1. Appreciation of spring ancient poems
early spring
Bai Yuchan [Song Dynasty]
Just put two or three flowers in the south branch and sing incense in the snow to get some powder.
Light smoke thick moon, deep water shallow sand.
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This poem sings early spring through plum blossoms, because plum blossoms bloom the earliest in spring. It is still early to write plum blossom in the first sentence. "South branch", because it faces the sun, the plum blossoms on the south branch bloom first. "Only put", just opened, also means that bloom is early. "Two or three", only two or three blooms, or that one blooms early.
Write flowers and colors in the second sentence. In the Snow still shows that it blooms early, because spring has arrived, and it won't snow any later. "Singing incense to make powder" means that the poet carefully recites and appreciates the fragrance of plum blossoms and the shapes and colors of stamens and petals in the snow. These four words obviously adopt intertextual rhetoric. "You" has no practical significance, but it plays a rhyming role.
The last two sentences describe the open environment of plum blossom. They obviously used the famous phrase "The smoke cage is cold and the moon is full of sand" in Bo Qinhuai written by Du Mu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, to create a hazy beauty, and at the same time to connect flowers, snow, smoke, moon, water and sand. Poets not only appreciate plum blossoms, but also appreciate the poetic environment around them. In other words, when a poet appreciates plum blossoms in a poetic environment, he will naturally have a different taste. These two sentences have also put a lot of effort into the antithesis. Not only the three or four sentences are perfectly aligned, but also the form of each sentence is just right, which enhances the sense of rhythm of the poem.
Song Taoyue's Supplement to the History of the Five Dynasties tells the story of a poet: "When Zheng Gu was in Yuanzhou, Miracle paid tribute to his poems. There is a poem called "Early Plum", which reads:' Zita Law Qiancun, how many branches opened last night.' Gu smiled and said,' It's not too early, but one is better. Miracle, on the other hand, unconsciously wore three clothes and kowtowed to the ground. Naturally, scholars regard the valley as Miracle's teacher. "From the perspective of emphasizing" early ",Zheng Gu is undoubtedly correct, but it does not necessarily conform to the actual situation. From the point of view of appreciating plum blossoms, "only two or three branches are planted in the south" not only emphasizes "early", but also has more ornamental value and is more in line with the actual situation, so this poem also has its own vitality.
2. Appreciation of Spring Ancient Poetry Selection
spring outing
Mausoleum [Song Dynasty]
Children in Spring City went for a spring outing and went upstairs drunk and laughing.
How much meaning do you have in your eyes? Why don't you understand your spring worries?
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This poem describes the happy scene of a spring outing and expresses the poet's unique sadness caused by the spring outing. The first two sentences describe the joyful scene of children's spring outing in Spring City, while the last two sentences describe the poet's sorrow for the infinite treasure of spring. The language is plain, but it can convey meaningful feelings.
"The children of Spring City have a spring outing, and they are drunk upstairs." Write about the scenery of spring outing. Wang Ling lives in Yangzhou, which is a prosperous place. In Yangzhou in spring, the spring is beautiful and the spring is warm in bloom. Du Mu has a poem "Ten Miles to Yangzhou Road", and Han has a sentence "Spring City is full of flowers". The poem begins with "Spring City" and ends with "Spring Tour", with infinite scenery in one word "vertical". The specific meaning of "vertical", and then "drunken laughter upstairs" began a lively picture of children in Spring City indulging in spring outing in bright spring. At this time, Chun Qing gradually stepped onto the stage and leaned against the tall buildings. This kind of scenery is very intoxicating. The word "drunk" can be understood as the result of drinking spring wine, and it can also be understood that spring breeze turns people into people, and spring scenery makes people drunk. Exactly: Mo Wen, Chun Qing, somewhat, but it is intoxicating to see Chun Qing.
"How much meaning is there in your eyes? Why is there no solution to spring? " As soon as the poet turns his pen, from the spring flowers in the city to the flowers in his eyes, the sentimental meaning suddenly strikes, which is hard to prevent. These fallen flowers have not been destroyed by wind and rain, so there is no hatred of Su Shi that the West Garden is too red to decorate. Not because of the late spring, there is no resentment against Cao Xueqin for "marrying Dong Fengchun, leaving her alone and enduring humiliation for a long time". Flowers fall here, in the prosperous season, in the heyday of spring. I am dying alone, everyone is happy, and I am sad alone. The poet' steals poverty and is arrogant, and refuses to accept the world. It reveals the desire to look at the hills and welcome the ancient and modern "("Xie Jianli "), which is empty and negative, but the world is incompatible. The tomb was less than 30 years old when he died, and he was only in his twenties when he wrote this poem. It is no accident that he was so sad and depressed. The sentence "How many flowers are full of eyes, how can I solve my worries about spring?" is unremarkable, without any strange words, unlike the strange body of the poem "The old mountain wind is old and crazy, and the lake is frozen and thin" in the rockery. But the intention is different and organic, so it can also convey a meaningful feeling.
