Introduction
Xie Qikun was born in a scholarly family. He received strict family training and orthodox Confucianism since childhood. His father was also a well-educated scholar, especially good at language, writing, phonology, and exegesis, and was famous for his skill in educating his children. Xie Qikun was gifted with intelligence, strong receptive ability, hard work and self-motivation, and his family education was passed down from generation to generation. Therefore, he was praised for his excellent academic performance and excellent academic performance when he was young. When he was 16 years old, Xie went to Beijing to enter Taixue University. At the age of 24, he passed the provincial examination and won the eighth place in the imperial examination the next year. In the twenty-sixth year of Qianlong's reign (AD 1761), he won the first place in the palace examination, was awarded the title of Shujishi in the Hanlin Academy, and was assigned to study the national book.
He acted impartially and was recognized as a scholar with real talents and practical knowledge when he served as chief examiner twice and was widely praised by the society. He himself also became famous in the capital for his economic articles and was listed as a first-class official. , appointed with the title of government official or Taoist official.
Later, Xie Qikun served successively as the prefect of Zhenjiang and Yangzhou, and the chief envoy of Shanxi, starting from the second rank. In the fourth year of Jiaqing (AD 1799), he served as Minister of the Ministry of War and Right Deputy Imperial Envoy of the Metropolitan Procuratorate, and was appointed governor of Guangxi.
Throughout his life, Xie Qikun was not only an honest official, but also had outstanding political achievements, felt the support of the people, and was good at scholarship. He wrote numerous books and essays, including twenty-three volumes of "Shu Jing Tang Ji" and four essays. There are five hundred and twenty-six volumes of "Epic Poetry in Shujingtang", twenty-four volumes of "Book of the Western Wei Dynasty", fifty volumes of "Primary School Examination", and "Gu Wai Collection". "Bieji Supplement", "Historical Records", "Guangxi Jinshilu", "Records of Martyred Ministers of the Holy Dynasty", "Beilou Notes" and many more, becoming a generation of famous scholars, outstanding historians, especially outstanding Local chronicler.
In terms of local chronicles, in addition to the compilation of Qianlong's "Nanchang Prefecture Chronicles", the most successful one was the compilation of "Guangxi General Chronicles", which had a profound influence and was called "a model of provincial chronicles" by Liang Qichao.
On June 26, the seventh year of Jiaqing (AD 1802), Xie Qikun died while serving as governor of Guangxi at the age of 66. He was awarded the title of senior political official. The court of the Qing Dynasty granted 3,000 taels of funeral silver and ordered the governor of Jiangxi to offer sacrifices on his behalf. He allowed Qikun's coffin to be brought into Jiangxi and buried in Dashan, Taohua Township, Xinjian County. Historical records
Xie Qikun, courtesy name Yunshan, was born in Nankang, Jiangxi. In the 26th year of Qianlong's reign, he became a Jinshi (Jinshi) and ranked first in the imperial examination. In the Henan Provincial Examination, the branch schools were all awarded scholars. In the thirty-seventh year, he became the prefect of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province and transferred to Yangzhou. He is clear about official affairs, insists on integrity, and does not take away the opinions of superior officials. In governing Dongtai, Xu Shukui's poems and poems were rebellious and the prison was slow, and he was dismissed from his post to garrison the military platform. Looking for donations to restore the official position, he stayed in the south of the Yangtze River. His father was worried about him, so he took the intelligence office to the magistrate of Ningguo, Anhui Province. His mother was worried about him again, so he was sent to the imperial eunuch, saying that he would not be able to get out of the hospital for a long time. In the fifty-fifth year, the river bank road in the south of the Yangtze River was specially built and moved to Zhejiang as an inspector. In the 60th year, he moved to Shanxi Province as chief envoy. The state and county warehouses had accumulated losses of more than 800,000 yuan, which were all replenished within a year. Emperor Gaozong was so talented that Zhejiang suffered a huge loss of wealth and land, so he was specially transferred. Calendar three years old, also make up for five tenths. In the fourth year of Jiaqing, he was promoted to governor of Guangxi. Shangshu briefly stated: "There are three changes in the accumulated disadvantages of warehouses in various provinces. First, the greedy officials benefited from bribes from the prefectures and counties, and those who committed crimes benefited from the prefectures and counties' compensation. The prefectures and counties hid their private affairs, responded