1. What does shooting mean in classical Chinese?
Shooting shè① Archery; shooting with a bow.
"Jiangchengzi·Mizhou Hunting": "Shoot the tiger yourself and watch Sun Lang." Also shoot with guns; use firearms to shoot.
"Sanyuanli Anti-British": "Artillery fire and rockets hit Shegongyuan one after another." ② Jet.
Bao Zhao's "Bitter Heat": "The sand in the air shoots out shadows, and the pain caused by blowing the poison causes rays of light." ③ Irradiation.
Xu Hongzu's "Diary of Chu Travels": "The light shoots down from the gap, like a hooked moon." ④ Guess; guess.
"The Drunken Old Man's Pavilion": "The joy of feasting is neither silk nor bamboo. The one who shoots hits, and the one who plays chess wins." ⑤ Pursuit; seek.
"The Biography of Shen Yue in Southern History": "Conceited about high talent, ignorant of honor and profit, taking advantage of the opportunity to shoot, quite tiring and insipid." Shooting yì ① One of the twelve rhythms of ancient Chinese music.
②The name of the bell cast by King Jing in the Spring and Autumn Period of China. 2. The pronunciation of the full text of the classical Chinese text "Lie Zi Xue She"
The pronunciation of the full text of the classical Chinese text "Lie Zi Xue She" is as follows:
liè zǐ 子 xué xue shè she, zhòng in yǐ矣, qǐng please yúyu guān Guan yǐn Yin zǐzi. yǐn Yin zǐzi yuē said: "zǐzi zhī knows zǐzi zhī's suǒ so what is zhòng in zhě?" Duì said to yuē: "fú does not know zhī yě." Guān Guan yǐn Yinzǐzi yuē said : "We can't do it." Tuì retreated and learned from zhīzhi. In the third and third years of his life, he still had ǐ to repay Guān Guān Guan Yǐn zǐzi with fire. yǐn Yin zǐzi wèn asked: "zǐzi zhī knows zǐzi zhī's suǒ, so why zhòng Zhonghū?" Lièli zǐzi yuē said: "zhī knows zhī's suǒ, why?" guān Guan yǐn Yinzǐzi yuē said : "Kě can have yě, shǒu guard ér but don't shī lose yě. fēi is not only the shè shooting yě, but it is the country's yǔ and shēn body yì and jiē are all rú like zhī. gù so sheng saint person bù does not chá check the cún to survive and perish, but chá check qí its suǒ so that it is natural."
Translation:
Liezi learned archery and hit the (bull's-eye). So (Liezi) asked Guan Yinzi for advice (on archery). Guan Yinzi asked: "Do you know the reason why you hit (the bull's eye)?" Liezi replied: "I don't know." Guan Yinzi said: "Not yet." (Liezi) went back and practiced again. Three years later, He also asked Guan Yinzi for advice. Guan Yinzi asked: "Do you know the reason why you hit (the bull's eye)?" Liezi said: "I know!" Guan Yinzi said: "Okay, (you) should keep this truth in mind and don't throw it away easily. Not only learning archery This is the case, and this should also be the case in governing the country and cultivating one's moral character. Therefore, the sage does not care about life and death, but cares about why it is like this."
Meaning:
To do things, you must not only know how to do it. Yes, and you must know why, master its laws, and understand why you can do it, then you can do better in the future. Only by consciously doing things according to rules can you truly know how to do something well. 3. What does "shooting" mean in ancient Chinese
1. Confucius talked about "ritual, music, shooting, driving, calligraphy, and mathematics", which are collectively called the "six arts". Shooting, archery; etiquette, mainly refers to moral education, "If you don't learn etiquette, you can't stand up." If you don't learn etiquette, you can't stand up and you can't be a human being. Joy does not only refer to aesthetic education; etiquette is external, and joy is internal. Music makes us love each other, etiquette makes us respect each other; music makes us the same, etiquette makes us different. Yu, driving; the two together are sports and labor; books, various historical and cultural knowledge; number, mathematics. In today's terms, it generally means the all-round development of morality, intelligence, body, beauty and labor.
2. Shefu
Shefu is the earliest drinking game. According to relevant historical records, Shefu was played by Guanren in the Wei Dynasty and Guopu in the Jin Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms. Li Shangyin of the Tang Dynasty "Li Yishan Poetry Collection· The poem "Untitled Two Poems" has the sentence "I send spring wine to warm people across the seats, and the candles cover the seats with red lamps". Volume 1 of Shenfu's "Six Chapters of a Floating Life" of the Qing Dynasty contains the sentence "Yun is not good at drinking. If she is strong enough, she can drink three cups. She is taught to shoot the cup as an order." There is also a sentence: "There is no light on the bow of the boat. Wait for the moon to drink quickly and shoot the cup." "For orders" sentence.