3. Appreciation of Spring Ancient Poetry Selection
Nanhu early spring
Bai Juyi [Tang Dynasty]
The clouds have gone, the wind and rain have stopped, the weather is just right, and the sun shines on the lake to form a reflection, which has a warm feeling.
Wild apricots everywhere, broken red spots; The floating water on the lake looks like a neat lawn at first sight.
The rain on Bai Yan dried up, his wings became heavy and he had to fly low; The oriole's tongue is quite stiff.
It's not that the spring in Jiangnan is not good, but that I'm one year old, and my mood has also decreased.
Distinguish and appreciate
The first six sentences of Early Spring in South Lake describe the beautiful scenery in early spring in South Lake, while the last two sentences show the author's depressed mood after being relegated.
The works highlight several images with the most early spring characteristics, such as the spring rain in Chu Qing, the sunshine is shining, apricot blossoms are in full bloom, water apples compete for green, white geese fly low, and orioles are dumb. Just after the heavy rain, the ground and the lake were washed away by the rain, adding a fresh charm. In early spring, the cold air remains and the sun shines again, which not only has beautiful scenery, but also has a warm and lively feeling; Apricot blossoms, water apples, prosperity, red-green contrast and bright color contrast are the most distinctive scenery in early spring and an indispensable ornament in this painting. Apricots are scattered all over the mountain, red dots are broken, and there is no order at all, which shows the vibrant state of nature, so it is pointed out with the word "chaos"; The apples on the lake are endless, just like a green lawn neatly spread on the water, so it is said to be "tiled". The word "flat" has two functions: one is to describe the neatness of water apples; Second, it is used with the word "Pu", which means flat, wide and boundless, making people want to see the vastness of the lake and the lush water apples. The descriptions of clouds, rain, sunshine, apricots and apples in the four sentences appropriately reflect the symptoms of early spring. However, if all this is done, it seems that there are some fly in the ointment, animals that are already lacking in vitality. Five or six sentences "the low-winged white goose is still heavy, and the tongue of the oriole is unsuccessful" just make up for this shortcoming. Because of the wet rain, the white goose with heavy wings had to fly at low altitude; Similarly, due to the rain, the oriole's tongue is quite rough. However, one of them danced in spite of the wet rain, and the other couldn't help singing and screaming despite his tongue. There is only one reason, that is, this newly arrived spring is so wonderful and charming. Their dancing and singing added to the charm and charm of early spring.
The predecessor's cloud "portraying early spring with color, and being especially alert in the abdomen" (Volume 23 of Poetry and Wine in Tang and Song Dynasties) just points out the triple key role. With this connection, a picture of "South Lake in Early Spring" was published. The last two sentences of this poem express the author's depressed mood. In the face of such a wonderful spring, the poet still lacks interest and mood, and there must be great hidden pain in his heart. At this time, the country is declining at home and abroad, but the poet can only watch and do nothing. For an exiled petty official, it is useless even if he has talent and good strategies. How can a poet who cares about his country and people and is in poor health be interested in enjoying the wonderful spring scenery? At the same time, the more beautiful the spring, the more lovely the country's rivers and mountains, and the more people worry about the terrible consequences of broken mountains and rivers and national destruction. Therefore, "it is a helpless sigh for a poet who cares about his country and people to think about the future before the refreshing early spring scenery."