to them with public funds, and left office. Then there will be a lot of shortfalls. The big officials have to suppress their successors to accept them. Then the big officials are allowed to be deceived, and those who tolerate them are afraid of being in trouble. It is troublesome to report shortfalls. There are also people in prefectures and counties who use their thanks to threaten the promotion of their superiors. The origin of this shortfall was that in the fourth year of Jiaqing, the incompetent governors were exposed one after another, and the prefectures and counties also competed with each other. Make up for it. But the way to make up for it is to be lenient, and the subordinate officials will be treacherous; if it is urgent, the people will suffer first. The rich and poor in each province are different, and the difficulty will be different. There are many obstacles in setting up the regulations. Please order the provinces to first verify the number of losses and the people who are responsible for the losses. If there are no rules and regulations, record the files in detail so that the cunning officials will not be able to allude to them, so that the successors can make up for them. There is no need to ask for help, and there is no need to achieve success overnight. Instruct the governor to eliminate the source of bad regulations, promote frugality to eliminate their influence, pay attention to the art of loving the people to cultivate vitality, and reward honest officials to encourage officials. There was more than enough. In a few years, the warehouses were replenished, and the people's livelihood was also prosperous. Since Sun Shiyi operated in Annan, Guangxi has provided hundreds of millions of military supplies at a huge cost. The rice and silver equipment were destroyed and abandoned outside the customs, and the prefectures and counties were divided among the compensation. All the provinces are at a loss. It is not the prefectures and counties that have been corrupted, and the people who have taken over are in the process of repairing the crops. Once they are involved in the pursuit, it is difficult to prevent them from being persuaded to donate, but they will lead the divisions, roads, prefectures, and prefectures to save food and clothing, and remove everything. Bizhou County calmly makes up for the bad regulations, promotes integrity and eliminates corruption, and does not burden the people. Within three years, the treasury will be replenished. However, if there are dozens of people to make up for it, it will be insufficient, and if one or two people are defeated, there will be more. When you know people well and are honest, you don't like to be flattered, and you don't tolerate them, so that you won't suffer further losses in the future." He also said: "To make up for the shortcomings, it is not a plan to avoid being tired at the beginning, but it has practical experience. Both Shanxi and Zhejiang did not consult the ministry, nor did they ask for their origins. Most of the members of the day died and were sent to the garrison, and many of them had poor descendants. The thirty-nine prefectures and counties in Guangxi that have not completed their treasury items will be divided into three years. If there is any deficiency in the treasury at the time of handover, they will be impeached. At that time, the order was issued to buy and replenish the warehouses and grains, and the neighboring counties of Fengnen were taken from the neighboring counties, and it was forbidden to buy in this territory. Qi Kun said that there are mountains all over Guangxi, and the price of grain is not reduced by the transportation. I am afraid that the unscrupulous people may be sent out because of the difficulty in purchasing. Please still listen to the purchase of goods in this area. The edict is as discussed.
Sixty-six of the Guangxi chieftains are in their forties, and their livelihood is declining. They lend money to the guests, often at a discount of their farm property. Qi Kun please prohibit profiteering and exploitation, and those who violate it will be punished. If the land is returned to the chieftain, if he is unable to redeem it, the land will be returned to the original owner once the land is collected and rented with one profit, and the land will be cut off after five years. Trafficking is used to communicate what is available and what is not. Imitating the method of using bamboo baskets and bags of stones on seawalls in Zhejiang, stone embankments were built on the steep river in Xing'an to eliminate flooding. The river is so deep that it takes an old copper boat a month to cross the steep river, and it takes three days to complete. In the seventh year, he died in the official position. He was praised for his integrity by imperial edicts and was given three thousand taels of silver for funeral expenses in addition to the surplus items saved at Xun and Wu Passes. The scholars and people of Guangxi worshiped Minghuan Temple (Yongan case: the second temple of Minghuan Township Xian is mostly located in the Xuegong). Revising Chronicles
