-Difference and identification of wintersweet, red plum, Jiang Mei and Han Mei.
Huamujun
Plum blossom, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum are listed as the "four gentlemen" of flowers and trees, and they are also called "three friends of old cold" with pine and bamboo. Plum blossom, with its noble, strong and modest character, gives people the motivation to work hard. In the cold winter, plum blossoms are beautiful and open, without losing frost and snow, emitting fragrance, which has always been respected and loved by literati and has been an eternal theme for thousands of years. Yongmei, a poet, and a painter splash ink, chanting ambition with things, making use of the topic, and painting with emotion. Plum blossom was once designated as the national flower by the national government of the Republic of China in 1929, and its status can be seen.
However, many people easily confuse the specific varieties of plum blossom with other similar varieties, especially in the ancients. At present, there is no such strict botanical classification, so several varieties are often referred to as one, which is more prominent in plum blossom, such as Chimonanthus praecox, Hongmei, Jiang Mei and Han Mei, which are common in poetry and painting. In fact, these are all different varieties, belonging to the category of plum blossoms that the ancients often said. However, there are still great differences in plant classification, especially wintersweet and cold plum, which are not the same as plum blossom. Here, Huamujun will talk to you about the differences and identification of wintersweet, red plum, Jiang Mei and cold plum.
Plum blossom (scientific name: Armenian plum. ): small deciduous trees and rare shrubs of Rosaceae, which are divided into apricot, plum and so on. , height 4 4- 10/0m; Bark light gray or greenish, smooth; Branchlets are green, smooth and hairless. Leaf blade ovate or elliptic, leaf margin usually with small sharp serrations, grayish green. Flowers solitary or sometimes two peanuts in 1 bud, 2-2.5 cm in diameter, with strong fragrance, opening first and then leaves; Calyx is usually reddish brown, but some varieties of calyx are green or green purple; Petals obovate, white to pink. The fruit is nearly spherical, 2-3 cm in diameter, yellow or greenish white, pilose and sour; Mucosal nucleus; The nucleus is oval with slightly flattened sides. It blooms in winter and spring and bears fruit in May-June.
Hongmei is a kind of plum blossom and another name of plum blossom. Also known as spring plum, dried plum, red plum, red plum and green plum. Small deciduous trees, Rosaceae, Prunus. The plant height is about 10m, the trunk is brownish purple, with many longitudinal ridges and green branchlets. Leaf blade broadly ovate to ovate, margin serrate. Each node has 1~2 flowers, without stipe or short stipe. Flowers are pale pink or red, drupe is nearly spherical, with suture, yellow or green, pilose and sour. The adhesion between pulp and nucleus is not easy to separate, and the fruit matures in June-July.
Prunus armeniaca, a small deciduous tree of Prunus in Rosaceae, has brownish-purple branches with many longitudinal lines and straight or oblique branches. The leaves are pointed at the front, blunt at the base and hairy on the leaves. Flower buds are inserted in the axils of long branches, with 1~2 flowers per node, sessile or short-stalked, 1 ~ 3 cm in diameter and fragrant. Jiang Mei is a single flower with 5 petals, more than 5 petals and 6 or 7 petals, but the number is small. White or light-colored flowers. Fruit ripens from June to July.
Chimonanthus ) link. ), alias Huangmei, Jinmei and Chimonanthus praecox. A deciduous shrub of Chimonanthus of Chimonanthus of Chimonanthaceae, about 3 meters high, with single opposite leaves, elliptic, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, tapering at the apex, rounded or wedge-shaped at the base, 7- 15 cm long, entire and rough surface; Amphoteric flowers, solitary in the axils of annual branches, with short pedicels, yellow, waxy and fragrant, flowering in 65438+February-March. Chimonanthus praecox is native to Central China, and likes sunshine, but it is also slightly tolerant to shade, cold and drought, so it is called "Chimonanthus praecox that never dies after drought".
Chaenomelesspeciosa, formerly known as papaya, also known as sessile begonia, or plum blossom, is a deciduous shrub or small tree of Rosaceae and Papaya, with a height of 2-6 meters; Branches erect with short spines; Branchlets are cylindrical, slightly curved, glabrous, purple-brown, with few light brown lenticels. Leaf blade elliptic, lanceolate to obovate-lanceolate. The first leaf of the flower is open, and 2-3 flowers are clustered on biennial branches; Petals orange-red, flowers 2-4 cm in diameter; Calyx tube campanulate, glabrous or slightly pubescent outside; Sepals erect, ovoid to elliptic; Petals obovate or suborbicular, reddish or white. The fruit is ovoid or nearly cylindrical, yellow, red and fragrant. The flowering period is from March to May, and the fruiting period is from September to June.
