Xiaochi, the first draft of an ancient poem in the first grade of primary school, is an ancient poem in the second volume of the new curriculum standard textbook. Here, I will talk about the process and experience of processing, researching and designing this ancient poem in combination with the characteristics of first-year students learning ancient poems and the laws that should be followed in the teaching of ancient poems.
First of all, talk about textbooks.
The ancient poem Xiaochi is the work of Yang Wanli, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, which describes the beautiful, harmonious and loving scene of Xiaochi in early summer. It takes spring eyes, shade, lotus flowers and dragonflies as images, and combines motion and static to outline a picture full of vitality and harmony, showing the interest of early summer and expressing the poet's love for ponds and nature. Apart from the word "tender feelings", this article is easy to understand, short and pithy, especially "love, cherish and stick to it", which is very interesting and suitable for junior students to read. It is also a good material to train students to recite ancient poems, stimulate students' interest in learning ancient poems, and sow national culture in their young hearts. What should this poem teach them? For the first-year students, it is most important to learn to recite ancient poems correctly and to be interested in learning them.
So I have determined the following teaching objectives.
Teaching objectives:
1. Understand the content of the poem, feel the scene described in the poem, and stimulate the interest in loving nature.
2. Know four new words, write four new words, read and recite ancient poems.
3. Understand key words and poems, and express the meaning of poems in your own words.
Teaching emphasis: understanding key words and the main idea of poetry.
Difficulties in teaching: read the associative pictures of poetry and feel the fresh and natural writing characteristics of poetry.
Second, talk about teaching methods and learning methods.
For an ancient poem, it would be a big mistake if the teaching of first-year students only stays on the tedious and boring explanation to the students. Because of this kind of empty didactic teaching, which dismembers the words of poetry into related words and brings meaning, students always lack interest in form, interest, rational interest and real feelings of interest in poetry through special forms of poetry. Therefore, under the guidance of the teacher, this poem should be learned as follows:
1, emphasize the pronunciation. As mentioned earlier, the lack of chanting in poetry learning is equivalent to a fish out of water. The artistic conception of poetry will be lost. Therefore, reading instruction in teaching takes correct reading-proficient reading-emotional reading as the way to experience interesting reading and let students be infected by beauty in recitation.
2. Play fun. Ancient poets were very particular about the use of words, striving for perfection. This poem is no exception. Only by grasping the "cherish, love and stand" in ancient poetry, savoring, playing and digging deep into the details can students enter the realm of poetry, experience the feelings and love of Koike, enter the emotional world of the author, experience the taste of poetry and feel the author's love for Koike.
3. Imaginative exhibition methods. Imagination is the wing of aesthetics. The truth we find in works of art is not discovered directly by the eyes, but through the imagination of the eyes. Therefore, in the teaching of ancient poetry, I ask students to imagine what animals are standing on it. Not only can students accumulate language, but more importantly, they can not only get beautiful scenery and harmonious beauty of ponds, but also stimulate students' interest in learning ancient poems.
I believe that under my guidance, students will slowly sing in a low voice, appreciate the tone, feel the beauty, appreciate the poetry and express their understanding of rhyme. The classroom will be full of books, poems and emotions.
Third, talk about the teaching process:
First, stimulate the introduction of interest.
1. Students, we have learned an ancient poem "On the Pool" before. Who remembers? Say its name and recite it. What is the main content of this poem? The children are stealing lotus flowers in the pond. Today, we are going to learn another ancient poem related to a small pond. The title is "Little Pond" and the title is blackboard writing.
2. Introduction Author: This poem was written by Yang Wanli in Tang Dynasty.
Second, guide the first time to read the text with pictures.
1, student, Xiaochi refers to a small lotus pond, also known as a small lotus pond. So imagine what kind of beautiful scenery the small lotus pond will have in summer? Students can imagine freely and describe in words.