On February 9, 1800, Xie Qikun started majoring in "General Chronicles of Guangxi". The book is divided into four chapters: the training code; the history of counties and counties, office palaces, elections, feudalism, etc.; the nine chapters of geography, mountains and rivers, passes, construction, economy and politics, previous events, art and literature, epigraphy, and historical sites; official records, Two records of banished officials and biographies, etc., totaling 17 items. Under each heading, it is divided into details depending on the content. For example, the geographical outline is divided into six headings: territory, division, climate, household registration, customs, and products. The construction outline is divided into cities, compensation offices, schools, altars, temples, and beams. There are five categories such as Jin and Jin, and the art and literature can be divided into eight categories such as Jingbu, History, Zibu, Jibu, Miscellaneous Notes, Zhicheng, Memorials, and Poems. The precision and perfection of its style are far superior to those of previous generations, and it is highly praised by scholars. In the Qing Dynasty, most of the prefectures, prefectures, and counties in Guangxi had compiled official records. Compiled 198 records of prefectures, prefectures, counties, departments, Tuzhous, and chieftains. There are still 127 copies in existence. Most of the prefecture, prefecture and county annals have been revised or re-edited many times. For example, "Xunzhou Prefectural Annals" has been revised in 7 volumes, and "Qinzhou Chronicles", "Binzhou Chronicles" and "Beiliu County Chronicles" have all been revised in 5 volumes. Compilation
He presided over the compilation of 24 volumes of "Book of the Western Wei Dynasty". The "Manuscript of History of the Qing Dynasty" believes that "the righteousness and examples are all carefully scrutinized, not just calligraphy, but similar to historical notes." (Biography 271, Vol. 484) "Guangxi Tongzhi" has 280 volumes, divided into five major categories and 22 sub-categories, with a complete style and is regarded as a model of historical records. Don't pretend to be judged, "recruit extensive knowledge, and be the best in all provinces". The engraving of "Nanchang Prefecture Chronicles" in the 54th year of Qianlong's reign was also completed under the leadership of Xie Qikun and co-edited by Chen Lansen and Wang Wenyong.
Xie Qikun, with the help of Hu Qian and Chen G, wrote 50 volumes of "Primary School Examination". This book was written to supplement the shortcomings of the pictorial exegesis in Zhu Yizun's Jingyi Kao. The style is still in Zhu's Jingyi Kao, and includes historical records, Gonghe bibliographies after Liu Xin's Qilue, and even local chronicles, All the primary school books recorded in the anthology and notes, whether they have been lost or lost, have been collected in this compilation, with a total of 1,180 kinds of books. The book was prefaced by Weng Fanggang, Qian Daxin, Yao Nai, and Yu Yue. Yu Yue praised it as "the key to self-confidence in primary school students" and "must read this book if you want to teach primary school students." Characteristics of poetry
When he was twenty-three years old, he entered Kyoto in the winter and passed the Diaoyutai together with Wang Yikai and Li Jingting. He left behind a wonderful line: "The moon shines on the river bank, and the guest star is alone on the pavilion." From the poem, we can feel the loneliness and loneliness that the poet had on his way to Beijing, and there is a kind of homesickness of "looking up at the bright moon, looking down at the hometown". Xie Qikun has many poems like this that express emotions about things. He has this poem in "Four Poems of Bu Shi Pavilion": "The sky in Shuangtong Courtyard is clear, and the autumn moon is as cool as water." A kind of sadness of being in a foreign country on a Mid-Autumn Festival night but not being able to reunite with his family emerges in the poem. The yard was deserted, and the Mid-Autumn Festival moon also gave people a cold feeling. Farewell to my family, which coincides with the Mid-Autumn Festival, brings an unspeakable sense of homesickness to the poem. When he was appointed as the inspector of Zhejiang Province, he wrote the "Record of the Visit to Shengyin Temple on the Second Day of Yimao Xinzheng to Meet the Snow Gong", which includes "The fragrance of plum blossoms blows into the mist of the forest, and the mountain scenery is lightly covered with smoke on the water." In mid-autumn, when he was about to take office in the Jin Dynasty, he bid farewell to his colleagues on the lake. There was a poem like "Hongni once printed six bridges, and the fragrance of osmanthus and lotus bloomed twice." The day before the Double Ninth Festival, I climbed Lingyan Rock and wrote a poem: "I came from Yueyue to Soochow, and the clouds were vast and connected. The Dongting area on the left and right is 30,000 hectares, and the situation can swallow the West Lake." On September 13th, I passed through Zhenjiang overlooking the platform again, and