The flower meaning of Celastrus orbiculatus
Sincere love also means independence and diligence.
Morphological characteristics of Celastrus orbiculatus
Celosia cristata is panicum miliaceum, belonging to Celosia of Amaranthaceae. 30-90cm high. The whole plant is hairless. Stems erect, usually branched in the upper part, green or reddish purple, striped. Simple leaves alternate; Petiole 2- 15 mm long, or sessile; Leaf blade papery, lanceolate or oblong, 5-9 cm long and 1-3 cm wide, with sharp or long tip and slightly downward tapering base, entire. Flowers are densely planted, first reddish, then silvery white. Spikes are solitary at the top of stems or branches, cylindrical or conical, and 3- 10 cm long. Bracts, bracteoles and perianth are membranous, white and bright. Tepals 5, white or pink, lanceolate; Stamens 5, lower part united into cup, anther purple. Utricle ovoid-elliptic, dehiscent, hat-shaped shedding on the upper part, persistent style at the top, wrapped by persistent perianth.
Celosia japonica leaves are oblong-lanceolate, lanceolate or lanceolate, and a few are ovoid, 5-8 cm long and 1-3 cm wide; Green is often reddish, with a sharp tip or tapering, a small awn tip and a tapering base; Petiole 2- 15 mm long, or petiole-free.
Celosia Celosia flowers are numerous and dense, forming a single unbranched tower-shaped or cylindrical spike at the stem end or branch end, with a length of 3-10 cm; Bracts and bracteoles are lanceolate, 3-4 mm long, white and bright, tapering at the top, elongated into fine awns, midvein 1, and protruding at the back; Perianth oblong-lanceolate, 6- 10 mm long, white at first, reddish at the top, or all pink, then white, tapering at the top, with 1 midvein and protruding at the back; Filaments are 5-6 mm long, separated parts are about 2.5-3 mm long, and anthers are purple; Ovary stalk short, purple style, 3-5 mm long.
Celosia is ovoid and wrapped by persistent perianth. The lid cracked and the upper part fell off in a hat shape. The seeds are kidney-shaped, black and bright, and rectangular reticular patterns can be seen under the magnifying glass, which are arranged in concentric circles.
The seeds are oblate, a few kidney-shaped, with a diameter of 1 ~ 1.8 mm, black or red-black on the surface, bright, slightly convex in the middle, and umbilicus holes in the side concave. Observing the surface under a magnifying glass, you can see the net texture, the seeds are easy to stick to your hands, and the seed coat is thin and brittle. No breath, light taste. Full grain surface, black color and bright color are preferred. The seed surface is smooth, black and shiny, and there are slightly concave umbilicus points on the side. The seeds look like cockscomb flowers, the seed coat is thin and brittle, easily broken, and the inside is white. The gas is slightly smelly and the taste is slightly bitter. Prescription drugs for medical insurance. Seeds are odorless and tasteless. Chemical components include fatty oil, starch, nicotinic acid and potassium nitrate.
Ecological habits of Celosia japonica
Celosia likes warmth, heat resistance and cold resistance. The optimum growth temperature is 25-30℃, and it grows slowly below 20℃ and withers when it meets frost; Above 30℃, the product quality is poor. Celosia is a short and hard plant, which is easy to bolting and blossom under the conditions of high temperature and sunshine in autumn. It has low requirements for soil, but strong fertility, and loose soil with rich organic matter and fertility has high yield and good quality.
Celastrus orbiculatus has certain cold resistance and drought resistance. It likes to grow in calcareous soil and fertile sandy loam, and it can also grow in cohesive soil, but its speed is slow, and it is easy to rot roots in low-lying places with stagnant water. Strong resistance to sulfur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride and chlorine.
Semen Celosiae has low requirements on soil and is suitable for cultivation on fertile and well-drained sandy soil. Avoid stagnant water, low-lying land is not suitable for planting. Born in plain or hillside, it can reach an altitude of 1 100 meters. Weeds in dry fields.
Cultivation mode of Celastrus orbiculatus
Cultivation techniques use seeds to propagate.
