Recommended dishes: Shuangfeng aphrodisiac porridge, stir-fried bean curd with green pepper and Shoubi Nanshan
Detailed introduction to salt
Introduction to raw materials
Salt is a part of people’s daily life One of the indispensable foods in the human body, each person needs 6 to 10 grams of salt per day to maintain the normal activity of the human heart, maintain normal osmotic pressure and the acid-base balance in the body. At the same time, salt is the carrier of salty taste and is used in condiments. The one who gets the most is known as the "ancestor (king) of all flavors". Adding salt not only increases the taste of dishes, but also promotes the secretion of gastric digestive juices and increases appetite.
Our country is rich in salt resources, with salt-producing areas all over the country and a large output. It can not only fully meet the needs of domestic people's lives, but also organize exports. The table salt produced in my country mainly includes sea salt, well salt, pool salt, mineral salt, etc.
According to different degrees of processing, table salt can be divided into raw salt (coarse salt), washing salt, and processed salt (refined salt). Raw salt is table salt crystals obtained directly from seawater and salt well water. In addition to sodium chloride, it also contains potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium sulfate, sodium sulfate and other impurities and a certain amount of water, so it has a bitter taste; washing salt is made from raw salt. (Mainly sea salt) products washed with saturated brine; the original salt is dissolved to make a saturated solution, and then evaporated after impurity removal treatment. The salt produced in this way is reprocessed salt. Reprocessed salt has fewer impurities and is of higher quality. High, with powdery grains and white color, it is mostly used for cooking in the catering industry. In addition, there is also artificially iodized reconstituted salt, which is used in some iodine-deficient areas for dietary purposes.
Nutritional analysis
1. Salt for seasoning can relieve greasiness and improve freshness, remove the fishy smell, and keep the original taste of food;
2. Salt water It has the functions of sterilization, preservation and antisepsis;
3. Used to clean wounds to prevent infection;
4. Sprinkled on food to keep it fresh for a short period of time, and used to pickle food to prevent deterioration. ;
5. Mixing water with salt can remove cutin and dirt on the skin surface, making the skin appear fresh, transparent and beautiful. It can promote the metabolism of the skin all over the body and prevent and treat certain skin diseases. Play a better role in self-care.
Relevant groups
The general population can consume it
Patients with high blood pressure, kidney disease, cataract patients, and children should not eat more, and those with edema should not eat it.
Food Compatibility
1. Avoid eating with mango to avoid inducing jaundice;
2. Sugar and garlic are generally not eaten with tonics.
Production Instructions
1. Since iodine, zinc, selenium and other nutrients are added to current table salt, it is best to add it before the dishes are ready to be cooked to prevent these nutrients from being heated. Evaporate;
2. Add less salt when making dishes such as chicken and fish, because they are rich in umami-flavored sodium glutamate and are somewhat salty;
< p>3. Add salt before cooking: that is, add salt before heating the raw materials. The purpose is to make the raw materials have a basic salty taste and shrink. When using cooking methods such as frying, popping, boiling, and stir-frying, it can be combined with Starch, paste, and add some salt. Because the main ingredients of this cooking method are wrapped in a layer of paste and the flavor cannot be absorbed, salt must be added before cooking. In addition, some dishes cannot be salted during the cooking process. For example, when steaming pork with lotus leaf powder, salt must be added before steaming. When grilling fish, in order to prevent the fish from breaking into pieces, it is also necessary to rub it with salt or soy sauce. However, this salting method requires less salt and the cooking time is shorter;4. Add salt during cooking: This is the most important method of adding salt. When using cooking techniques such as frying, roasting, boiling, stewing, simmering, and smoothing, salt must be added during cooking, and then It is to add salt when the dishes are about to mature, reducing the osmotic pressure of salt on the dishes, keeping the dishes tender and loose, and the nutrients are not lost;
5. Add salt after cooking: add salt after the heating is completed, and fry it. This is the main dish that is cooked. After frying, it is sprinkled with pepper, salt and other seasonings.
