The water and sky are vast, and I hate the east wind and don't borrow anything from the world. In the residual photos of Wu Hua, a Shu bird, I can't bear to watch this desolate city crumble! Bronze sparrow Chun Qing, golden autumn tears, who hates this snow! Open and firm, the bullfight is empty. Xinhai spent the rest of his life sailing south to Wan Li, belonging to a gondola. He is leaving a drunken eye for Gull, looking at the clouds, swallowing columns, walking back to the flag, and rushing to the crown through the ages. Companions don't sleep, Qinhuai should be a lonely moon.
Wen Tianxiang (1236- 1282) was born in Jishui, Wenshan (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi). He became prime minister. Yuan soldiers invaded the south, and he rose to work for the king. After the defeat, he was defeated, unyielding and killed. He was a famous national hero in the late Song Dynasty. His poems, essays and ci poems are the records of his fighting career, the declaration of patriotic thoughts, and the blood and tears.
This poem entitled "Farewell to Friends at the Post Station" was written when Wen Tianxiang was taken to Dadu (now Beijing) after being captured and passed through Jinling (Nanjing) to say goodbye to friends at the post station (official inn). This friend's name is Fu, who lived in Tianqing Temple in Jinling at that time. The inscription of "Qi Jiang Yue" is "Nian Nujiao", but his poems are full of indomitable fighting spirit and lofty desire to despise powerful enemies. In artistic expression, in order to condense complex thoughts and feelings into refined language, Wen Tianxiang borrowed more allusions and artistic conception from previous poems.
Facing the Yangtze River, which is connected by water and sky, I really hate God for not helping us and letting the Yuan Army defeat us. Spring has come, cuckoos are singing, and the sunset is slanting against the flowers, but how can I bear to watch Nanjing destroyed by the Yuan Army? I don't know who can get revenge when I think that our women and precious cultural relics have been plundered by the enemy and even I have become a prisoner myself. How sorry I am, how pitiful I am. It thinks I'm a hero. The first three sentences recalled the failure of the anti-yuan struggle. Here, I borrowed the allusion that Zhou Yu of the Three Kingdoms set fire to Cao Cao's fleet in Battle of Red Cliffs. It is said that it happened to meet the southeast wind, as if God intended to help Zhou Yu succeed. However, the army of the Southern Song Dynasty failed to resist the Yuan army by virtue of the natural barrier of the Yangtze River, as if heaven helped. It is an advantage to write that the Yangtze River is wide in water and sky, which can stop the enemy.
Write about what you saw and heard when you passed by Jinling from "The Flowers of Shu Birds" to "Who hates this snow". "Shu bird" refers to Zigui, that is, cuckoo. According to legend, it was changed after the death of Shu Wang, and he cried very sadly. "Wuhua" refers to the flowers and plants of the State of Wu, and Jinling was the capital of the State of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. "Afterglow" refers to the exposure of the sunset. "Chun Qing" is transformation. Copper sparrow locks Er Qiao Spring. "It means that if Battle of Red Cliffs didn't help Zhou Yu from the southeast wind, Cao Cao's army would cross the Yangtze River and bring the two sisters (Sun Ce and Zhou Yu's wife) to the famous bronze sparrow terrace built by Cao Cao. Du Mu's poems are just a hypothesis. However, when the Southern Song Dynasty perished, the imperial concubines [pínfí] were indeed plundered by the Yuan Army, so Wen Tianxiang used them. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once cast an immortal weighing 1,000 kilograms in Chang 'an Palace. After the death of the Han Dynasty, Wei Mingdi sent people to Chang 'an to move the Tong Ren. It is said that the bronze man was unwilling to leave his hometown and shed tears. This means that after the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty, precious cultural relics were looted by the Yuan Army. In a word, Wen Tianxiang's eyes are full of broken scenes after the death of Jin people, and his heart is full of hatred. But he thought bitterly: himself.
The phrase "open but firm but gentle" is a regret for your failure. As the ancient saying goes, a good sword has the essence of heaven. "Bullfighting" refers to the Big Dipper and Altair. "Empty recognition of a strange hero" means that I am a white hero. The meaning of these two sentences is that the sword I wear is a good sword, but unfortunately I have fallen into the enemy's hands and failed to live up to this sentence that I regard myself as a good sword of Yingjie.
The second part of the poem reviews the hard experience of struggling with the Yuan Dynasty and expresses the determination not to give in to friends. Not long ago, in order to fight against the Yuan army, I once got rid of the close surveillance of the enemy and went south by sea to raise the banner of the anti-Yuan struggle. Although I was later captured in defeat, I am determined to fight bravely and tenaciously with the enemy and safeguard the lofty national integrity, just as Lin Xiangru denounced the King of Qin and Zhuge Liang scared off Sima Yi.
The following three sentences in Jiang Hai's Letters for the Rest of His Life are recorded as 1276. He got rid of the surveillance of Yuan soldiers from Zhenjiang and fled south by sea. "This letter", where did you think of it? "belonging", entrusting. "Jiang Hai spent the rest of his life traveling south to Wan Li" means that he first fled to Tongzhou (now Nantong City, Jiangsu Province), and then went to sea by boat to continue south. "The rest of his life. This refers to the comrades-in-arms of Kang Yuan. " "Zuiyan" originally meant to see things drunk, and "Zuiyan" meant to see things affectionately. "Sheng Tao Wu Yun" refers to the change of the war situation. These two sentences show that he went south to Wan Li to find his comrades-in-arms for the great cause of resisting Yuan. The following three sentences use two allusions. "Zuiyan" Lin Xiangru was ordered by the prince of Zhao to send Bi to the State of Qin. Seeing that Qin Wang didn't exchange fifteen cities for Bi's sincerity, he stood on the post with He Shibi in a rage and warned Qin Wang that he would rather throw Bi on the post if he wanted to catch Bi! The king of Qin dare not rob. The word' wind column' means to look at the column obliquely. "Win [Ying], the surname of the king of Qin. "Swallow to win" means that Lin Xiangru was so angry that he wanted to swallow the king of Qin. "Return to the Flag and Walk Away" tells the story of Zhuge Liang in the Three Kingdoms. Zhuge Liang died in the army, Sima Yi led the troops in pursuit, and the Shu army.
The last two sentences are back to reality, which means that everything mentioned above has become the past. At present, he is detained in the posthouse in Jinling. He is only accompanied by the lonely moon on the Qinhuai River and can't sleep. "No sleep [mèi]" can't sleep. Qinhuai River is a river that flows through Jinling. These two sentences show that although the reality is so cruel, the tenacious spirit of struggle still excites the author.