Celosia japonica seeds with long spike, many branches and high yield should be selected as seeds. Celosia lanceolata and Celosia cristata are easy to cross, which significantly affects the yield. It should be paid attention to planting separately from Celosia cristata to ensure purebred. The germination rate of seeds is 70% ~ 80%, the optimum temperature for germination is 25℃, and the seeds germinate well in the range of 20 ~ 30℃. Sow in spring from March to April, open 1.3m border, drill, open shallow border with 30cm row spacing, evenly spread seeds in the border, cover with 0.5cm soil, slightly suppress and water. 4.5 ~ 6.0 kg per 1hm2 seed. When sowing holes, the holes should be opened at the row spacing and plant spacing of about 25 cm, and the depth is 5 ~ 6 cm, so that the holes are shallow and flat. After applying human and animal manure, a small amount of fire ash is added to make seed ash, which is evenly scattered in the hole and covered with a layer of fire ash. The seed dosage per 1hm2 was 3.75kg.
Cultivation techniques of Celosia japonica
Start sowing at the right time
The average daily temperature is 65438 05℃, which is suitable for sowing seeds of Celosia glabra in the open field. Spring sowing bolting is late in flowering, long in growth period, tender in quality and high in yield; Sowing in summer and autumn is easy to bolting and flowering, with rough quality and low yield. According to local production practice, March-June is the best sowing date, and the general emergence time is 3.7d If facilities are available, it can be planted all year round. Artificial cultivation mostly adopts sowing by stages, continuous harvesting and supply to the market at any time. Because the seeds of Celastrus orbiculatus are small, in order to sow evenly, it can be mixed with 2-3 times of fine soil. After sowing, it can be covered with a layer of thin fine soil about Icm, pressed once, so that the seeds are in close contact with the soil and watered thoroughly with fine water. When sowing, the dosage of seeds per mu is about 500-800g. If we mainly harvest large seedlings, the sowing amount can be increased within the above range 100-200g as appropriate.
Entire border
It is advisable to choose loose and fertile loam with flat terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, and few weeds, and apply 200 ~ 300 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 15 ~ 20 kg of compound fertilizer per mu in combination with tillage, so as to achieve sufficient base fertilizer and blend soil and fertilizer, laying a foundation for the vigorous growth of Celosia japonica; Then press the border width 120? 150 cm, the border height is 20.25 cm, the border surface should be flat and the topsoil particles should be fine to facilitate seed germination.
Tiantuan management
Semen Celosiae is resistant to pests and diseases and has extensive management. The focus of field management is fertilizer and water management. If sufficient fertilizer and water supply can be ensured at harvest time, high quality and high yield can be achieved. Before and after emergence, a small amount of water should be used to keep the border surface moist. After the seedlings grow to 2.3 true leaves, topdressing should be carried out according to the growth situation. Generally, available nitrogen fertilizer should be applied 65,438+0-2 times, and urea should be applied with water 5 times per mu. After harvesting, apply 8 kg of urea or 2 tons of decomposed thin manure per mu of water. Because of its high planting density and high water demand, especially in its vigorous growth period, it is in a high temperature state, so we should pay attention to frequent watering to keep the soil moist and not white, and drain it in time in rainy days to prevent waterlogging and rotten roots.
choose
Celastrus mandshurica planted in March-June, its growth period and withering period are generally 15.30d, and it can be harvested one after another when it grows to 5-6 leaves. The plant height of the second harvest is about 25cm, and the base is about 10cm. After picking the upper shoots, the lateral branches can still be harvested until flowering. Sowing in other months mainly focuses on harvesting big seedlings, and the harvesting standard is 4-6 leaves of tender stems with a length of 10- 15cm. In principle, it should be harvested immediately to prevent bolting and flowering, which will lead to fibrosis of stems and leaves. The picked buds should be tied up and put on the market.
Functions and uses of Celosia
Potting action
Celosia japonica has the characteristics of slow growth, long life, pruning resistance, thick stems and soft branches, exposed leaves, easy healing between branches and easy modeling. It is a good material for making bonsai, and it can also be used as cut flowers. It takes a long time to plant flowers in bottles.
Decorative application
Celastrus orbiculatus spikes are pink, elegant in color and can last for a long time, so it is a plant material with vertical stripes. At the same time, Celastrus mandshurica has strong adaptability, and ordinary land can grow and is easy to maintain. It can be used in garden flower border, ground cover or courtyard greening, full of wild interest and bright colors, creating a romantic landscape effect in Shan Ye. At the same time, Celastrus tatarinowii has an upright plant type and a long ornamental period, and is also suitable for use as a cut flower. At present, there are also a few applications in potted flower production.
economic value