Therapeutic effects
Salt is salty in taste and cold in nature, and enters the stomach, kidney, large intestine, and small intestine meridians;
it has the functions of nourishing the heart, moistening dryness, purging heat and laxative. , detoxifies and induces vomiting, nourishes yin and cools blood, reduces swelling, relieves pain, and relieves itching;
It is mainly used to treat epigastrium due to food ingestion, abdominal distension and pain, phlegm in the chest, constipation, bleeding gums, sore throat, and toothache. , eye nebula, sores, poisonous insect stings and other symptoms.
Other related
In Greek mythology, laurel represents "the glory of Apollo". In the Roman period, people used laurel wreath crowns to wear on the heads of victors, so we often hear "poet's laurel crown", which refers to the crowning of victory. Laurel is said to have the ability to ward off evil spirits, so it is often used for decoration at Christmas. Bay leaves are often used in Western or Thai cuisine. Whether they are stews, soups, pickles, or tea, they have a unique and charming aroma.
Chemical terms
The product of the neutralization of acid and alkali, consisting of metal ions (including ammonium ions) and non-metal ions.
Chemical properties of salt
1. Acid + metal oxide → salt + water
Example: 2Fe2O3+6HCl====2FeCl3+3H2O
p>2. Acid + salt → new acid + new salt
Example: CaCO3+2HCl====CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑
3. Acid + activity Stronger metal → salt + hydrogen
Example: Fe+2HCl====FeCl2+H2
2. Chemical properties of alkali:
1 , Alkali + non-metal oxide → salt + water
Example: Ca(OH)2+CO2====CaCO3↓+H2O
2. Alkali + salt → new alkali +New salt
Example: Ca(OH)2+Na2CO3====2NaOH+CaCO3↓
3. Reaction of acid and alkali (neutralization reaction): acid + alkali →Salt + water
Example: NaOH+HCl====NaCl+H2O
IV. Chemical properties of salt:
1. Salt + activity Stronger metal → new salt + metal in original salt
Example: Fe+CuSO4====Cu+FeSO4
2. Salt + salt → two new salts
p>
Example: NaCl + AgNO3 == NaNO3 + AgCl↓
There are three types of salts in chemistry
Orthosalts: composed solely of metal ions (including ammonium ions) and Composed of non-metal ions
Acid salts: composed of metal ions (including ammonium ions), hydrogen ions and non-metal ions
Basic salts: composed of metal ions (including ammonium ions) ions), hydroxide ions and non-metal ions
Edible salt
Seven things to open the door: "firewood, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar, tea", indicating that salt is a necessity for people. Su Shi, a great writer of the Song Dynasty, wrote in a poem, "How can it be that you have forgotten the taste after hearing the Shao? You will eat no salt in the next three months." If you don't put some salt in the food when you eat, even the delicacies will be like chewing wax. Salt is not only an important condiment, but also an indispensable substance for maintaining normal development of the human body. It regulates the balanced distribution of water in the human body, maintains osmotic pressure inside and outside cells, participates in the formation of gastric acid, promotes the secretion of digestive juices, and increases appetite; at the same time, it also ensures the pH necessary for the action of pepsin and maintains the pH balance in the body , and normal circulation of body fluids. People cannot do without salt. Eating too little salt will also cause the sodium content in the body to be too low, resulting in loss of appetite, weakness in limbs, dizziness, etc. In severe cases, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, accelerated heart rate, weak pulse, etc. may also occur. Symptoms include muscle spasms, blurred vision, and weakened reflexes. In ancient times, countries such as the Netherlands and Sweden stipulated that those who violated criminal laws were not allowed to eat salt for a period of time as a punishment.
However, eating too much salt is also harmful to the human body. Scientists' research results show that salt can "hydrate" the human body, which means that salt has a certain adsorption force on water. If there is too much salt in the human body, the water requirement will also increase accordingly, causing excess water to remain in the body. This causes high blood pressure. Someone has investigated the eating habits of residents in northern Tokyo, Japan. They eat an average of 25 grams of salt a day, and people with high blood pressure account for 30 to 40% of all residents. In other areas of the world, they only eat 5 to 15 grams of salt a day. Only 8 to 10% suffer from high blood pressure; Eskimos living in the Arctic Circle eat less than 5 grams of salt per day, and almost none suffer from high blood pressure. Therefore, experts recommend that adults should not eat more than 12 grams of salt per day.
