letter format
① title: top case, and some can also add certain qualifications and modifiers, such as dear.
② greetings: if you write "hello" and "are you healthy recently", you can pick up the text. (But rarely. )
③ the text. This is the main body of the letter, which can be written in several paragraphs.
④ greetings. Take the most common "greetings" and "salutations" as examples. "Zhi Zhi" can be written in two correct positions: one is immediately after the main text, without starting another paragraph or punctuation; The second is to write in two spaces under the text. "Salute" is written on the next line of "From Here". An exclamation point should be added after it to show the sincerity and strength of the congratulations.
The epithet in the second half of address and greeting is a kind of respect for the recipient. It is a continuation of the tradition of "looking up" in ancient letters. Ancient letters were written vertically, and the writing involved the name or address of the other recipient. In order to show respect, no matter where you write, you should mention the other person's name or address to the next line. Its basic practice is absorbed by modern letters.
⑤ signature and date. The name of the writer is written on the right side of one or two lines below the greeting. It is better to write down the relationship with the recipient before the name of the writer, such as son, father, your friend, etc. Write the date on the next line.
If you forget to write something, you can write "Attached" in one blank line and two blank spaces under the date, and write the unfinished business on a new line.
Letters have a long history and their formats have changed several times. Today, according to the common custom, the letter format mainly includes five parts: title, body, ending, signature and date.
the origin of letters
China has a long history and culture, and is a famous country of etiquette. People's social communication and exchange of thoughts and feelings are mostly carried out through certain etiquette forms and certain cultural activities. In real life, everyone often uses a series of practical articles, such as traditional letters, business cards, Cambodian stickers, notices, inscriptions on poems and couplets, and modern ones such as telegrams, faxes, express mail and emails. These applied writing contains rich etiquette content and has a strong cultural color of the Chinese nation.
Different names of letters
Now we will briefly introduce the nicknames of calligraphy, home letters, short messages and memos.
calligraphy
calligraphy is a letter written by hand. Relatively contains the meaning of attention, truthfulness and non-counterfeiting, so it is often different from ordinary letters.
like hanshu? Xue Propaganda: "Feng Yi respected the order, but also read the ten gold laws, and could not bear to contradict each other. Therefore, the secret is to know each other in calligraphy, and I want you to advance and retreat. "
a "violent chapter" means exposure. Calligraphy is also called "personal letter", "handwritten letter", "handwritten letter", "handwritten sign", "handwritten note", "handwritten note", "ruler ink" and so on.
Examples are as follows:
Handwriting: Bai Juyi's poem "Su Xiangshan Temple Rewards Guangling Cattle" reads: "I wrote an eight-line poem, but I still met without reason."
shou Han: Han Yu's book with Ezhou Liu Zhongcheng: "It's the previous situation, so it's not necessary to describe the humble sincerity, and it's beneficial to answer it with your hand Han as soon as possible."
Shou Qi: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, article 36: "(Cheng Yu) treats Xu's mother like her own mother, and always feeds things with her hand. Xu Mu also started to answer it. "
Handwriting: Shen Defu's Wild Capture in Ming Dynasty? Taiwan province? Fang Xinyu waits on the imperial court: "The house is full of thoughts, and it is lonely, so I do my best to ask all the people to present it in advance."
Chi Mo: Hanyuan New Book? Dai Xianglu (judged by Zhoufu, Shangzhou): "Weave a ruler and ink, and drip an inch of Dan."
handwriting: what is written or drawn by hand is called handwriting. Therefore, personal letters are also called handwriting. Liu Yuxi's "On Du Situ Qi": "Near the state, Xu Zhijun arrived and sent a letter in writing."
Notes and handwritten notes: articles and letters written in person are called "handwritten notes"; Handwritten notes, diaries and letters are called "notes". For example, Zhang Juzheng in the Ming Dynasty wrote a letter to the governor of Ji Town: "Yesterday, because of Zhao Shuai, I saw it with Li Zixin's handwritten post." The subtitle of Lu Xun's novel Regret for the Past is "Juansheng's Notes".
home letter
a home letter refers to a letter from home or a letter sent home after going out. Letters from home are also called "letters from home", "letters from home", "questions from home", "letters from home", "letters from home", "bamboo reports peace", "brocade words", "brocade letters", "brocade letters", "brocade letters", "yellow dog sounds",
The "family ticket" has been mentioned in Guo Moruo's letter, and the other examples are as follows:
Family letter: Song Zhaojian (bian Yinbian)' s poem "Wen Ling Wai Kou Terrier": "A family letter is worth ten thousand times as much as gold, but I don't know how to dream."
the economist asked, "Zhou Shu? Biography of Jin Dang Gong Hu: "I didn't expect today, so I had to ask the family, sobbing on paper, and saying nothing."
