duoqibai, hanging springs and waterfalls, flies in it. " Snow-white rapids, green pools, rolling waves and beautiful reflections make the author admire "endless fun". In autumn, however, "the forest is cold and cold, and there are often high apes whistling", and the sorrow cries constantly, and in the empty valley, "the sorrow turns for a long time." The strange sight of the Three Gorges is vividly depicted. The author used a lot of stippling to write the scenery, and only used more words of One Happy and Fifty to get the panorama of the Three Gorges in 700 miles. Write the scenery of spring and summer, with "plain", "green", "clear" and "shadow" characters; Write the autumn scenery, and vividly show the charm of the scenery with "cold", "sad" and "sad" characters. The article describes mountains first, then water, with natural layout and clear thinking. Write about the four seasons of moisture. In the rhythm of the article, it is also a combination of static and dynamic, swaying. Towering peaks, surging rivers, clear waters, flying waterfalls, sad ape songs and sad fishing songs form a natural and harmonious picture with different styles, which left a deep impression on readers. The quoted poems show the characteristics of outstanding mountains and high waters, and at the same time, they render the sad atmosphere of the Three Gorges autumn scenery.
About the author:
Li Daoyuan (472-527) was born in Zhuozhou, Fanyang (now Zhuozhou, Hebei). The son of Fan Li, a general in Pingtung, was an official and geographer in the Northern Wei Dynasty. He has served as deputy general of the imperial history, commander of the northern corps commander, etc., and has also served as chief history of Jizhou, satrap of Luyang County, secretariat of East Jingzhou, and Yin of Henan Province. Strict law enforcement, was appointed as ambassador Guan Yu by the Northern Wei court. In the third year of Xiaochang in the Northern Wei Dynasty (527), Guo Zihui was killed by Bao Xiaobu at Yinpan Post. Write 40 volumes of Shuijing notes. His writing style is meaningful and vivid, which is not only a colorful geographical work, but also a collection of beautiful landscape prose. In addition, he also wrote thirteen local chronicles and seven letters of appointment, but they have all been lost.