For example, in Wang Changling's "Song of Picking Lotus", "The lotus leaf skirt is cut in one color, and the hibiscus leaves two sides", these two sentences describe an extremely vivid beauty painting. The lotus leaf seems to be cut into a lotus skirt, and the human face blooms like a lotus. Two metaphors are used in the poem to describe the image of the lotus picking girl vividly, beautifully and chic. The poem describing Yang Guifei's "natural beauty" in Song of Eternal Sorrow: "If she only smiles back, she will never be able to recover, and her sixth house makeup will be wiped out." Because of contrast and exaggeration, this poem is not only cadence and full of music, but also vividly depicts the beautiful image of the imperial concubine. These poems become excellent sentences because the author uses various rhetorical devices to make these sentences and even the whole poem more vivid, three-dimensional, far-reaching and more infectious to readers. It is the use of various rhetorical devices that makes these poems leave a deep impression and aesthetic experience on readers.
Linguistics generally believes that rhetoric is the basic way to modify words, and rhetoric is an important means to make language expression have aesthetic effects. "Rhetoric is inseparable from language. Rhetoric is actually an attribute of language. To a large extent, without rhetoric, there would be no language. Let's talk about two big problems first.
(A) common rhetorical devices in ancient poetry
The common rhetorical devices in poetry are metaphor, personification, exaggeration, contrast, contrast, duality, truthfulness, pun and synaesthesia. Let's be specific.
First, metaphor
Metaphor is metaphor. Using something similar to another thing can be divided into simile, metaphor, metonymy, metonymy, contrast and so on. The use of metaphor can highlight the characteristics of things, make the expression more vivid, and turn abstruse abstraction into simplicity and concreteness. For example, "After the rain, the pond water surface is flat, and the mirror looks at the eaves" (Liu Ban's Pond after the Rain), and the water surface is like a mirror that has been gently polished, reflecting the eaves and poles beside the pond, thus showing the calm of the pond water surface after the rain.
Second, personification.
Personification is to write things as adults, and using personification can make the colors bright, portray the image and convey the meaning. For example, "geese attract their worries, and mountains hold the good moon" (Li Bai's "Twelve Summers Climb Yueyang Tower"), geese deliberately take away their worries for the poet, and Junshan holds the good moon for the poet, writing the poet's happy mood of exile and forgiveness. "You come to Chunshe, you go to Qiushe, and you come and go every year to move. Whispering, busy robbing, looking for Xie Wang in the spring breeze hall, the dark clothes in the alley are crooked. Xing, see more; Wu, all say "(Zhao Shan