Jia Bao: Li Yu's "Midong Building?" Chuanshu: "I still have a family newspaper. You can send a proper servant to the Dragon Officer in Dongting."
Hometown Letter: Inscription for Sun Daogan's Memories from the Sick Bed of Xiaoluoan? Crying for my sister: "The rural book has just begun to read and ended, and the tears are in the middle."
hometown letter: refers to letters from hometown people or family members, but mostly refers to the latter. Tang Liu Changqing's poem "Going to the Building with the Gentlemen" reads: "There is no hometown letter in the north, and the car is stagnant."
Zhu Bao Ping An: A sequel to Youyang Miscellaneous Group by Duan Chengshi in Tang Dynasty? Zhi Zhi Xia said: "Wei Gong (that is, Li Deyu, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty) said that the Tongzi Temple in Beidu (that is, Taiyuan) only had a bamboo nest, which was only a few feet long. According to legend, its temple gang Wei (that is, the monk in charge of temple affairs) reported peace with bamboo every day." Later, it was called Ping An Jia Xin with "Bamboo Newspaper for Peace", also referred to as "Bamboo Newspaper". For example, Han Yuanji, a Song Dynasty poet, titled "Water Tune"? Wang Dehe, the second rhyme on the table, wrote: "No guest asks about life and death, but bamboo reports peace."
Brocade: A word made of brocade, which originated from a sad story. Book of Jin? The biography of Dou Tao's wife Su Shi contains: "Dou Tao's wife Su Shi, who was originally an ordinary person, has a good reputation, and is good at writing. Tao, when Fu Jian was the secretariat of Qin Zhou, he was moved (exiled) to quicksand (desert), and Su thought about it. Brocade was a palindrome poem to give, and Tao Wan turned around to read it. The words were very sad. Every 34 words were not recorded. " Later, the letter sent by his wife to her husband was called "Jin Zi". For example, Fan Chengda's poem "In the Road" says: "There is no brocade in the guest's sorrow, and there is snuff in the hometown." Jin characters are also called "Jin Zi Shu", "Jin Wen", "Jin Shu" and "Jin Zhong Shu".
Jin Zi Shu: Li Bai's poem "Long Separation": "Don't come home in late spring, and you will see cherry blossoms in the jade window. There is a brocade book, which makes people think.
Jin Wen: Feng Menglong's "Hanging Branches?" Patience: "brocade is woven, and I am fortunate to return to my face." Give her fickle fortune, she is still an enemy. In the old days, women called her Mr Right.
Brocade: Liu Jian, a Tang Dynasty poet, wrote a poem: "I sent a Brocade with infinite meaning, but why didn't Sai Hong come back?"
Brocade in Chinese: Tang Gengkun (wei Yinwei) wrote a poem: "The window under the leaves is cold with silver candles, and it contains a cry from the grass brocade in Chinese."
yellow dog sound: the allusion comes from the Book of Jin? Lu Ji Chuan. Lu Ji, a writer in the Western Jin Dynasty, was a native of Wu County (now Songjiang, Shanghai). I have a very good dog named Huang Er. He was detained in Luoyang, the capital at that time. He didn't get a letter from home for a long time, and he missed it very much. One day, he smiled and said to the dog, "There is no letter at home. Can you deliver it?" The yellow ear wags its tail to say yes. So Lu Ji wrote a letter in bamboo slips and tied it to the dog's neck. The dog went south to find his way home, got a reply and sent it back to Luoyang. Later, "yellow ears" or "yellow dogs" were used to refer to messengers, and "yellow dog sounds" were used to refer to letters from home. The second fold of Wang Shifu's fifth book "The West Chamber": "It is difficult to spread the red leaf poem without the yellow dog sound." Yellow dog sound is also called "dog book". For example, Li He's "Remembering Changgu Mountain Residence at the Beginning of the Ceremony" waits: "The dog book went to Luo, and the crane was ill and regretted visiting Qin." "Crane disease" means that the wife is ill.