Koons
wintersweet
Chinese plum
It can be seen from the above plant characteristics that Hongmei and Jiang Mei belong to the same kind of plum, but belong to different genera; Plum blossom and cold plum belong to the same family and different genera; Chimonanthus praecox, Prunus mume and Prunus mume do not belong to the same family.
Prunus mume varieties with branches are mostly trees with trunks, which are relatively high; Chimonanthus praecox and Prunus mume are generally shrubs, which are clustered and have inconspicuous trunk. Jiang Mei is mostly wild species, and Hongmei Garden is more common. The most obvious thing about cold plum is that it has thorns.
Plum blossom leaves alternate, Ye Guang ovate to ovate; Jiang Mei's leaves are pointed at the front, blunt at the base and hairy. The edge of red plum is serrated; The leaves of Chimonanthus praecox are opposite, nearly leathery, rectangular and entire, with rough green upper surface and smooth gray back. Plum leaves are ovate to elliptic, with sharp apex, sparse and obtuse circle, wedge-shaped to broad wedge-shaped at the base, and sharp serrations at the edge.
wintersweet
Koons
Chinese plum
The obvious color differences are wintersweet and sallow, and there are few other colors. Plum blossoms have many colors, such as white, pink, crimson and purple. Cold plum has scarlet, pink and moonlight colors. Cold plum and plum blossom are not easy to distinguish in color, but they can be distinguished from their pedicels. The pedicel of Hanmei is short, the petals are thick and slightly waxy. Plum blossom stems are slightly longer and have no wax; Hongmei is reddish, and Jiang Mei is white and red.
Red Plum
Jiang Mei
Koons
wintersweet
Chimonanthus praecox blooms the earliest, and it can bloom around New Year's Day (twelfth lunar month). Hongmei, Jiang Mei and Han Mei bloom later, usually around March.
The smell is different. Plum blossoms (Hongmei, Jiang Mei) are fragrant and elegant, and Jiang Mei is more fragrant than Hongmei; The aroma of wintersweet is stronger than that of plum. Cold plum has no fragrance.
wintersweet
plum
Begonia (Han Mei)
The receptacle of Chimonanthus praecox is nearly lignified, oval-shaped like an altar or an inverted egg, green, mature grayish brown, 2-5 cm long, 1-2.5 cm in diameter, with a contracted mouth and a drill-like lanceolate hairy appendage. The drupe of ebony and ebony is nearly spherical, with sutures, yellow or green, pilose and sour, and the pulp is not easy to separate from the drupe. Han Mei's fruit is called papaya, which is spherical or pear-shaped. When cooked, it is yellow and fragrant.
The ancient people's collective name for plum blossoms is often used to express feelings and express their aspirations with things. Plum blossoms symbolize spring, hope and happiness. In the cold winter, the branches of Chimonanthus praecox, Han Mei, Jiang Mei, Hongmei and other plants are quite similar, and they are all proud of frost and snow, so they are all said to be plum blossoms in poetry.
For example, Lu Kai, a poet in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, wrote a famous poem "To Ye Fan": "I broke the plum and gave it to the people in the faucet. Jiangnan has nothing, talk about a spring. " This is plum blossom. In the Tang Dynasty, Wang Wei's poem "You from my old country, tell me what happened there!" . When you passed my window, did the plum blossom bloom its first cold flower? ? "The cold plum inside is not plum blossom, but Chinese flowering crabapple or wintersweet. As for Lin Hejing's "Mei Wife Crane", "The thin shadow is shallow, and the thin fragrance floats at dusk. "Naturally, it is not wintersweet. Most of the plants planted in Hangzhou are Jiang Mei or red plum. However, some poets can make it clear, such as "Red Plum" written by Xu Hui, a poet in the Song Dynasty: "Jiang Mei is idle and wintersweet is sparse, and red plums are twigs. But it is always appropriate to recall the words in Dongpo's poems. "Describe the difference between these kinds of plum blossoms.
Distinguishing plum blossoms is only the identification of a variety. In fact, in poetry culture, the connotation of plum blossom is much greater, and the humanistic quality represented by plum blossom has become the spiritual symbol of the Chinese nation, which is also the significance of our love and cultivation of plum blossom.
2017-11-16 flowers are easy to get.