Song Renzong 1
Song Renzong Zhao was the sixth son of Song Zhenzong and the fourth emperor of the Song Dynasty. He ascended the throne at the age of thirteen and reigned for forty-two years. He is generous and kind by nature, and forgives the world with benevolence. Under his rule, the style of writing in the Song Dynasty was at its peak, and there were many talented people. Almost all famous ministers were born in this period. Therefore, the history of Song Dynasty called it "the policy of loyalty to the monarch, which has been the foundation of cultivating Song San for more than a hundred years". In addition, it is said that during the Jingkang period at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, after occupying the Central Plains, Nomads dug up the imperial tombs and plundered rare treasures, but they did not attack the Yongzhaoling in Song Renzong.
Renzong period was the overall situation of Song Renzong's governance of the country, even far exceeding the Wenjing period in the Han Dynasty and Zhenguan period in the Tang Dynasty. The economy, science and technology, culture, education, military and other aspects of the Song Dynasty reached their peak in the Song Renzong period.
In the Song Dynasty, the four seas were peaceful, there was no wind in eight droughts, scholars were happy and hardworking, and civil servants were loyal. Moreover, Emperor Injong was generous, not extravagant, and could restrain himself. It was praised by later generations as "the wise man has Tang Yu's world, the sun and the moon are selfless" and praised by historians and politicians of past dynasties!
Zhao of Song Renzong was the longest reigning emperor in the Northern Song Dynasty, and he reigned for 42 years, reaching the peak of social economy and culture in the Northern Song Dynasty and even in the feudal dynasty of China. Because he changed the Yuan Dynasty many times, later generations called this whole period "the rule of Ren Zongsheng". Compared with the powerful Han Dynasty and the prosperous Tang Dynasty, this enlightened rule left a unique mark on Zhao Zhen. In addition, Zhao Zhen was a teenager when he ascended the throne, and only after he became a weak official did he truly realize the unparalleled "Renzong era" different from the prosperous times of the strong Han Dynasty!
Renzong is famous for his kindness. For example, one year after the earthquake in Shi Jing, there was a plague. He ordered the only two rhinoceros horns in the palace to be broken and ground into powder for people to eat. The minister advised him not to say that it was the emperor's favorite treasure. How can it be broken for the people below? Zhao Zhen said that my people are in disaster. What is the use of my baby?
Renzong's pragmatic style is also praised by later generations. He took the lead in breaking the boundary between the "square" where people live and the "city" where they trade, making Kaifeng, Tokyo the first city in the world. On the question of which is more important, people's livelihood or imperial power, he and his ministers not only agreed on the unification of houses and cities, but also abolished the curfew system, gradually forming night markets and small markets. A fire watch building and a fire brigade were set up in the capital. When Bao Zheng was in charge of Kaifeng, he personally dealt with the phenomenon that powerful people built indiscriminately in the river. In addition, in the Qingli New Deal, he firmly supported the reform plans of Fan Zhongyan, Fu Bi, Han Qi and others, such as "public appeal, restraining transportation, respecting tribute, selecting officials, dividing public land, cultivating agriculture and mulberry, repairing military equipment, reducing corvee, loyal to Qin Enxin and re-ordering", and successively promulgated and implemented them in the form of imperial edicts throughout the country. Later, although Fan Zhongyan, Fu Bi and others were removed from Beijing because of the obstruction of the old school, Emperor Injong did not stop the reform, but re-enabled Wen Yanbo who could abide by the imperial edict and pushed Wang Anshi to the center of political rights with a more pragmatic attitude.
"Imperial edict of Renzong" is mainly manifested in:
Population and finance and taxation are comparable to Han and Tang dynasties. In the eighth year of Jiayou, the national population reached 6.5438+0.246 million, and Dingmen was 26.42 million. In 42 years, the national population increased by 3.79 million, equivalent to the total number of households during the Zhenguan period of Emperor Taizong. Due to the government's policy of "storing wealth in counties and cultivating roots in fields", the national tax revenue increased to more than 36.8 million during Jiayou period, four times that of the Tang Dynasty. In addition, the people's country's tax on imperial grain is not a dime a dozen.