Memo
Memo is a relatively simple and informal official letter sent by government agencies and groups, which was also called "Zazi" in the past.
For example, in the fifty-third chapter of The Scholars, "Chen Munan wrote a letter asking Chang Sui to take it to the official residence and borrow two hundred and twenty pieces of silver from Xu Jiu's son."
inch slips
inch slips are short letters, which are also called "inch notes", "inch paper", "inch letters", "inch letters" and "piece letters". Sometimes these pronouns are used to refer to letters sent by oneself. Here are a few examples:
Inch Jane: Xia Cengyou's poem "Seeing Wang Yibai off" says: "With inch Jane in the heart of the ages, Kyushu is easy to enter the oblique cave." "Heart period" refers to expectations and wishes. "xun Yin Xun" means to be dark.
inch letterhead: Lu Xun's collection of letters? To Gao Liangfuzi: "I'm sending you an inch note to thank you." Yun (kun sound bundle), that is, sincere.
inch paper: Qiu Jin's Niannujiao? The word "send a boudoir to a younger sister" says: "Don't leave a thousand threads, leave a thousand threads of hatred, and an inch of paper should be difficult to cut. "
Inch-corner: Letter to the British Ambassador, the outline of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom:" Today, I take advantage of the feather stool to specially repair the inch-corner. "
Cunzha: A Broken Sleeve by Wu Xiameng, a Qing Dynasty man? Qin Shu: "If you get the chance, you will move in the same direction.
inch letters: Lu Xun's collection of letters? To Li Liewen: "I sent an inch letter at night and wrote another one at night.
Letters are an important tool for disseminating information, which is even more important before there are modern communication tools such as telegrams and telephones.
"after the war-fires of three months, one message from home is worth a ton of gold" (Du Fu's poem "Looking at the Spring"),
"Suddenly I read a book a hundred times, and I started to pick up the residual light when I was dizzy" (the poem "Two verses with Zhong Di" by Liu Kezhuang, a poet in the Song Dynasty). These poems show the importance people attach to letters. Therefore, under the profusion of literati, many letters are nicknamed.
book letters
letters: in modern times, they are generally called letters or letters, but in ancient times, they were more called "books". The ancient "letter" refers to the messenger, that is, the person who delivers the letter, and the book is the letter. Therefore, letters composed of the word "book" have more nicknames than letters.
book question: the word "question" has the meanings of news, greeting and telling. So "book question" is a letter. For example, Lu Xun's letter "To Xu Shoushang" wrote: "In Beijing, although my brother has many old acquaintances, he has not been able to ask questions for a long time, which is extremely helpless."
Book and post: Fan Chengda in the Song Dynasty said, "There are few books and posts piled up, and the door-to-door tattoos are rare."
book presentation: the second episode of "Biography of Water Travel": "I wrote a book presentation, but Gao Qiu sent it."
secretary: in modern times, the secretary refers to the heads of organizations at all levels in political parties or groups, but in ancient times, it refers to people engaged in official documents and letters, or letters and characters. Ceng Gong, a Song Dynasty poet, wrote "Fu Zhou Hui Zeng Shi Zhong Xiang": "Although there is a sincere desire for diligence, there is no gift for a secretary to wait for questions."
Eight-line and Eight-line script: In ancient times, each page of stationery was mostly eight lines, so letters were called "eight-line" or "eight-line script". Li Yu, Italy? Wu Cheat: "Eight lines pass on my thoughts." Xing Tai, a poet from the Northern Qi Dynasty, wrote the poem "The Late Spring Banquet of Qi Wei Dao Xun": "Whoever can do both inside and outside will send the eight-line script alone."
Book tube: Book tube originally refers to the mailbox for storing books and letters, and is used to refer to letters. For example, Zhao Fan, a Song Dynasty poet, wrote: "But I am afraid that there will be no geese in Hengyang, and the book container will not bother people."
book title: "title" is also used as a book. "release the name? Interpretation of Book Deed says: "Book slips are called titles." So the title of the book is a letter. Such as "Southern History"? Zhou Shan Tu Zhuan: "(Zhou Shan Tu) is very clumsy in the title of the book, so I would like to be brief and not say that people are short of length."