It is early spring, and the scene is different from other seasons, and it is also different from mid-spring and late spring. The poet chose a specific angle of rain and sunny days in the evening to reflect the lake, focusing on apricot trees, water apples, white geese, orioles and other scenery with Jiangnan customs, vividly depicting the charm of South Lake in early spring. It's still early in the season, the earth has just awakened, the apricot blossoms have just begun to bloom, and bloom has not gained much, so it is called "broken red", while the "disorderly spot" vividly depicts the apricot blossoms as a free, open and dotted appearance. Chaos is not a mess, but a natural one. When the poet wrote about the spring scenery of the West Lake, he also said that "the flowers are getting more and more colorful" ("Qiantang Spring Tour") and "the peaks around the horizon" ("Spring Lake") all showed natural interest from chaos without artificial kneading. Water apples are new, leaves are flat on the water, and "flat" and "chaos" complement each other, showing people the infinite vitality of spring, only in water towns; Seeing this kind of scenery will only make people feel that with the passage of the season, the spring scenery will become stronger and will continue to stretch and expand on the lake. After writing a seemingly still scene, the poet turned to describing the sounds of geese and warblers on the lake. Static and dynamic, scenery and sound set each other off. Just after the severe winter, the geese have not recovered from the lazy state in winter and are not good at flying high. It flies slowly and low on the lake. The poet vividly expressed his laziness and clumsiness with the word "heavy". After a whole winter's imprisonment, it is inevitable that oriole will be tongue-tied and unable to sing tactfully when she first shows her voice. The low wings of the white goose and the astringent tongue of the oriole have their own characteristics and are very interesting in early spring. They not only make the picture described by the poet full of vitality, but also have sound, which also makes people feel that they will fly high and relax their throats soon. An early spring picture full of hope and vitality is presented to readers.
Bai Juyi advocated that "articles should be written in time, songs and poems should be written for things" and opposed the difficulty and obscurity of poems. His poet recited these poems and spread them all over the world. The so-called "the boy can solve the song of eternal regret, and Hull can sing the pipa" is inseparable from his easy-to-understand poems. If we think that Bai Juyi does not pay attention to the scrutiny and exercise of poetry, it is quite different from his creative practice. Sometimes his works are too natural for people to easily perceive his painstaking creation. This poem "Early Spring in South Lake" shows the skill and ingenuity of his poetry creation.
The poet chose the unique angle of Chu Qing after the rain, which was concise and lively. When he started writing, he painted a fresh picture of Ming Che: the warm wind blew back, the clouds cleared and the rain stopped. What is particularly gratifying is that the sunlight reflected back to the lake, and everything seemed warm and bright, implying the poet's mood. How many things are contained in the first two sentences of fourteen words, and their characteristics can be described vividly. After the poet gently unfolded the poetic scene, he skillfully touched the scenery on the lake. When apricots first appeared, the poet saw their natural feelings with chaos, and the apple leaves were reborn. It is very interesting that the poet uses "tiling" to express its growth scene. "Chaos" and "tiling" also make the originally static things dynamic, which makes people seem to see the growing power of spring. At present, it is generally said that Huang Li's words are not finished, and the "flying is still heavy" of White Goose is a poet's creation. The word "heavy" vividly draws the modal that white geese can't fly high in early spring. I don't know how many times the poet thought about it before he finally chose the word "heavy" that was convincing enough to make the white goose bow to his knees. Bai Yan's "flying is still heavy" is understandable, while the "silence" in the Huangli calendar can hardly be expressed in paintings, but it can be circulated in poems. The spring is beautiful, and the poet does not forget to paint when drawing. The "broken red" and "new green" of apricot and apple complement each other, and the white goose and oriole add color to the spring scenery, which also makes the picture dynamic and sound. The early spring of Poyang described by the poet is dynamic, quiet, vivid and colorful, with vision, hearing and touch, which gives people an all-round overall feeling and makes people see colorful and interesting spring pictures, which is also inseparable from the poet's exercise of poetic language and careful consideration of sketch layout.
After all, the choice of scenery and the use of language belong to external and superficial things. It is not difficult to find that this poem "Early Spring in South Lake" can be described as "all scenery words are sentimental words", and the poet's spirit and emotion are actually infused in the scenery described. The wind goes to the clouds, the rain stays fine, everything is so natural and comfortable, and the wind can also blow away the shadows in people's hearts, making people feel like a lake in the sunset, and suddenly it is clear. The quiet colors on the lake give people a warm feeling, and apricot trees and apples also show people the infinite vitality of spring. In this early spring season, poets should also feel the hope and warmth of spring. This poem was written when the poet lived in Jiangzhou. Not long before this, the poet had just experienced great pain and frustration on his life path. In the summer of 8 15 (the tenth year of Yuanhe), Prime Minister Wu was murdered. Faithful and reluctant, Bai Juyi asked the court to arrest the murderer and wash away the national humiliation. Instead, he was falsely accused by his political opponents of exceeding his authority, so he was demoted to Jiangzhou in autumn. Now that winter has gone and spring has come, the trauma is gradually recovering. The spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River surprised and pleased him. But the clouds in my heart have not dispersed after all. White geese that can't fly and orioles that can't learn English all have their own shadows. He pinned his feelings on them. Seeing the exile in the capital in the spring, the poet's mood is complicated, and it is difficult to completely get rid of the sadness accumulated in his original heart. Throughout the poem, the poet's love for spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River is sincere and can't be concealed. Although I lament that "I get sick every year, my mood decreases", with the deepening of spring, my mood will become more and more cheerful.