Let's look at the illustrations in the textbook and see what's in the small pond in the text. Say what scenery is painted on the picture. Try to boast about the beautiful scenery of the small lotus pond. So how does the poet describe such a beautiful pond? Read it for yourselves. If you don't know the words, please help your pinyin friends.
Students can read poems and learn new words freely.
4. Check the self-reading.
(1) shows the new word: "Yesterday" is recognized. Then the teacher added a vertical center on it. Do you recognize it? What can you add to the past?
(2) Learn "Ting" and "Ting" in the same way.
(3) Read the whole poem by name, and the teacher corrects the pronunciation.
5. Read it together.
Third, guide reading and experience poetry.
1, please ask one student to read the whole poem, and the other students will look at the picture while listening and think about what scenery this poem has written.
2. How did the poet write about spring eyes? How does the spring flow? What does "pity" mean? Who can't stand who? Who can tell me the meaning of this poem?
(1) Guide reading in a reluctant tone.
(2) Students can practice reading freely.
(3) Read by name.
3. How did the author write Shade? Read the second line. What does "the shade of the tree shines on the water" mean? Qingrou has just been understood by students. How do you understand "love is clear and soft"? Who likes the soft scenery on a sunny day? What does this poem mean?
(1) Read your favorite tone.
(2) Students practice reading and men and women compete for reading.
Summary: These two lines describe the scenery around the pond-spring eyes and shade. The author writes that the eyes and shade of spring understand feelings like people, but in fact they are integrated into the author's own feelings. Do you know what the author expressed?
(Love) Please read these two lines together and read the tone of reluctance and admiration.
Read by name, read by game.
5. How did the author write River and Dragonfly?
Read three or four lines. These two lines of poems are about the scenery in a small pool. What does "Xiao He" mean? What does "Cai" mean here? What did tenderness and lotus leaf just reveal? Where's the dragonfly? Who knows what season this pond is? Why? (In early summer, because there are only lotus leaves and dragonflies in summer, the lotus leaves just show their sharp corners, indicating that it has just entered summer) "Chu" and "Cai" poets use them very accurately and vividly. With these two words, what do we seem to see when reading these two lines of poetry? Connect the meanings of these two lines and say. How to express vivid and interesting scenes through reading?
Instruct reading aloud.
6. Let's talk about the meaning of the four-character poem in a coherent way and pay attention to the connection between the contents in the poem. (Talking to oneself, each other and in public)
7. Summary: Yes, clear spring water, dense trees, delicate lotus leaves and lovely dragonflies have become a beautiful scenery in the pond. No wonder the poet wrote this little pool. It's beautiful here!
8. Read by name repeatedly to guide the reading tone.
9. Read aloud in class.
10, read poetry with emotion.
Fourth, summary:
Ponds are only a very, very small part of nature, and there are more beautiful scenery in nature. These beautiful scenery are waiting for children to discover, watch and praise. Of course, nature wants you to love everything and protect the environment. In this way, the beautiful scenery will become more and more beautiful and more and more.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) summary: What have you learned?
Six, homework:
1, dictation of ancient poems.
2. Find a poem by Yang Wanli.
Fourth, talk about after-school reflection.
"Chinese Curriculum Standard" points out: "The purpose of Chinese curriculum evaluation is not only to examine the degree to which students have achieved their learning goals, but also to test and improve students' Chinese learning and teachers' teaching, improve curriculum design and perfect teaching process, so as to effectively promote students' development." Therefore, the use of various effective evaluation methods can achieve the role of encouragement, guidance and adjustment. In this ancient poetry teaching class, which focuses on poetry reading, I try to stimulate students' desire to actively participate in learning with sincere language, gentle expression, expectant eyes and tolerant attitude. When students make mistakes in reading, I give them correction and comfort. When students know that they can't find the direction, I respect and guide them. When the students understand and feel it, I will give them praise and amplification. In this way, we should pay attention to the performance of students at different levels in the classroom in time, encourage and evaluate them in time, so as to build a democratic, interactive and harmonious classroom and make the classroom full of poetry!