Shuzi: This is the oral title of letters. For example, the 12th time in A Dream of Red Mansions: "On that day, Jia Zheng's family came home and presented their books."
Jade Bird Book: Jade Bird is a legendary god bird. Shan Hai Jing? According to the Western Mountain Classic, there are three bluebirds living on the mountain of Three Dangers. Their main task is to feed and deliver letters for the Queen Mother of the West. "Gathering of Arts and Literature" quoted the old title Ban Gu's "Hanwu Story" and said: "On July 7th, in the middle of Chenghua Dianzhai, a bluebird came from the west and gathered in front of the temple. Asked Dong Fangshuo, Shuo said,' Does the Queen Mother of the West want to come? . For a while, the Queen Mother arrived, and there were two bluebirds, such as Wu, waiting beside the Queen Mother. Later generations called the messenger "Jade Bird" or "Jade Bird Messenger" and the letter "Jade Bird Book". For example, Wang Shifu's "Four Jade Pieces" divertimento: "There is no jade bird book, and the yellow dog has a good voice. Every day, I am sick and lazy to go to the makeup table. " Li Shangyin has a famous sentence of "oh blue-birds, be listening!-Bring me what she says!".
letter
letter: the letter refers to the envelope, and a letter is called a letter. ? A book set is also called a letter. Later, I used letters to refer to letters. For example, Fu Xuan in the Jin Dynasty wrote Fu Yu: "(Cao Cao) gave Ye (that is, Ye?Liu) a confidant. Every time there is doubt, I will ask you by letter until dozens of ears a night. "
letter: also refers to letters. For example, Sun Yat-sen's "Letter to Prince Kuang": "You have to read the letter to Brother Heng and know everything."
letter, letter and letter: these three letters are self-explanatory, needless to say.
bamboo slips
Bamboo slips refer to the writing materials from the Warring States Period to the Wei and Jin Dynasties, which are long and narrow pieces of bamboo or wooden boards cut. Bamboo pieces are called Jane, and wooden boards are called letters or slips, which are collectively called Jane. These were all used as letters' appellations. Although the written materials changed later, these appellations were still used, such as Liu Zongyuan's "Answering Gong Shi Yuan and Gong Jin's Book on Official Entry": "Humiliation leads to simplicity, and it is infinite to be given." In addition, there are letters, letters, slips, letters, slips, slips, stickers, handwritten slips, handwritten notes, calligraphy slips, bamboo slips, letters and slips.
Letters: Ke Yan's Strange Letters: "So I developed this hobby: reading letters. Read all the letters that I and society allow me to read. "
Jane's book and Jane's book: these two generally refer to documents and letters. For example, Xiao Gan's "Woman without Map": "There are articles sent from Yan 'an or behind enemy lines, and there are also writers' letters reporting their whereabouts.
bamboo slips: For example, in Lu Xun's letter to Li Bingzhong, he said, "Come and signal me to write a book and then urge me to introduce it. I will write it today and attach it, but even if I meet you, I am afraid it will miss the point, and it will still be the same as not seeing it." Besides, I'm not good at simplicity, so I can't make beautiful words! "
short post: Su Shi's Ming Shu with Zhang Yuan: "Wang Lang's short post, which is suitable for the hospital, is hereby enclosed, so I'd like to tell you to stop and go."
Hand barrel, hand finish: Lu You's Notes on the Old Learning Temple says: "If you return to the court at the end of Chunxi, the court officials will communicate with each other with a small piece of paper four or five inches high and a wide foot, which is called simple hands." Hand Jane is also called hand finish, such as Er Ya? Interpretation "cloud:" Jane, that's enough. " "Tong Ya" written by Fang Yizhi in the Ming Dynasty said: "Song Zijing finished with a handwritten note." Later, letters were generally referred to as handwritten notes or handwritten notes. For example, Lu Xun's "To Xu Shoushang" wrote: "I have to finish my work on March 2 and send it to Xin Wei." "Xin" means the same as "Xin" and "Wei" is an ancient word for "comfort".
letters: such as Liang Shu? Fan Yunchuan: "And the election official, the appointment is grand, the book is full of cases, the guests are full, and the cloud answers like a stream, without any delay."
pole slips: the pole refers to bamboo slips. Pingzhou by Zhu Xi in Song Dynasty