4. Appreciation of Spring Ancient Poetry Selection
Jiangnanchun
Du Mu [Tang Dynasty]
Jiangnan, the sound of green and red bloom, the waterside village in the foothills.
More than 480 ancient temples were left in the Southern Dynasties, and countless pagodas were shrouded in wind and rain.
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This song "Jiangnan Spring" has enjoyed a high reputation for thousands of years. The poem not only depicts the beautiful spring scenery in Jiangnan, but also reproduces the vast balcony scenery in Jiangnan, making the scenery in Jiangnan more magical and confusing. Charming Jiangnan, moved by the poet's brilliant pen, is even more exciting. The four sentences in this poem are all landscape words. There are many images and scenery, including plants and animals, which are vivid and colorful, and the scenery is also far and near, combining dynamic and static, and each has its own characteristics. With light words and extremely general language, the whole poem depicts a vivid, colorful and verve picture of spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, presenting a profound and beautiful artistic conception and expressing a series of subtle and profound feelings, which has enjoyed a high reputation for thousands of years.
The first sentence is "thousands of miles of warblers sing green and reflect red". At the beginning of the poem, the poet opened his eyes and imagined the whole land of Jiangnan from the spring scenery in front of him. Thousands of miles south of the Yangtze River, singing and dancing everywhere, pink and green, a scene full of spring. In writing, the poet first used the technique of contrast, matching "red flowers" with "green leaves" and using the word "ying" to highlight the colorful scene of "spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River" from a perspective. At the same time, the poet also showed the lively scene of singing and dancing in Jiangnan in spring from the perspective of sound and hearing. The "a thousand miles" in the poem is wonderful and weighty, which not only expands the aesthetic realm of the poem in space, but also lays the foundation for the later description.
The second sentence is "Mountain Guo Wine Flag Wind". "Mountain Country" Mountain City. Refers to a city built at the foot of a mountain. "Wine flag" refers to the cover hanging outside the ancient hotel. The meaning of this sentence is that in the village near the water and on the battlements near the mountains, there are wine flags fluttering in the wind everywhere. Here, the poet uses Li Jin's rhetoric to describe the objects that come into view-water towns, mangoes and wine flags. From large to small, these images not only show a certain spatial position, but also highlight the unique architectural characteristics of Jiangnan, where the "village" and "country" are surrounded by mountains and rivers. In particular, the word "wind" not only adds to the movement of poetry, but also highlights the "wine flag" better, thus adding to the cultural connotation and humanistic atmosphere of poetry.
The third sentence, "480 halls in the Southern Dynasties", refers to the four dynasties of Song, Qi, Liang and Chen after the Eastern Jin Dynasty and before the Sui Dynasty, all of which were based in Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province), which was called the Southern Dynasties in history. "Four hundred and eighty temples" describes many Buddhist temples. Because Buddhism was very popular in the Southern Dynasties, many temples were built. This means that the Southern Dynasties left more than 480 ancient temples. Here, the poet focuses on the "temple" around the "water town, mountain fruit and wine flag style", broadens the imagination space, and traces his thinking back to the "Southern Dynasties", thus enhancing the historical and cultural connotation of poetry and the aesthetic realm of poetry. At the same time, the poet refers to Buddhism with "temple" and modifies it with imaginary number "480", which not only enriches the poetic image, but also takes care of the "thousands of miles" in the first sentence. More importantly, it shows the prevalence of Buddhism in the Southern Dynasties and lays the foundation for the lyricism of the following sentences.
The fourth sentence is "How many towers are misty and rainy". "misty rain" is a drizzle. Countless towers are shrouded in wind, smoke and rain. Here, the poet did not use "temple", but changed it to "balcony", not only to avoid repetition of words, but also to adapt to such an environment as "misty rain". Here, through the combination of reality and reality, the poet is faced with a history, and his heart is full of emotions-history is always developing and changing, and the replacement of dynasties is inevitable. Here, the poet appreciates the natural beauty of Jiangnan spring from an aesthetic point of view; The poet realized the aesthetic significance of history and culture through deep thinking and crossing time and space.