I felt sad. In the brief, he congratulated the prefect of Xuzhai, saying: "Since riding a crane to Yangzhou, bananas and deers have been dreaming of each other. Jiang Yan returned to Nanpu with his poems, and thanked Yao Linfeng for recalling Beilou." In September, Wangri Hanshang and colleagues bid farewell to Kangshan Cottage. , I got two poems impromptu, including "I have an appointment with the autumn wind to renew the old relationship, and I have heard songs on the top of this building." On September 18, when the boat was moored on the Yuanpu River, Mr. Shuailan Jianting and his staff were staying at the palace office, and there was " "Zhenhe flies to the west and the sky flies to the south." On the 11th day of the intercalary month of the second year of Jiaqing (1797), he prayed for rain in Tianzhu and wrote a poem "Across the river, waterfalls and river towers are flying, and the Ci clouds in Shangzhu cover Yuezhou." On the first day of March in the seventh year of Jiaqing (1802), when worshiping Emperor Yu in the temple, I sat in the South Xun Pavilion and looked at the new green. There were "four mountains with mist trees and duckweeds, a heron dotting the snow and flying in the clear sky. Thousands of rivers came to invade Xinmu, and the shadow of the Li River was clear and pitiful." Wait for the good words. On the night of the 21st, there was a heavy rain and there was something interesting to do. "We are planning important strategies in Fengmin, and we are singing yangko to Guicheng." On May 27th, I learned the four rhymes of Ji En's poem about advocating politics and common people's faith, and feeling that his ambition was steaming. There is a saying: "Heirs who are confident that they will remain innocent will not be able to serve the country with enough food and ambition."
When he was fifty-one years old, Xie Qikun revisited Yunlin Temple in Zhejiang and wrote "Eight Ode to a Leisurely Life in Autumn", the second part of which goes: " Gu Yinglian and Xuanfa were half a hundred years old. "When a man reaches fifty-two years old, he feels sorry for himself. He is born young and his hair is young. Life is short. At the age of fifty-two, he wrote "Yi Song Sixteen Rhyme Oral Poems to Lu Qiqingke", which contains a poem: "For thirty years, people have grown old and trees have become like this. "When I went to Beijing at the age of fifty-four, I wrote "Four poems about going to the capital in February of Gengxu to leave friends with friends". One of them has a sentence: "When we meet again, the grass and trees are soaked with spring dew, and the fishermen and woodcutter are still close to the saint's face.
"At the age of sixty-six, he tried to write four poems and was a scholar of Zhang Nanpo in Cambodia. There is a poem like "In the sixtieth year and the sixth spring, Pei Wei sincerely obeys and respects the God of calligraphy." We can see from the poems written by Xie Qikun in his later years His tranquility and calmness in his later years were without any trace of sadness or lamentation.
Xie Qikun fully revealed his political ambitions, achievements in poetry and his love for the people in "Jing Tongtang Poems". The heart of boxing:
"Mr. has followed Tangshe for more than ten years, and the Qin, Guan, and Shu stores are connected. Looking at the mountains and rivers, they roar, and the light is so sweet that the flowers fly into the feast. The setting sun is far away on the original head of Wuzhang, and the autumn light is round on Baizi Pond. The dragon gate is extremely dangerous and the world is strong, and the writing style is so straight that it wants to compete with the weak. He came to do the work with a harp and a crane, and attached a thousand poems on the jade screen. The way of sound leads to politics, and this matter is not just about boasting. The public's family follows the ancient methods of officials, so how can it be so easy to treat with the help of classics. Yesterday I was thirsty and the public saw the public wall, and the court disciplined the official with his hands and the proverb hanging. Xiangguo has many books and treasures on the wall, mostly in Pucheng, Shangluo. This volume of "Xiao Yong" has its origins, and it is like guiding the ocean waves to follow each other. That person is the rain for the country, and he conquers all with one word of rescuing the famine. The long chants of describing the feelings are more upright, like water and fists with an iron heart. The words of a benevolent person are of little benefit, and this is the first step in good governance. Zhang Yuan poured down water for six thousand feet, bursting out into dew and covering the spring fields. "Wu Kua Song" and "Liang Qi Ode", Jun's poems were collected into Feng Yao. How can I report the most stationed in the flying boat? I will cut the red candle and divide the Yao paper. ”
In this poem, Xie Qikun expressed his loyalty to the country, his emotions for his official career, and his love for the people. At the same time, he also expressed his love and pursuit of poetry. With poetry On Poetry
