Appreciation of Li Bai's "I heard that Wang Changling moved to Longbiao Kiln Left with this letter"
Attachment: Introduction of Lily New Year Channel, the anchor of Poetry Book.
Introduction to the platform, channel and anchor of "Poetry and Books" and the highlights shared by Lily in the past
I heard that Wang Changling moved to Long Biaoyao to the left and sent this.
Reciting, chanting and chanting are all good ways to experience the rhythm and rhythm of poetry in lamentation and singing! In chanting, you can unconsciously print the poems you have read in your mind and feel the beauty of the poems at the same time.
The entering tone characters in the picture are indicated by the small black dots in the lower right corner. Let's see if we can find all the entering words quickly. After finding all the entering tones, you can play the game of "marking": draw a horizontal line (or draw a hollow circle below) on all the entering tones, that is, the first and second tones. The meaning of this symbol is flat, but it must be noted that some words with one or two tones are actually Rusheng words, which should be marked as Rusheng words! Then draw a vertical line on all tones (or draw a solid circle below), that is, three tones, four tones and entering tone. This symbol stands for tone. If you can't label yourself, it doesn't matter. You can find every symbol representing flat tone according to the pictures I shared, and mark it on your poem according to it. But I strongly suggest that you challenge yourself and compare it with the photos.
After six periods of sharing, we left Sichuan with Li Bai's Emei Mountain Moon. In this sharing, we will continue our journey with the bright moon described by Li Bai and enter a new province-Guizhou.
Many people know that Sichuan and Chongqing were Shu and Ba countries in ancient times, so we often call them Bashu land now. But what ancient country is Guizhou? I'm afraid I can't remember it clearly. In the sharing of "Early Making Baidicheng", I mentioned that Li Bai, as a subordinate, was sentenced as "Yelang" after Li Lin was defeated in Wang Yong in the first year of Gan Yuan. Although this "Yelang" was only a county name in the Tang Dynasty, the name came from the ancient Yelang country, which mainly ruled Guizhou now.
Speaking of the name Yelang, I am afraid that the first thing that many people think of is the famous idiom "Yelang is arrogant". This idiom comes from Historical Records Biography of Southwest Yi. In BC 122, the Silk Road to the Western Regions opened by Zhang Qian was constantly harassed and blocked by Xiongnu. Zhang Qian told Emperor Wu that there were still many small countries in the southwest, so Emperor Wu sent messengers to find another way to the western regions. The emissary first arrived in Yunnan. As we know, today's Yunnan Province is called Dian for short, and Dian is an ancient country centered on Dianchi Lake in Kunming, Yunnan Province. The king of Yunnan said to the messenger, "Which is bigger, the Han Dynasty or me?" Later, the emissary went to Yelang country, and the Yelang king seemed to have discussed it with the king of Yunnan. He asked again, "Which is bigger, the Han Dynasty or my Yelang Kingdom?" The messengers of the Han Dynasty were in distress situation, because although the Dian Kingdom and Yelang Kingdom were not small, they were nothing compared with the Han Dynasty, especially their economic, political and military strength, as if a child stood with a giant. However, because Yelang and Dian did have a large sphere of influence in the local area, and the mountainous geographical environment blocked the traffic there, those small countries didn't know that there was a Han bigger than they thought beyond the mountains, so when the first envoy of the Han Dynasty arrived in Yelang, it would make a joke of "Yelang's arrogance". In Qing Dynasty, Pu Songling wrote in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio? The crimson princess used "driving a cannon car crazy cloud, so she was arrogant;" Rely on the wrath of the Wolf, diffuse to Hebo for honour. ..... ",because of the use of big coffee in the literary world, the expression" arrogance "spread like wildfire. During the Guangxu period in the late Qing Dynasty, Ceng Pu used the phrase "Hungry tigers think about fighting, arrogant yelang" in "Evil Flowers". China will be dissuaded by empty talk from other countries if it does not attack on a large scale. Where would he be willing to give in? "Vernacular novels spread more widely, and this expression was especially suitable for the people's psychology at that time. In the end, "Yelang's arrogance" evolved into an idiom, which was included in Ci Hai and various dictionaries a few years later and became a fixed expression, which swept the Chinese world and was well known to everyone. Since then, Yelang people have been despised for thousands of years because of their bad reputation of always being arrogant about a problem.