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Salt is not always better!
According to a study by the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research, at least 75,000 people in France suffer from cardiovascular disease every year due to excessive salt consumption, and 25,000 of them die from serious illness. This number is the highest in France. 4 times the number of fatalities in traffic accidents.
●Sodium is the culprit
The main component of salt is sodium chloride, and chlorine, sodium and potassium are the main components of human electrolytes. Sodium and potassium are like two evenly matched comrades who check and balance each other. Sodium is outside the cells and potassium is inside the cells. Both of them protect the balance of osmotic pressure, water and pH value inside and outside the cells of the body. Once the balance is broken and the sodium content increases, it will cause harm to the human body!
Halophilia leads to osteoporosis: Eating too much salt will not only kill people, but if they are addicted to food with strong taste, the "devil" in the salt will deplete the calcium in people's bones, and eventually people will suffer from bone loss. Loss of health and even life due to looseness.
The devil in salt is sodium, which accounts for about 40% of the main components of salt and is the killer of bone loss in the human body; nutrition experts say that sodium usually causes women to lose about 10% of their bone mass every year. One percent of women with high blood pressure lose bone mass at a much faster rate than women with normal blood pressure.
In addition, according to statistics from the American Osteoporosis Foundation, approximately 8 million women in the United States suffer from osteoporosis, and as many as 72,000 people die each year from osteoporosis-related hip fractures and other conditions. .
Strictly speaking, sodium itself is not useless. This mineral is needed for nerve message transmission and muscle contraction in the human body.
Without adequate supplementation, several functional problems can occur.
But the bad thing is that too much sodium is harmful rather than beneficial; generally speaking, the human kidneys excrete used sodium out of the body with urine every day, but for every 1,000 mg of sodium excreted, about It will also consume 26 mg of calcium at the same time. It seems to have no effect, but the more sodium the body needs to excrete, the greater the consumption of calcium, which will eventually affect the calcium necessary for healthy bones.
Salty cold: Many domestic and foreign experts believe that bad eating habits are closely related to colds. Excessive consumption of high-salt foods can lead to reduced saliva secretion, edema, congestion, and an increase in viruses in the oral mucosa, which can easily cause upper respiratory tract infections and eventually lead to colds. Eating too much high-sugar meals can deplete nutrients such as water and vitamins in the body, causing dryness of the mouth, low immunity, and triggering colds. Excessive consumption of high-fat foods, such as butter, meat, broth, etc., can reduce the anti-viral ability of the body's immune cells and easily cause colds. To prevent colds, you should stay away from the "three highs" diet that is high in salt, high in sugar, and high in fat.
Heavy tastes are prone to stomach problems: the gastric mucosa will secrete a layer of mucus to protect itself, but the mucus is afraid of salt. If you eat too salty, over time, the protective layer of the gastric mucosa will be gone. The sweet, sour, bitter and spicy tastes come straight to you. How can your delicate stomach bear it? In the long run, it can cause gastric ulcers, gastritis, and even gastric cancer.
More salt will lead to more wrinkles: There is a saying in France that "beautiful women are born in the mountains, not at the seaside." According to a French beautician, this is because women who live by the sea usually consume more salt. , so the skin is prone to wrinkles, which naturally affects the appearance. Women in mountainous areas eat less salt, and their skin is often smooth and delicate.
Why do we tend to get wrinkles if we eat too much salt? Experts on the website of the French National Academy of Medicine explain that table salt exists in human blood and body fluids in the form of sodium ions and chloride ions, and they play a very important role in maintaining the body's osmotic pressure, acid-base balance, and water balance. If you eat too much salt, the sodium ions in your body will increase, which will cause facial cells to lose water, causing skin aging. Over time, wrinkles will increase.
Medical experts remind everyone that eating too much salt will not only cause high blood pressure, but also directly affect a person's appearance. If you want good skin, the more scientific way is to drink more water to help the skin detoxify.