Xie Qikun has made great achievements in the field of poetry, and his number is second to none in the entire history of Chinese poetry. He is a very prominent poet in the history of Chinese poetry. The basic characteristic of Xie Qikun's poetry theory is that he knows people and discusses the world, and his theory is based on history. "Among his more than 500 poems on poetry, most of them are discussed in connection with the poet's life events, such as "Thousands of miles into the wilderness to chase away guests and orphans, and a volume of new poems is paid to the official slaves. The oriole cries in the dream of Chutian, and the cage is opened and the partridges are released." He commented on Liu Zongyuan: "The layman is looking for poems before the ink is dry, and the news of apricot blossoms is heard by the cold rain. Who said that when poetry reaches the end of Suhuang, the horizon will be broadened when traveling thousands of miles south" comments on Chen Yuyi. These two poems mainly comment on the deeds experienced by the poet at that time. Liu Zongyuan was demoted to the barbaric land of Yongzhou for participating in the Yongzhen revolution; Chen Yuyi was in The Jingkang Rebellion prevented the Southern Expedition. The poetic style of these two poems is tragic and desolate, which is in line with the environment Liu and Chen were in at that time. The rules and basic clues are important signs that his poems on poetry have become the history of poetry. For example, he commented on the simplicity of many poems in the Book of Songs that reflected the simplicity of the time: "Three hundred poems were not deleted before they were circulated in Pushang and Sangjian"; "Chickens in the forest compete for fragrant mountains, and old women can sing for bachelors" is a comment on the poetry of the Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi, which is simple in language and sung by young and old; and "the sound of birds is broken by the wind and the shadows of flowers are heavy, and the poetry style of the late Tang Dynasty is extremely delicate" is a comment on the poetry of the late Tang Dynasty Characteristics of wind.
Xie Qikun advocates a fresh and natural poetic view, advocating a masculine and heroic poetic style, and opposes the delicate and weak poetic style.
" Poetry is an important criterion for Xie Qikun. Xie Qikun's comment on Xu Hun in the Tang Dynasty that "one word of Qingyin is one pearl" better reflects his admiration for the fresh and natural poetry style. "One generation is famous but not high, and a hundred places are pure. Hard to come by. "(Jin Ma Cao) "Chen Yan is as straight as a mountain, and Qing is the first to enter poetry." (Jin Yang Peng) etc. This shows Xie Qikun's admiration for "Qing".
Another example is his "It's never too late to write a poem at fifty, and "Yan Ge" is generous and deeply sad. He showed his sincerity and courage to others, and when he was in trouble thousands of miles away, he praised Gao Shi. He said: "I bow my head to thank Yuanhui all my life, and Bai Lianfei is like a picturesque river city." "Throughout the ages, the green mountains have paid tribute to a close friend, and the Jian'an character has been passed down with few voices." Commenting on Li Bai, he wrote "a spring breeze sentence about roses and peony, and an autumn poem about fallen leaf caterpillars." "The unbelieving girl wrote this song, watching the clouds and thanking guests since many times" commented on the Qin Dynasty. From these poems on poetry, we can see that Xie Qikun advocates a vigorous and simple style in poetry. His poems have profound social content, and their style is majestic and artistic. Far away. Personal works and writings
Throughout his life, Xie Qikun was not only an honest official, but also had outstanding political achievements. He was also good at scholarship and wrote numerous books, including "The Collection of Other Collections in the Valley". ”, “Historical Records”, “Guangxi Jinshi Lu”, and “The Records of Martyred Officials in the Holy Dynasty” became a generation of famous scholars and outstanding historians’ poems
"Yang Zhen"
The bird in the scarf box is full of jade, and the master is famous in Guanxi.
The white jade and the blue fly are not innocent.
Three @ lectures are a sign of life, a bird. After Guan Ting's death, he was sad. , literature and history belong to the same family.
The white-faced scholar talks about the Northern Expedition, and the black-clad prime minister sits in the south palace.
The Great Wall is full of songs, and the candlelight is dim in the hall at night.
< p> Frugality still retains the original intention, Wu Peng has not defeated Ge Tiaohua. Character evaluationMa Piyao called "Guangxi Tongzhi" a major innovator on the basis of inheriting the tradition of predecessors. The best, he did not risk historical judgment, so he created the style of official books for more than two hundred years." Kuang Zhouyi praised him as "the most careful style, comprehensive citations, and the best among all provincial annals." Liang Qichao even praised him as "a model for provincial annals."