But to be honest, Yelang Wang's pot is still quite wronged. First of all, Yelang Kingdom is located in the remote southwest, with mountains, rivers and ravines. Because of the inconvenient transportation and less communication in the Central Plains, it is normal to know that it is powerful. Sima Qian also said in "Historical Records" that "the road is impassable, and each thinks that he is the master of the country and does not know the vastness of the Han Dynasty." Secondly, "Who is older than me, Han" was said by the king of Yunnan, while "Historical Records" only said "so was Hou Yelang", which means that the king of Yelang just said something similar to the king of Yunnan. Then why don't people say "Yunnan is arrogant"? This is because most Chinese idioms are four words. "Yunnan arrogance" is not as good as "Yelang arrogance", and the pronunciation is not so smooth.
In addition, if you understand the history of Yelang country, you will know that Yelang country has a certain capital and a sense of pride that "who is bigger than me".
Yelang Kingdom was the first country established by the ancestors of ethnic minorities in southwest China. Southwest China belonged to Baipudi in Xia and Shang Dynasties. Guoyu said, "Chu Fu Taizu began to open Pu", while Shiji Zhengyi said, "Pu was in the southwest of Chu". In the Warring States Period, Huayang Guozhi recorded that "King Xiang of Chu Qing sent his general Zhuang Biao back to Yuanshui, and he came out of Lan to kill the Yelang King", and that "Lan was both tough and Yelang fell again". Only then did people know that there was a Yelang country in the southwest. Zhuang Tiao conquered Yelang, and finally established Dian State near Dianchi Lake in Yunnan, and Yelang entered the period of belonging to Dian State. But not long after, Qin unified the six countries, pointing to the southwest, and soon conquered Yelang. In order to further manage this area, Qin also built a Wuchi Road in the local area.
After the demise of the Qin Dynasty, Yelang became independent. "Historical Records" records: "More than ten years old, Qin was destroyed. And Han Xing abandoned these countries. " In other words, under the environment of inaction in the early Han Dynasty, small countries in the southwest were revived in succession. In today's Guizhou region, a loose tribal alliance Yelang country composed of many small countries has been formed. It is called Yelang country precisely because it is the largest and therefore dominant. There are mainly 17 small States, which come from the same ethnic group and have the same culture. So we say Yelang, which has a broad sense and a narrow sense. Yelang in a broad sense refers to some countries in southern Sichuan and northern Yunnan, while Yelang in a narrow sense refers to these Yelang countries in Fang Guozhong. Historical records? It is clearly recorded in the Biography of Southwest Yi: "What is the monarch of Southwest Yi, Yelang is the biggest", "Yelang is near Suijiang River, and Jiangguang can sail in more than 100 steps". Suijiang River is now Beipanjiang River, which means that the core area of ancient Yelang Kingdom is located in the west of Guizhou Province. According to scholars' research, the whole Yelang's sphere of influence probably includes most of Guizhou today and parts of southern Sichuan and northeastern Yunnan. During the boom, Yelang had100000 elite soldiers.
By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, because the national strength was greatly enhanced, he turned his attention to the southern region that was independent because of the rebellion at the end of the Qin Dynasty. With the deepening of the Han Dynasty's local rule, Yelangguo, unwilling to obey the Han Dynasty's rule, commanded the allies to fight against the Han Dynasty's army. However, when the war is over or the strength of Yelang State is weakened, some small allied countries may break away and go their separate ways, while others gradually attach themselves to the Han Dynasty, and gradually establish a dual-track system with counties and countries in parallel. At the same time, the Han Dynasty moved into the Han family in large numbers to strengthen local rule. During the reign of Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, Yelang's national giant tripod grew stronger with the rebellion of the Han army, and gradually became dissatisfied with Yelang's control over himself, so war broke out between the two countries. Because King Yelang was the initiator of the war, the Han Dynasty challenged him. Yelang Wang refused to obey on his own. The Han Dynasty simply sent troops to destroy Yelang State, which ruled the local area for more than 300 years.