●Where does sodium come from
According to senior nutritionist Wu Na, the salt people add when cooking only accounts for one-fifth of the total sodium intake in a day. The other fifth comes from natural foods, especially offal and shellfish. Vegetables, grains and fruits are generally low in sodium. The rest comes from processed foods such as canned food, instant noodles, and cured products such as sausages and ham. In addition, various condiments such as MSG, soy sauce, black vinegar and concentrated condiments with various names contain salt.
Wuna said that because sodium can be obtained from natural foods, most people are unlikely to be deficient. Sodium deficiency only occurs when you exercise or work a lot and sweat a lot. Fatigue, weakness, and even confusion can occur when you are deficient in sodium. On the contrary, excessive sodium intake is a problem worth worrying about for modern people. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that adults eat 6 grams (about 2,400 mg of sodium) of salt per day.
●Resist the temptation of salt
In order to be healthy, you must start from every aspect of life and resist the temptation of salt.
1. For people who are used to heavy tastes, reducing salt content all at once may cause taste discomfort due to long-term stimulation of taste buds. In order to avoid affecting appetite, you can use onions, ginger, garlic, nine-layered pagoda and other spices to enhance the flavor when cooking. This will eliminate the short-term discomfort and naturally develop the habit of using less salt over time.
2. Use low-sodium salt when cooking. Low-sodium salt mainly halve the sodium ions in the salt and replace it with potassium ions. There will not be much difference in taste. However, the increased potassium can lower blood pressure, protect blood vessel walls, and reduce strokes and heart disease. danger. Only patients with poor kidney function, uremia, and patients taking potassium-sparing diuretics must not eat low-sodium salt. Because the potassium content in low-sodium salts is high, it will accumulate in the patient's body and cannot be excreted smoothly, which can easily lead to the risk of hyperkalemia, arrhythmia, and heart failure.
3. Eat more fruits: Most fruits are high-potassium and low-sodium foods, such as bananas, grapes, raisins, oranges, apples, star fruits, guava, dates, etc., which are rich in potassium ions. foods to achieve the health care effect of controlling blood pressure.
4. You must check first when buying seasonings (sauce) such as MSG, ketchup, garlic salt, sand tea sauce, oyster sauce, miso, mustard sauce, bean paste, sweet noodle sauce, black bean sauce, and shrimp oil Read the label on the outside of the can and pay attention to the sodium content, or avoid items with high salt content, such as pickles, cured meats, salted fish, bacon and canned foods.
5. Eat less pickled products and less instant noodles: A 99-gram ordinary cup of noodles contains 7.8 grams of salt, and a pack of hot sauce noodles has more than 6 grams (labeled sodium content is 2500 mg). , a day's worth of salt is easily exceeded.
6. It is healthier to make your own food. Restaurants often use high salt, MSG and other seasonings, so you should try to avoid eating out.
7. Use cooking methods that can easily maintain the original taste of food: such as frying, roasting, steaming, stewing, etc., so that the true taste of food can be tasted.
8. Make use of the strong flavor of vegetables: such as green peppers, tomatoes, onions, mushrooms, etc., and cook them with light-flavored foods, such as tomato scrambled eggs.
9. The aroma of oil causes appetite: Use the oil aroma produced by sautéing onions, ginger, garlic, etc. in oil to increase the palatability of food, such as scallion oil chicken.
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Performance is salty and mild in nature. Returns to the stomach and kidney meridians. It can season and neutralize, nourish the kidneys and moisturize dryness.
Application
1. Lack of salt in the body after sweating, vomiting or diarrhea, nausea after eating less, fatigue and dizziness. You can mix this product with sugar and dissolve it with boiling water.
2. Used for kidney yin deficiency or kidney yang deficiency. It is recommended to use this product to dissolve water and take kidney-tonifying medicine (such as Liuwei Dihuang Pills, Shenqi Pills, etc.).
3. Used for yin deficiency and excessive fire, dry and constipated stools. You can take boiled water with light salt on an empty stomach.
Usage: Make condiment and drink with water.
Pay attention to those with wheezing, coughing, edema, and thirst. Salt is a taboo ("Compendium of Materia Medica"). Patients with hypertension should also control their salt intake.