Renzong attaches great importance to the cultivation and selection of talents. He named Confucius the Duke of Feast and encouraged all counties to set up schools. There used to be many sages and gentlemen. Kou Zhun, Wang Zeng, Yan Shu and Lu Zongdao, as well as Fan Zhongyan, Bao Zheng, Fu Bi, Di Qing, Ouyang Xiu and Wang Anshi, as well as "Su San", Shen Kuo and Mi Fei who were promoted or admitted to the imperial examination by Ren Zongchao, are outstanding figures and models of scholars in history.
Culture has achieved prosperity. Among the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties" circulating all over the world, except Han and Liu in Tang Dynasty, the other six were active in Renzong period. As the end of poetry, Song Ci was highly praised by a large number of poets, such as Yan Shu, Liu Yong, Fan Zhongyan and Su Shi, which established the leading position of Song Ci in the history of China literature. In addition, literary forms such as storytelling, novels and zaju have also sprouted and developed.
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In terms of science and technology, three of China's four great inventions were applied in Renzong Dynasty and transformed into productive forces. The invention of gunpowder promoted the revolution of rockets, muskets, artillery, mines, fireballs and other weapons, and played a role in the war against Xixia. Compasses began to be used for navigation, which made the Song Dynasty have the largest sailing fleet in the world at that time. After the advent of movable type printing in Bi Sheng, a large number of ancient books and records of the Song Dynasty were preserved. There is also the acupuncture bronze man invented by Wang, which perfected the acupuncture system of traditional Chinese medicine. The imperial court issued the world's first paper money "Guanjiaozi", and its contribution to the world economic and financial history cannot be underestimated.
There are many schools of philosophy, which have laid a solid foundation for modern Chinese studies. The proposition of "natural justice" put forward by Cheng Er brought a breeze to the dull philosophical circle, and also provided theoretical support for why Zhao and Song Dynasties were subject to Zhou Chan and established the feudal ruling order. Wang Anshi put forward the theory of practical learning, trained a large number of students, provided theoretical guidance for his later political reform and reserved cadres.
Evaluation:
At that time, people praised Ren Zongsheng Zhi in this way: "Forty-two years here can be described as the great governance of the home country. I don't want to go into details before stealing Huang Xi. Since "Poetry" and "Book", there is no such thing. "
The novel Dongpo Poetry written anonymously in the Qing Dynasty describes Renzong's rule in this way: "In the heyday of the Song Dynasty, Renzong was the emperor of the world. This generation of kings, humble and inaction, tolerant and wise, all over the world, eight barren and calm, scholars, farmers, businessmen and people, civil and military loyalty. The truth is: saints have the way of Tang Shiyu, and the sun and the moon are selfless. " At the same time, it also represents the position of "benevolent government" in the minds of the people for hundreds of years.
Qu You, a writer in the Ming Dynasty, said in the poem "Returning to the Field": Song Renzong reigned for forty-two years, and the people enjoyed prosperity and the world was ruled. When Zhao Ling was buried, the person who wrote the poem said, "Agriculture and mulberry don't disturb people who are always on the mountain, and there is nothing the officials on the sidelines can do. Forty-two years is like a dream, and the spring breeze blows tears and sprinkles Zhaoling. "
"Benevolence" is the highest evaluation of the emperor! "A gentleman stops at benevolence." "History of Song Dynasty" commented on Renzong and his prosperous rule: "(Renzong) was in office for forty-two years, and if the official was lazy, he was allowed to despise the disabled; The criminal law seems lenient, but there are many lenient people in the prison. The country has no disadvantages, but it is not enough to rule the world; There are no villains in the DPRK, but it is not enough to win the good. The hearts of monarchs and subjects are filled with awe and loyalty, which has been the foundation for cultivating Song San for more than 100 years. Children and grandchildren will be tamed into chaos if they correct their behavior. "Biography" said: "Being a gentleman stops at benevolence." The emperor is sincere and innocent.