After a general understanding of the history of Yelang Kingdom, we may be able to understand why King Yelang had that seemingly arrogant question when he met the envoys sent by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Of course, compared with the Great Han Dynasty, Yelang Kingdom can only be regarded as a small country, but compared with other small countries in the southwest, Yelang Kingdom is the largest country known to the local people! From the standpoint of the Central Plains Dynasty, King Yelang is a little ignorant, but from the standpoint of Yelang people, this can not be called "arrogance", but a strong sense of national pride. Therefore, of course, we can still use this idiom to vividly express the arrogance of ignorant, superficial and conceited people, but we should not laugh at and belittle yelang people.
Interestingly, at the end of the 20th century, there was a farce of "robbing Yelang" in the southwest of China. Anshun, Tongzi, Liuzhi, Wangmo, Huishui, Changshun and Sandu in Guizhou Province all think that the center of Yelang is in their own administrative area today, and Xuanwei in Yunnan Province and Xinhuang in Hunan Province also think that it is in their own area. All parties can quote classics and even write a bunch of academic papers to clear their names. Some counties even want to change their names to Yelang County. On the one hand, it is because the territory and central area of Yelang Kingdom are the most controversial and controversial topics among scholars, but on the other hand, it can be said that it is all the fault of the poet!
Why do you say that? You see, although the idiom "Yelang is arrogant" is a household name, it is not a good reputation, but Yelang is the place where the poet Li Bai was exiled, although we know that Li Bai was pardoned when he went to Bai Di City in exile. Moreover, Wang Changling, a good friend of Li Bai and a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, was exiled to Yelangxi for eight years. Let's read the theme poem I shared in this issue, Li Bai's "I heard that Wang Changling moved to Longbiao Kiln and sent it here".
Let's look at this topic with people, places and things like modern news headlines.
Wang Changling, whose name was Shao Bo, was a famous frontier poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. I introduced it to you when I shared his "Out of the Frontier" before. He has deep contacts with Li Bai, Gao Shi, Wang Wei, Wang Zhihuan, Cen Can and others. His poems are famous for seven unique lines. Wang Shizhen said in Yi Yan Yuan Yan: "Shao Bo and Taibai's seven-character quatrains are all gods", so they have the reputation of "seven-character quatrains" and "poet Wang Jiangning", and they are two gems with Li Bai's seven quatrains.
"Moving to the left" means demoting officials and demoting them, which is a customary saying. In ancient times, the hierarchical system was strict, and the left and right was one of the symbols to distinguish between the superior and the inferior, which was widely implemented in various ways. The situation varies from generation to generation. In fact, the official position of the Tang dynasty was left-handed, but the literati usually followed the Han dynasty in writing poems and compositions, and they used to use "moving left" to refer to relegation.