Draft lecture notes on ancient poetry in the first grade of primary school 2 1, teaching material analysis.
Confucius, an ancient educator, said, "If you don't learn poetry, you have nothing to say." This sentence is of great significance today, because the language of ancient poetry is concise, the emotion is strong, the rhythm is distinct and the artistic conception is beautiful. Guiding students to learn some ancient poems can cultivate sentiment, enrich imagination and cultivate students' interest and sensitivity in language and writing. Although the number of ancient poems arranged in our textbooks is small, they are all masterpieces, which are good materials for our language training and aesthetic education for students. In this lesson, two ancient poems, Wo He and Thinking for Farmers, were written by Li Shen, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Every poem is a five-character quatrain. Compared with the two, weeding is slightly more difficult than caring for farmers. I am going to teach Wo He in order to guide students to learn independently, master the basic methods of learning ancient poems, and then learn Compassion for Peasants. Then take one more poem and let the students learn two supplementary poems, Singing Goose and Xiao Chun. Of course, these two ancient poems are carefully selected with moderate difficulty, which not only cultivates children's self-learning ability, but also accumulates ancient poems. Therefore, learning the ancient poem Mohe well is the key to the teaching of this course. According to the difficulty of teaching materials and the need to improve teaching efficiency, I teach every two hours. The first teaching time: Take Weeding as an example to teach, fully dissect and fully demonstrate the learning process; The second class: guide students to study Compassion for Farmers, and make up for Goose Fu and Xiao Chun. This arrangement is concise, compact and focused. I will focus on the analysis of the ancient poem Mohe. (Show pictures of courseware and write on the blackboard: Weeding)
Chu River is the third ancient poem that students learn in primary school textbooks. I have studied two ancient poems, Painting and Gulangyue, and the meaning is relatively easy to understand. The ancient poem Chuhe is also relatively simple, but the word order must be changed appropriately when understanding the meaning. Then, correctly understanding the meaning of words in poetry is one of the difficulties in the teaching of this course. From the content, the first two sentences of Weeding describe the labor scene of farmers sweating and weeding in the hot sun; The last two sentences tell people by rhetorical question that food is hard to come by.
What is the focus of teaching? I think it is to let students understand the meaning of poetry independently and appreciate the poet's praise and sympathy for the workers.
According to the characteristics of the teaching materials and the requirements of the syllabus, through the analysis of the teaching materials, combined with after-class exercises, and in view of the actual situation of the small class of senior one students in our school, I have formulated five teaching objectives for the first class:
1. Master the five new words "He", "Wu", "Li", "Xin" and "Ku", and focus on understanding the meanings of the words "weeding", "being a man" and "toiling".
2. Can tell the meaning of this ancient poem.
3. Be able to read ancient poems with emotion and recite them skillfully.
4. Master the learning methods of ancient poetry and cultivate students' learning ability.
5, understand the hard work of farmers, food is hard to come by. Educate students to respect farmers' labor and cherish food.
Second, preach the law.
1, teaching methods
Make full use of the trial teaching method, fully believe in students' ability and teach students how to learn.
Use these four steps to learn: "Understanding poetry, knowing poets, understanding poetry and reciting poetry".
Step 2 study law
Divide into study groups, let students learn to enjoy knowledge and gain knowledge through communication.
Third, the basic teaching process
As we all know, implementing the key points and breaking through the difficulties are the keys to successfully achieve the expected goals in practical teaching. It is boring and profound for junior children to learn ancient poetry. So I divide the teaching process into four steps (showing projection).
Let me explain it in detail.
1, poem interpretation
Show the pictures of weeding first, and guide the students to understand the meaning of weeding on the basis of observing the pictures. In this process, teachers should ask questions appropriately, and at the same time teach the new word "harmony" to check whether students can read poems correctly and coherently in pinyin. Here, teachers can penetrate a little. If they encounter an ancient poem with ambiguous meaning, they will generally understand the title of the poem first. For example, when studying the ancient poem "Compassion for Peasants", we usually understand the meaning of "Compassion for Peasants" first.