Eat salt scientifically
As the saying goes, "The south is sweet and the north is salty." Northerners eating too much salt is something that cannot be ignored. Excessive salt intake can easily cause high blood pressure. and other common diseases. So how to eat salt scientifically?
Salt is an essential condiment in the human diet. The main component contained in it, sodium ions, is an essential element in the human metabolism process. However, medical science has confirmed that consuming more than 6-7 grams of salt per day will lead to the occurrence of high blood pressure.
When we buy edible salt, we should choose fine edible salt produced by regular merchants, because fine salt is refined using advanced salt-making technology through dissolution, brine clarification, evaporation, drying and other processes. It reduces the content of chemical substances such as magnesium, tungsten, and sulfate ions that are harmful to human health, and reduces impurities such as sediment. It has the characteristics of high sodium chloride content, whiteness, dryness, hygiene, and not easy to dissolve after being left for a long time.
Currently, there are many health-care salts on the market, such as low-sodium, high-potassium, selenium-enriched, and iodized. Health-care salt is a better type of edible salt.
Because potassium has the function of maintaining water balance in the body, maintaining osmotic pressure and acid-base balance in the body, it can prevent stroke attacks. Selenium has obvious resistance to the toxicity of metal cadmium, mercury and arsenic. It can prevent the increase in blood pressure and thrombosis in cardiovascular diseases, and has a certain health care effect on the heart. Potassium deficiency can cause hypothyroidism and enlargement, decrease in basal metabolic rate and vitality, and endemic goiter. Excessive iodine can also cause goiter and symptoms of poisoning.
The World Health Organization stipulates that adults’ daily sodium intake should not exceed 6 grams, but salt intake is often determined by taste, flavor and eating habits. Our country's salt intake has exceeded normal physiological needs by 10-25 times. A normal person's daily intake of 35-40 grams of salt will cause acute poisoning and edema. In daily life, you should develop good eating habits, eat more light meals, eat no or less salted foods, change cooking methods, reduce the intake of salt-seasoned foods, and control salt intake below 6 grams per day. . If conditions permit, you can choose low-sodium, high-potassium, selenium-rich, or iodized health salt. If you stick to it for a long time, it will be beneficial to your health.
Use salt skillfully: 1. Fish frozen in salt water will not dry out
2. Use salt to wash vegetables and clean them
3. Salt can restore the yellow leaves of vegetables
4. Salt should be added to cold tomatoes
Chemical terms
The product of the neutralization of acid and alkali, consisting of metal ions (including ammonium ions) and non-metals Ionic composition.
Chemical properties of salt
1. Acid + metal oxide → salt + water
Example: 2Fe2O3+6HCl====2FeCl3+3H2O
p>2. Acid + salt → new acid + new salt
Example: CaCO3+2HCl====CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑
3. Acid + activity Stronger metal → salt + hydrogen
Example: Fe+2HCl====FeCl2+H2
2. Chemical properties of alkali:
1 , Alkali + non-metal oxide → salt + water
Example: Ca(OH)2+CO2====CaCO3↓+H2O
2. Alkali + salt → new alkali +New salt
Example: Ca(OH)2+Na2CO3====2NaOH+CaCO3↓
3. Reaction of acid and alkali (neutralization reaction): acid + alkali →Salt + water
Example: NaOH+HCl====NaCl+H2O
IV. Chemical properties of salt:
1. Salt + activity Stronger metal → new salt + metal in original salt
Example: Fe+CuSO4====Cu+FeSO4
2. Salt + salt → two new salts
p>
Example: NaCl + AgNO3 == NaNO3 + AgCl↓
Salt is also a lucky thing
Salt can prevent meat and other items from rotting, and therefore becomes immortal Synonymous with eternity. Sprinkling salt is believed to ward off the devil and protect people from Shanghai. Among the four gifts given to newborns by Russians is salt to help babies ward off evil spirits. The Uighurs in China even regard salt as a living thing. They believe that salt has supernatural powers and can affect people's destiny.
In addition, salt also has a special purpose, which is to melt snow and play an anti-slip role in rainy and snowy weather.