The "Dragon Label" in the title of this poem is an ancient place name, which is obviously closely related to the "Five Rivers" and "Yelang" in the poem. Let's take a look. Longbiao, located in Xiangxi, belongs to hongjiang city under the jurisdiction of Huaihua City, Hunan Province. "Hunan Tongzhi" cloud: Longbiao old city, today Qianyang. Liangzhi County belonged to Yuanling County in Sui Dynasty and Chenzhou in early Tang Dynasty. Zhenguan eight years, for five states, five generations, for Mandy. In the Song Dynasty, Qianjiang City was established as Qianyang County in the 13th year of Yuanfeng. It's a long way, and it's a desolate place since ancient times, so it's also a place where frustrated officials are relegated. In the Tang Dynasty, Li Jifu's Yuanhe County Records quoted Jingzhou Ji as saying that "mountains and streams are blocked and people don't come and go". In the Tang Dynasty, Longbiao belonged to Wuzhou, which was located in Qianyang County, Huaihua, Hunan Province. Shui Yuan has five important tributaries in Huaihua, namely Wushui (Xiong Xi), Qushui (Manxi), Youshui (Youxi) and? Water (Wuxi) and Chenshui (Chenxi) were called "Wuling Five Rivers" in ancient times, so Huaihua has been called "Land of Five Rivers" since ancient times. This "five streams" can also refer to the upper reaches of Yuanshui River, the hinterland of Xuefeng Mountain and Wuling Mountain in southwest Hunan. This is why there are five streams in this poem.
Let's look at Yelang again. Yelang Kingdom was destroyed in the Han Dynasty, so the "Yelang" in the poem naturally does not refer to the ancient Yelang Kingdom. So where was Yelang in the Tang Dynasty? After the Han Dynasty, successive governments set up Yelang County in the ancient Yelang country and its remote areas, three times in the Tang Dynasty, twice in Guizhou and once in Hunan. "Old Tang Book Geography" contains: "In the eighth year of Zhenguan, Longbiao County in Chenzhou was divided into Wuzhou. Yelang, langxi and Sizheng counties were established in those years. ..... Talent for two years, changed to Yuanzhou, divided into Yelang and Weixi counties. In the third year, dance states were established in Chang 'an, Geyelang and Weixi counties. ..... The first year of Tianbao was changed to Tanyang County. In the first year of Gan Yuan, Wuzhou was restored. "It can be seen that Yelang in Li Bai's poems is adjacent to Longbiao, and sometimes even merged into one, in Xinhuang County, Huaihua, Hunan Province. Starting from Xinhuang, you can reach Yelang country along the dancing water. The ancients had a vague understanding of geographical location. For the Central Plains people, Xinhuang is the main road to Yelang, so it is also called Yelang.
Wang Changling's "Left-leaning" in The Biography of Literature and Art in the New Tang Dynasty is due to his "careless behavior", that is to say, he offended and demoted officials not because of any big problems, but only because of the lack of discipline in his life. In fact, it's only because we have offended Li, the notorious prime minister in history. Therefore, in Farewell to Xin Jian in Furong Inn, Wang Changling said to his friends that "Luoyang's relatives and friends are like asking each other, and there is a piece of ice in the jade pot", which is to borrow the metaphor of "the jade pot is clear in ice" in Bao Zhao's "White-headed Songs" to show its purity and innocence. Wang Changling was banished to the autumn of Tianbao in the seventh year and the late spring of Tianbao in the eighth year. After hearing the unfortunate experience of Wang Changling being demoted to Yangzhou, Li Bai wrote this poem full of sympathy and care and gave it to him from afar.
Let's enjoy this poem.