Shoot and cover, the person who shoots is guessing; the person who covers is covering and hiding. The early playing methods of the Shefu game mainly involved making riddles and guessing, and using pots, bowls, etc. to hide something in advance to make people guess. Both of these tricks are relatively straightforward. Later, on this basis, an indirect and tortuous language form of shooting game came into being. The method is to use connected words and sentences to imply things, making people guess. If the shooter cannot guess or guesses wrong, the guesser misjudges. If the shooter guesses, he will be fined with alcohol. Yu Dunpei's "Jiu Ling Cong Chao·Gu Ling" of the Qing Dynasty says: "However, today's wine seats are called Shefu, also known as Shediao Fu, which is not the same. The word above is carving, and the next word is Fu. Note that 'Jiu' The word '春' means the word 'spring' and the word 'jiu' make people shoot it, and the person who shoots it says a certain word, and they understand each other." This basically explains the principle of the Shefujiu Ling game.
The drink order described in the 62nd chapter of "A Dream of Red Mansions" is the same as the drink order of shooting. The shooter first uses poetry, idioms and allusions to imply a certain thing. The shooter guesses and uses another poem to metaphor the thing. , idioms and allusions to reveal the answers. For example, after Baochai and Tanchun got the right idea in rolling dice, Tanchun added the character "人" (人). Baochai said the character "人" (人) was very general, and Tanchun added the character "Window" ("Window"), two words and one word. shoot. When Baochai saw a chicken on the table, he shot Tanchun using the two codes "Chicken Window" and "Chicken Man", that is, the word "Chicken" was covered, so he shot the word "埘". When Tanchun heard about it, he knew that he was shooting, and he used the allusion of "chicken roosting in the pond". The two of them smiled, understood each other, and each took a sip of the door cup. For another example, after Li Wan and Xiu Yan got to know each other, Li Wan covered the character "樽", roughly using the allusion of "a gourd empty hanging on the wall", that is, the covered character "樽", Xiu Yan shot, The word "green" is mentioned, which is a reference to the poem "Sorrow to the green bottle". The two of them understood and each took a sip. 4. Liezi learned archery (ancient translation)
Translation: Liezi learned archery, hit the target, and asked Guan Yinzi for advice on the principles of archery. Guan Yinzi said to him: "Do you know why you can shoot?" Liezi replied: "I don't know." Guan Yinzi said: "That's not enough." " Liezi went back to practice archery hard. Three years later, he reported to Guan Yinzi again.
Guan Yinyu said: "Now, do you know why you can hit the target? Liezi replied, "I understand." Guan Yinzi said, "That's all." Hold on to the officer tightly and don't throw it away. This is not only true for archery, but also for governing the country and cultivating one's moral character. Therefore, the sage does not examine the current status of the existence of things, but focuses on examining the reasons why this situation occurs.
Original text: Zi Liezi often hit the target with his shot, so please give it to Guan Yinzi. Guan Yinzi asked: "Why does Zi Zhi hit the mark?" He replied: "You don't know." Guan Yinzi said: "Not possible." After three years of retreat, I invited him again. Guan Yinzi asked: "Why did Zi Zhi hit the mark?"
Zi Liezi said: "You know it." Guan Yinzi said: "Yes, keep it and don't lose it." It's not just shooting, it's the survival of the country. Yes, the country will perish, the body will be virtuous, and the body will be unworthy.
Source: Liezi's "Shufu Pian" written by Liezi in the early Warring States Period.
Extended information
This story reveals one of the important principles of archery: observe why. Guan Yinzi's education method is simple and direct, which is to force Liezi to figure out the meaning of "hit" and "failure", or "gain" and "loss".
It can be seen that the trust between master and disciple is very high. Finally, he was promoted again and enlightened: "It's not just shooting, it's the same for the country and the body" and "The sage doesn't care about survival, but the reason why." Everything in the world has its own laws and principles. Whoever masters the principles and laws has the initiative and can take advantage of the situation and adapt to changes.
