(This group of poems was written in the first year of Baoying (762). In the history of China literature, it is the first time to discuss poetry with quatrains. In this group of poems, Du Fu criticized the literati, criticized the contempt for literati at that time, and talked about his own learning and creative experience. Because of his accurate knowledge, not only his views are deeply recognized by later generations, but also this form of poetry is often imitated by later generations.
Regarding the creative intention of this group of poems, the interpretation of Lao Hantang Poems said: "This poem is not written by Yu Xin, Wang Yang, Lu and Luo, but is self-titled. Although Fang was famous all over the world during his lifetime, some people still talked about his poems, so there are sentences of' scoffing' and' not stopping'. " Du Shi Jing Quan quoted Jiang Yun as saying: "Every time you compare yourself with Yu Xin, you will almost be talked about at the same time. " )
one
Yu Xin's article is older and written by Ling.
Today's people scoff at the spread of Fu, and the sages are in awe of future generations.
1. Yu Xin: a famous poet in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Article: Pan-language literature. Older: You will be more mature when you are older.
2. Lingyun sword pen: superb brushwork. Vertical and horizontal meaning: literary thinking is like a tide, and writing is free.
3. ridicule: ridicule and blame.
4. Qian Xian refers to Yu Xin. The afterlife refers to the person who "laughs" at Yu Xin. Fear of the afterlife: Confucius said that the afterlife is awesome. But the irony here is that if Yu Xin is still alive, I'm afraid he will really feel "terrible after death."
(The first poem in the group is about Yu Xin. Du Fu commented that Yu Xin once said "fresh and vigorous" and in turn said "more successful in his later years". There is also a cloud that "Yu Xin's life is the most bitter, and his poems in his later years stir the rivers and lakes" (on Five Poems of Chanting Huai). Yang Shen's Poem of Sheng 'an in Ming Dynasty said: "Yu Xin's poem is the crown of Liang and the whip of Tang Dynasty. Historians say his poems are rich and colorful, while Du Zimei calls them fresh and mature. Colorful and fresh, everyone knows; And its age, the beauty of its only child can be wonderful. I tasted it and derived a saying: qi is more harmful, and Yan is more boneless; Clear and easy to thin, new and easy to sharp. Zi Shan's poems are bright and qualitative, clear but not thin, new but not sharp, so they are mature. " )
Secondly,
At that time, Yang Wangluo Road was thin and thin.
Second, the name of the grass is destroyed, and the rivers are abandoned forever.
1. Wang Luo:, Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo. These four people are all famous writers in the early Tang Dynasty, and people call them "four outstanding writers in the early Tang Dynasty". Contemporary style: refers to the genre and style of the four great swan songs at that time.
2. frivolous: superficial and frivolous. E: Laugh. This sentence means that some frivolous literati are constantly cynical about the poems of the four great masters.
3. Ercao: You. This is an impolite name, which means "waiting for you", you people.
4. Do not waste: do not affect. Here, the names and works of outstanding writers, including the four outstanding writers, will be handed down from generation to generation like the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.
(The names of the four great masters were first seen in Du Lun in the Song Dynasty: "Wang, Yang, Lu and Luo followed, and Ziqu followed. Wang also went to the west of Shaanxi, and Yang was finally slaughtered. Lu Ai was ill in the mountains, and Luo was unable to protect his family. ..... people die if they are unfortunate, and they die if they are famous. " This evaluation is not based on age, nor is it entirely based on poetic achievements, but it has been used to this day. The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty (190) says: "Jiong is as famous as Lu, Lu and Qi, and he is also called the king of the sea, and he is also called the four outstanding men. When Tim heard this, he said, Shame on Lu, shame on the queen. At that time, the negotiators thought so. " Although the names of four outstanding poems have been shown before his death, Du Fu's attention to this poem is undoubtedly very powerful. The last two sentences of the poem are powerful metaphors and are deeply recited by people. )
third
Even though Cao's calligraphy is not as coquettish as it is
Long Wen and Hu Ji are kings. You can see Er Cao through the calendar.
Fourth.
Talent should be hard to boast about who is outstanding today.
Or watch the uncapped whales on the emerald orchids in the blue sea.
Fifth.
Not thin, today's people love the ancients, and beautiful sentences in Ming language must be neighbors.
Steal Qusong, drive away fear, and follow in the footsteps of Qi Liang.
1. Thin: look down, look down, despise.
2. Begging for your neighbor: Begging for your neighbor is not exclusive.
3. Stealing: chasing and crawling inside. Qu Song: Qu Yuan and Song Yu. Square driving: parallel cars. This is for those frivolous scribes: if you want to be as famous as Qu Yuan and Song Yu, you must have the ability and talent to keep pace with them.
4. Qi and Liang Wenfeng are flashy, emphasizing form over content. If not, I'm afraid you are not as good as a scholar in Qi Liang!
Du Fu pointed out that all the works of Qu, Song, Han, Wei, Qi and Liang, four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty or contemporary poets, should be given reasonable evaluation and due respect as long as the words are clear and the sentences are beautiful. Du Fu's view of literature and art is not only popular and realistic, but also full of outstanding opinions. His attention and orientation to the literature of Qu, Song, Han and Wei, and his criticism of Liang's literature are in line with the reality of the history of literature, so he has been affirmed by later generations. )
Sixth.
Don't doubt who handed over the ancestors before the sages.
Don't cut off your vanity, be friendly and elegant, and turn to profit. Many teachers are your teachers.
There is no doubt that those frivolous people are inferior to their predecessors.
2. Carry on the family line: learn from each other and inherit the excellent traditions of our predecessors. Who comes first: in no particular order.
3. Don't cut the false body: distinguish and cut the poems with poor form and content. Pro-elegance: Learn the tradition of appealing to both refined and popular tastes in The Book of Songs.
4. Transfer to more teachers: find teachers in many ways.
Du Fu advocated earnestly studying the excellent literary traditions of predecessors, and contemporaries should also learn from each other's strengths. He believes in the traditional concept of poetry teaching, and thinks that the style poems and elegant poems in The Book of Songs are models and should be studied well. Poetry of Tang and Song Dynasty says: "Writing a thesis with poetry is a creative style in quatrains." This makes Yuan curious about the origin of On Poetry. " )