"Huayang is full, and Wendaolong crosses five streams." Huayang is catkin. Zigui is a cuckoo, also known as cuckoo. According to legend, its cry is sad. In the previous sharing, I talked about the story of Du Yuhua, King of Shu, and the cuckoo crying for blood more than once. I heard that during the mourning in Huayang, you were demoted to Captain Long Biao. Long Biao, who is far away, heard that it takes five streams to get there. In the first sentence, "Waterfall" is called "Yangzhou Hua Waterfall". Scholars have different views on whether it is "the flower of Huayang Waterfall" or "the flower of Yangzhou Waterfall". From the seasonal point of view, "falling flowers are all spring" is late spring, which is consistent with "Zigui Article". Zhu Guangqian said: "Zigui is a cuckoo, with a piercing voice and easy thinking;" Huayang's falling flowers in old poems often symbolize dispersion, so Su Shi's "Huayang Fu" in "Hidden in the Water" has the sentence "It doesn't look like a Huayang, but one thing is a drop of tears". "So the first sentence of a poet who thinks there are black spots is the sadness of Wang Changling's feelings moving to the left. However, some scholars believe that it is more reasonable to write "Yangzhou Flower Falls", and the names of places seem to be connected in series in the poem. Yangzhou, Longbiao, Wuxi and Yelang are places where poems are sent, relegated, passed by, and wild places near relegated places. Four place names are ingeniously embedded in the poem, connecting the trip of the poet's friends with the desolate and remote places where they were relegated, which is very appropriate and exquisite, just like my last issue. Moreover, the first sentence points out that Yangzhou sends poems at dusk in spring, and you can also use the loneliness of "falling flowers" and the sadness of "crying children" to set off the concern, sadness and grief of hearing friends being relegated, which may be a preconceived idea. I think it's better to say "Huayang landed" because, as Mr. Zhu Guangqian said, Huayang is a fixed intention in the poem, which gives people a sense of drift of "his family is heartless, and he flies south and north", which is in line with the situation that his friend expressed in this poem: it is better to look at the genius of a great poet like Li Bai. In the late spring scenery, the wandering little flowers and the rules calling for "it is better to go home" are occupied, and the scenery is seasonal. The feeling of wandering and the hatred of parting naturally blend into the scene, rendering a bleak and sad atmosphere.
Because the first sentence has already seen the feelings in the scenery, the next sentence tells the story directly. "Wen Daolong crosses five streams" not only points out the origin of sadness, but also shows that friends have moved into the wilderness, and the road is long and Xiu Yuan, so there is no need to be sad, but the meaning of sadness is self-evident.
Next, "I am worried about the bright moon, and I will follow you until Yelangxi." In the last issue of sharing, I talked about Li Bai's special feelings for the moon. Here, the poet expressed his deep concern for his friends and his sadness at their misfortune under the bright moon. People are separated by two places, and it is difficult to follow each other, but the bright moon shines in the sky, and thousands of miles can be * * *, so I will give my sorrow to the bright moon thousands of miles away from you, and let my heart and the bright moon accompany you to the distant and desolate Yelang River. These seemingly simple and straightforward two poems actually contain three meanings. First of all, I heard that my friend was demoted and was going to a far-off wilderness. My heart is full of care and sadness, but I have nothing to say and no one understands. I only entrust this sadness to the bright moon; The second is that mountains and rivers are thousands of miles away from friends, but the bright moon shines in two places, which can be seen by myself and friends; Third, it is said that only the bright moon can send me this sad heart and accompany you to the distant Yelang River. Through his rich imagination, Li Bai endowed the abstract "sad heart" with the property of things, pinned it on the originally ignorant and heartless moon, and turned the moon into a bosom friend, who was able and willing to accept his own demands, took his care and affection for his friends to the far west of Yelang and gave it to the unfortunate immigrant. Qing? Commenting on these two sentences in Poem Changing Notes, Li E said: "The relationship between words and heart is always fascinated by the other ear, and beauty lies in writing through the bright moon." "Taibai has ten poems and nine words for the moon." If the clear half-round "Emei Mountain Moon" in "Emei Mountain Moon Song" represents Li Bai's attachment to his hometown, then the bright moon in this song "Going to the West at Night with the King" entrusts Li Bai's deep affection for Wang Changling.
Strictly speaking, the artistic conception expressed in these two poems can't be regarded as Li Bai's original creation, which can already be seen in some famous works before Li Bai, such as Song of the Four Seasons at Midnight in the Southern Dynasties, "Looking up at the bright moon and expressing feelings thousands of miles away", and Xie Zhuang's Yuefu: "Beauty is full of sound and dust, and the bright moon is thousands of miles away. The wind will sigh and rest, and the road is long. " Zhang's "Moonlit Night on the Spring River": "I don't know each other at this time, and I hope the flowers, the moon and the moon will shine on you" are all written by poets. Li Bai's two poems can be said to inherit and carry forward the tradition of caring for the moon initiated by predecessors, but both are "shine on you is better than blue". Huang Qing Shu Can said in Notes on 300 Tang Poems: "Worrying about the country and the people" is so touching! And "I have sorrow in my heart" is more profound than "the moon shines thousands of miles away" Shen Qing-deqian also said in Tang Poetry that the meaning of "sending the bright moon to your heart and flowing into your arms" has a new meaning with a brush.
