Rhymed poetry is divided into two types: tetralogy and arranged rhyme (also called "long rhyme"). arranged rhyme is rare and will not be discussed here. Quadruple verse requires that the first and last couplets can be in opposition or not, but the two middle couplets must be in opposition. That is, the number of words in the upper and lower couplets is equal, the structure is the same, and the oblique and oblique words are relative to each other; within a sentence, the oblique and oblique words should be alternated. For example, Du Fu's "The Prime Minister of Shu":
Where can I find the ancestral hall of the Prime Minister?
There is a lot of people outside Jinguan City.
The green grass reflects the spring color on the steps,
The oriole sounds good in the sky through the leaves.
Three visits to the world are frequent,
The two dynasties opened the hearts of the old ministers.
He died before he left the army.
The hero burst into tears.
The two middle couplets (neck couplet and chin couplet) are respectively "The green grass reflects the spring color on the steps, and the yellow oriole has a good sound in the sky across the leaves" and "Three visits have troubled the world, and the two dynasties have helped the old ministers' hearts." We Let’s analyze it:
First of all, the number of words is equal, not to mention it, this is a must;
Secondly, the structure is the same: diapposition, verb to verb; leaf to step, noun For nouns, the two words combined are verb-object structure versus verb-object structure. Yellow versus green is color versus color; oriole versus grass, it's animals versus plants; the two words combined are a fixed structure versus a fixed structure... You can analyze the rest yourself, it's all the same. Let me just mention two special words: "Chao" and "Gu". One is a noun and the other is a verb. They seem to be inconsistent. However, "Chao" also means "toward", which is a verb, so it matches. Yes, this is called "different meanings and opposites" in the antithesis, that is, although the meanings in the poem do not match, they can be matched with other meanings, and this is okay.
Finally, look at Pingqi. Ping and tones correspond to tones. Note that the pronunciation of ancient Chinese is different from that of modern Chinese. Modern Chinese has four tones: Yinping, Yangping, Shangsheng, and Qusheng. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were four tones of Pingsheng, Shangsheng, Qusheng, and Rusheng, among which Pingsheng is "ping". ”, the four upper tones, the lower tones and the lower tones are “仄”, and “仄” means uneven. That is to say, in the rhythmic poetry, the tones are divided into two types: level and oblique. It is required that the upper and lower couplets should be equal to each other, that is, level to oblique, oblique to equal; each sentence should be alternate between level and oblique, that is, two words per beat, and each beat should alternate between oblique and oblique. conduct. The general rule is "one, three, and five are indistinguishable, but two, four, and six are distinct." That is to say, the relative and contrast between flat and oblique mainly depends on the characters two, four, and six, not the characters one, three, and five. Of course, this is a general rule, and there are also special rules, which I won’t elaborate on here. For example, the relationship between the two couplets in the middle of the poem above is:
仄平仄仄仄平仄,
仄仄平平仄平;
平仄平平仄仄,< /p>
廄平平廄仄平平
It can be seen that the words 246 indeed achieve the alternation of levels and obliques in the sentence, and the upper and lower parts are opposite. At the same time, there are also two couplets that are closely connected with each other. The 246 characters in the second, third, fourth and fifth sentences, and the sixth and seventh sentences are generally the same. It is also consistent here.
Finally, I would like to emphasize that the tone depends on the ancient tone and cannot be judged by the modern tone.