Ignorant people are swayed by phenomena, either falling into the quagmire of unknowable mysticism, or falling into the lucky whirlpool of the gambler's world, tortured by greed and fear and unable to extricate themselves. 5. Classical Chinese translation of Hou Yi shooting the sun
The King of Xia asked Hou Yi to shoot an arrow on a one-foot-square animal hide with a one-inch diameter bullseye, and then told Hou Yi: "Shoot this, shoot If you hit, I will reward you with ten thousand taels of gold; if you miss, I will deprive you of the fiefdom you have." After hearing this, Hou Yi's face was uncertain and his breathing was tense and constricted. So Hou Yi drew his bow and shot at the target, but missed; he shot at the target again, and again The king of Xia said to his minister Fu Miren, "This is Hou Yi. His arrows are always on target. But in terms of rewards and punishments, he doesn't hit the target." Fu Miren said, "Just like Hou Yi, he is happy and fearful." It became his disaster, and ten thousand taels of gold became his disaster. If people could abandon their happiness and fear, and give up their ten thousand taels of gold, then no one in the world would be worse than Hou Yi. " (Excerpted from "Fuzi") During the reign of Yao, ten suns came out together. The scorching sun scorched the crops, destroyed the flowers, plants and trees, and the people didn't even have anything to eat when Hou Yi shot the sun. , Zhizhao, Jiuying, Dafeng, Fengxi, and Xiushe all came to harm the people. (So) Yao sent Hou Yi to eliminate the harm for the people. They went to the wilderness of the southern swamp to kill Zhezhao, and in the fierce waters of the north they killed To destroy the Nine Infants, he shot the great phoenix with an arrow tied with a silk rope in Qingqiu in the East, and shot down the nine suns. Then he killed the phoenix, cut off and repaired the snake in Dongting Lake, and captured Feng Feng in the mulberry forest in the Central Plains. Hou Yi eliminated all those disasters one by one. The people were very happy and elected Yao as emperor. (Selected from "Huainanzi"). 6. Translation of the classical Chinese text "Liezi Learns to Shoot". And tell us what kind of truth
Liezi was learning archery and accidentally hit it once. Liezi then asked Guan Yinzi for the secret of archery. Guan Yinzi Said: "Do you know how to hit the target?" Liezi said: "I don't know." Guan Yinzi said: "This is not enough." After Liezi went back, he began to practice archery again. Three years later, Liezi asked Guan Yinzi again Liezi asked for advice. Guan Yinzi said: "Do you know how to hit the bull's eye?" Liezi said: "I know!" Guan Yinzi said: "Very good, practice and master this skill well, and don't let it go to waste. Not only It is archery, and the same is true for governing the country and cultivating one's character. Therefore, the sage does not care about the results, but pays attention to understanding the whole process." When doing things, you must not only know how they are, but also know why they are the way they are and master their laws. Only by consciously doing things according to the laws can you be able to do things. Get things done...
7. There is a classical Chinese article called "shooting" in the text of Liuxia
There is "Two Classical Chinese Essays" in the text of Liuxia
"Xue Yi"
Yi Qiu, the great king of the country Those who are good at chess are also good at chess. He asked Yi Qiu to teach two people to play chess. One of them concentrated on the game, but Yi Qiu listened. Although the other listened, he thought that a swan was coming, and he wanted to help him and shot it with his bow. Even though I have learned from him, I am not as good as him. Why is he so wise? Said: Not so.
Translation: Yi Qiu is the best chess player in the country. He was asked to teach two people to play chess. One of them concentrated on listening to Yi Qiu's teachings. Although the other person was listening, he always thought that a swan was about to fly over and wanted to shoot it with a bow and arrow. In this way, although he studied with the previous person, he did not learn as well as the previous person. Can we say that this is because his intelligence is not as good as the previous one? Said: That's not the case.
"Two Children's Debate"
One son said: "I think that when the sun begins to rise, people will be closer, but when the sun is midday, people will be far away."
One son At the beginning of the day, the sun is far away, but at the middle of the day, it is close.
Yi'er said: "At the beginning of the day, it is as big as a car hood, and at midday it is like a pan. Isn't this why the far one is small and the near one is big?"
Yi'er said : "At the beginning of the day, Cang (cāng) is cool and cool, and in the middle of the day, it is like exploring the soup. Isn't it hot for those who are close and cool for those who are far away?"
Confucius can't decide.
The two children laughed and said: "Who (shú) knows (zhì) for you (rǔ)?"
Translation: When Confucius went to the East to study, he saw two children While they were arguing, Confucius asked them the reason for their argument.
One child said: "I think the sun is close to people when it first rises, and is far away from people at noon."
Another child thought that the sun is far away when it first rises. People are far away, but people are close at noon.
The first child said: "When the sun just rises, it looks like a big round hood, but when it reaches noon, it looks like a plate. Isn't this small in the distance and big in the distance?"
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Another child said: "When the sun first rises, it feels very refreshing and cool. At noon, it is as hot as putting your hand into hot water. Isn't it hot when you are close and cool when you are far? ? ”
Confucius could not judge whether the two children were right or wrong.
The two children smiled and said: "Who said you are knowledgeable?"