There is also a problem with the version of these two sentences, that is, "with the wind" in the last sentence is "with the king". I think "with the king" is more appropriate than "with the wind" "Sui Jun" means that the moon walks with people, and "with the wind" means that the moon is popular. Obviously, the former is more in line with human visual experience. And in the third sentence of the poem, the poet has sent the "sad heart" to the "bright moon", and the bright moon is fully capable of taking the "sad heart" away. In the fourth sentence, it is much more reasonable to "follow the king" without relying on the power of the wind. The reason why the author gave the "sad heart" to Mingyue is precisely because Mingyue can follow her friends anywhere, thus making me ". Through the words "Jun" and "Dao" in "Going to Yelang Creek with Jun", we can easily see the figure of Wang Changling trudging on the way to being demoted, while "I" entrusted the moon with my sad and missing heart and let it follow you to the place you want to go. Only in this way can the poet express his sincere concern for his friends.
I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left and Long Biaoyao had this letter, which is one of Li Bai's masterpieces. The first sentence describes the bleak scene when spring scenery disappears, and renders the environment and atmosphere sparse and sad; The second sentence is a description of Wang Changling's "Left-leaning" career, pointing out Li Bai's concern and sympathy for his friends. Three or four sentences are sent to the scene to sincerely encourage and comfort friends. The whole poem chooses the images of Huayang, Zigui and the bright moon. Although the scene of the year and the friendship with friends can't be traced back, through the description of the scenery, the friendship was sincerely and touching. Like Qing? Huang Sheng's "Don't Find Gold in Tang Poetry" says: writing scenery, narrative and expressing one's mind three or four times is also a positive example of the four wonders. Just saying sadness is less straightforward, and it is interesting if it makes no sense. There is also a famous saying of Pan Tangjia in Cui Yuan Kondo's "Li Taibai Poetry Alcohol": "The first half of the speech is already worrying; The farther away the situation is, the more worrying it is. Every sentence is accompanied by a sentence, and the heart sends the moon, and the moon is in the wind, which is wonderful. "
Li Bai wrote this poem and gave it to Wang Changling, the "Long Fu of the West Yelang". He should not have thought that he would be "a long-flowing Yelang" many years later. Although Yelang is not this Yelang, I think Yelang will think of this poem when Li Bai is demoted. I don't know how he felt at that time. The misfortune of the two great poets left us with these two poems, and also left Yelang, a remote poet at that time, with such a poetic and picturesque cultural heritage. No wonder all parts of Guizhou and Hunan will compete for this Yelang, which makes modern people yearn for it.
1. Have you ever heard the idiom "arrogance"? Can you tell the story of this idiom?
2. Have you ever heard of Yelang country? Can you tell the story of this ancient country?
3. Have you read Wang Changling's poems? Can you share a song with us?
4. Can you tell us how the poet Wang Changling was relegated?
Sending affection to the moon is a common writing technique in ancient poetry. Can you share another poem that gives love to the moon?
6. Have you heard the news that various places compete for the hometown of a celebrity or places related to celebrities?
Supplementary Notes on the Classification of Li Taibai's Poems in Yuan Edition
Tan Composition "Li Bai, the First Young Sect in Datang"
Li Changzhi's Biography of Li Bai
Two farewell poems of Li Bai by Zhu Guangqian
Zhang Qi's Time, Place and Different Languages of Li Bai's Creation
Qiuxiang change
Wang Yongxiang's finger defect
Of course, there are all kinds of Baidu ...