Step 2 know the poet
Then, introduce two ancient poems in this lesson to the students. The original title is "Compassion for Farmers". "weeding" was originally the second song. This was also written by Li Shen, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. At the same time, he emphasized that Li Shen was a native of Wuxi, and his poems were very famous.
3. Poetry in Ming Dynasty
I asked the students to recall what ancient poems they had learned and mastered after class. Think back to what knowledge you should master when learning ancient poetry. Because the children in the experimental class have accumulated much more ancient poems than the children in the ordinary class, through this link, the information in the students' memory warehouse is activated for today's study. Next, I will ask students to read poems freely and try to understand the meaning of words. On the basis of self-study, let them discuss what they have learned and what words they don't understand. It is estimated that students have some difficulties in understanding the words "when, when, when, when, when, when to weed", which needs to be discussed and solved on the basis of the teacher's guidance. Where is the inspiration? "Point" is the law of learning, and "dial" is to let students actively explore knowledge. For example, I can ask them to talk about what to do if they encounter difficulties in their studies. Students may say, "Look it up in the dictionary, ask parents, teachers and classmates, etc." . Students refer to the dictionary, contact poems, and know that "all" means "all". When "teaching can be infiltrated in the teaching of" weeding at noon ":ask" weeding at noon "and look at pictures. When is this? (noon) Where do you think it is noon? 2. Show "Every day is noon", say "When", and let students use "When" to find friends (at that time, just). 3. Look at the pictures, read the sentences and talk about the meaning of "every day is noon". 4. Say the meaning of this sentence in your own words. Here, we should tell students that in order to make the sentences clear, we can reverse the word order in ancient poems and guide students to complete the first sentence in the order of when, who and where. The rest of the poems are also taught in this way, so that students can explain the meaning of words through self-study and teacher's guidance, and then try to say the meaning of poems string by string, which is the focus of teaching. Courseware is gradually displayed in the process of students' communication, and the teaching of new words is also interspersed among them. I told the students that you can change the order of the poems and add words. I just hope that the meaning is basically in place and the sentences are smooth and coherent. In this process, students speak sentence by sentence first, then let them comment for themselves, and finally I will correct them. In this way, through the communication between teachers and students, we can correctly understand the meaning of the whole poem, thus implementing the teaching focus of this lesson.
Step 4 recite poems
Ancient poetry has a distinct rhythm, harmonious rhyme and catchy reading. In order to let students read the taste and feeling, I teach them in four steps:
1, the teacher demonstrates reading aloud and determines the tone: serious and heavy. * (teacher model reading)
2. Using the trial reading method, let the students mark their own pauses and stresses, and read aloud with emotion.
3. Teachers should give appropriate technical guidance: for example, reading the sentence "Who ate the Chinese food on the plate, every grain was hard" requires students to reread "Who knows the Chinese food on the plate" and "Every grain is hard", slow down and read aloud. (Teachers demonstrate reading)
4. Practice reading repeatedly, using individual reading, group reading, men's and women's reading, competition reading and other forms until you are familiar with it. Finally, the teacher asked the students a leading question: What did you learn by studying "Cutting Crops"? Students may give teachers different levels of answers. Some are the mastery of the content, some are the understanding of the central idea, and some are the methods of learning ancient poems. We should guide students to think deeply. Of course, the requirements should not be very high, as long as you can roughly say what you mean. Because, after all, they are only in the first grade, and they are still in the primary stage of learning ancient poetry. They will gradually realize it on the long road to study in the future.
Fourth, homework design.
According to the difficulty of this lesson and the characteristics of "fundamentality, flexibility and expansibility" when designing homework, I designed these homework appropriately:
1. Ask students to complete the questions in the workbook and consolidate the basic knowledge.
2. Encourage students to continue to accumulate some ancient poems after class to prepare for the ancient poetry reading contest.