Du Mu is especially good at depicting beautiful and moving pictures with just four sentences and twenty-eight characters, presenting profound and beautiful artistic conception, expressing implicit and profound feelings, and giving people the enjoyment of beauty and the enlightenment of thinking. "Jiangnan Spring" reflects that the aesthetics in China's poems and paintings are beyond time and space, indifferent and free and easy, with the thought of "epiphany" of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and more poetic feelings of nostalgia, seclusion and freehand brushwork.
Appreciate differences
Regarding the theme of the quatrains in Jiangnan Spring, there are different opinions on whether to use the ancient to satirize the present.
Some researchers put forward the "Irony Theory", arguing that the emperors of China's Southern Dynasties worshipped Buddhism, and that Buddhism in Du Mu's era was also a vicious development, while Du Mu had anti-Buddhism thoughts, so the last two sentences were ironic. Or think that the main idea is to respect Confucianism and exclude Buddhism, and express concern about the rulers' mismanagement of the country and the mistakes of Buddhism and Taoism; Or that the main idea is to satirize the present by borrowing from the past, satirizing the rulers' excessive construction of Buddhist temples will lead to weak national strength, depressed people's livelihood and aggravate social crisis. They think that the poets in the late Tang Dynasty have a feeling of worrying about the country and the people, and there is no lack of irony in aesthetics, and the connotation of poetry is richer.
Some researchers disagree. They just think that this poem only depicts the beautiful scenery of Jiangnan and shows the poet's praise and yearning for the scenery of Jiangnan. To understand poetry, we should first start with the artistic image, and should not make abstract inferences. Du Mu's opposition to Buddhism does not mean that he must hate the Buddhist temple architecture left over from history. In Xuanzhou, he often goes to Kaiyuan Temple and other places to play. I have also been to some temples in Chizhou and made friends with monks. His poems, such as Cloud Temple in Jiuhuashan Road, Liu Fuqiao in Qingyi River, Wandering in Autumn Mountain and Spring Rain, and Dumping in Temple Buildings in the South of the Yangtze River, all show that he still appreciates the balcony of Buddhist temples.
5. Appreciation of Spring Ancient Poetry Selection
early spring
Bai Yuchan [Song Dynasty]
Just put two or three flowers in the south branch and sing incense in the snow to get some powder.
Light smoke thick moon, deep water shallow sand.
Make an appreciative comment
This poem sings early spring through plum blossoms, because plum blossoms bloom the earliest in spring. It is still early to write plum blossom in the first sentence. "South branch", because it faces the sun, the plum blossoms on the south branch bloom first. "Only put", just opened, also means that bloom is early. "Two or three", only two or three blooms, or that one blooms early.
Write flowers and colors in the second sentence. In the Snow still shows that it blooms early, because spring has arrived, and it won't snow any later. "Singing incense to make powder" means that the poet carefully recites and appreciates the fragrance of plum blossoms and the shapes and colors of stamens and petals in the snow. These four words obviously adopt intertextual rhetoric. "You" has no practical significance, but it plays a rhyming role.
The last two sentences describe the open environment of plum blossom. They obviously used the famous phrase "The smoke cage is cold and the moon is full of sand" in Bo Qinhuai written by Du Mu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, to create a hazy beauty, and at the same time to connect flowers, snow, smoke, moon, water and sand. Poets not only appreciate plum blossoms, but also appreciate the poetic environment around them. In other words, when a poet appreciates plum blossoms in a poetic environment, he will naturally have a different taste. These two sentences have also put a lot of effort into the antithesis. Not only the three or four sentences are perfectly aligned, but also the form of each sentence is just right, which enhances the sense of rhythm of the poem.
Song Taoyue's Supplement to the History of the Five Dynasties tells the story of a poet: "When Zheng Gu was in Yuanzhou, Miracle paid tribute to his poems. There is a poem called "Early Plum", which reads:' Zita Law Qiancun, how many branches opened last night.' Gu smiled and said,' It's not too early, but one is better. Miracle, on the other hand, unconsciously wore three clothes and kowtowed to the ground. Naturally, scholars regard the valley as Miracle's teacher. "From the perspective of emphasizing" early ",Zheng Gu is undoubtedly correct, but it does not necessarily conform to the actual situation. From the point of view of appreciating plum blossoms, "only two or three branches are planted in the south" not only emphasizes "early", but also has more ornamental value and is more in line with the actual situation, so this poem also has its own vitality.