Concubine Yang, her real name is Yang Yuhuan. With gorgeous appearance, good at singing and dancing, and good at music, he was a court musician and dancer in the Tang Dynasty. Her musical talent was rarely seen among concubines in the past dynasties, and she was praised by later generations as one of the four beauties in ancient China. She first became Princess Li Hao, the son of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. After being ordered to become a monk, she was canonized as a noble concubine by her father-in-law, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. In the fifteenth year of Tianbao (756), Anlushan launched a rebellion and followed Li Longji into exile in Shu. They passed through Maweiyi. Yang Yuhuan died in the rebellion in Maweiyi on June 14th, and his incense disappeared.
Image of Concubine Yang
She is one of the four beauties in ancient China. She is like a fish and a geese. The shy flower in "The Shy Flower" refers to Concubine Yang's famous smile. Nowadays Concubine Yang is already a well-known beauty in China. Her legendary life inspired the talents of countless poets and literati, who composed poems and poems for her. Du Fu's poem "Ai Jiangtou": "Where are the bright eyes and white teeth now? The blood-stained wandering souls cannot return. The flowing swords in the east of the Qing Dynasty are deep, and there is no news of each other. Life is full of love and tears, how can the river flowers and river grass be the ultimate!", described by Bai Juyi She "smoothly washes away the fat with the hot spring water", "looks back and smiles with all her beauty, the pink and white in the sixth palace are colorless". Li Bai's "Qing Ping Diao" said that her clouds were like her clothes, her flowers were like her face, and the spring breeze was blowing the threshold and the dew was thick. "However, what is the fate of this beautiful and fragrant beauty? Historical records record that in June of the fifteenth year of Tianbao (756 AD), Luoyang fell and Tongguan fell. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fled in embarrassment with his ministers, and his beloved concubine Concubine Yang died in Maweiyi. However, there is a huge difference between the literati's Fu Yong and the historian's account. Therefore, there are still many questions about Yang Guifei's final destination. One view is that Yang Yuhuan may have died in a Buddhist hall.
The Biography of Concubine Yang Guifei in the Old Book of Tang Dynasty records: After the Forbidden Army general Chen Xuanli and others killed Yang Guozhong and his son, they strongly demanded that Yang Yuhuan be given death on the grounds that "the troubles still exist". Tang Xuanzong had no choice but to say goodbye to the concubine. Later, she had no choice but to hang herself in the Buddhist chamber. Some people also believe that she may have died in the rebellion. This can be seen from the description in some Tang poems: Many poems such as "The fallen feather forest gun", Zhang You's "Blood buried the concubine Yan", Wen Tingyun's "The returning soul is unexplained, the green smoke is extinguished, the blood is buried in the sky and the green grass grows sorrowful", etc., all believe that Yang Guifei was killed by the rebel army in Maweiyi , instead of being forced to hang to death. Some people say that there are other possibilities for Yang Guifei's death. For example, some people say that she actually died by swallowing gold. This theory only appears in the poem "Ma Wei Xing" written by Liu Yuxi. There is a theory that Concubine Yang did not die in Mawei Station, but was demoted to a commoner and devolved to the people. Mr. Yu Pingbo wrote about Bai Juyi's "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" and Chen Hong's "Biography of Everlasting Sorrow" in "On Poetry, Ci and Music". He himself believed that the original meaning of Bai Juyi's "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" and Chen Hong's "The Story of Everlasting Sorrow" contained another meaning. There is also a theory that Yang Guifei finally fled to Japan in 1984. In the fifth issue of "Cong", an article translated by Zhang Lian from the Japanese "Stories from China" said that the person who was hanged to death in Maweiyi was a maid. Chen Xuanli, the general of the imperial army, was attracted by the beauty of the imperial concubine and could not bear to kill her, so he married Gao Lishi. The concubine Yang Guifei was escorted by Chen Xuanli's cronies and fled south. She sailed to the sea near present-day Shanghai, wandered on the sea, and finally lived in Japan for the rest of her life. How, it is still difficult to explain.
To summarize the above general statements, there are the following four theories about the mystery of Yang Guifei’s life and death:
One of the mysteries of Yang Guifei’s life and death. : Died in Maweipo
In the fourteenth year of Tianbao (755 AD), An Lushan, the governor of Fanyang, Pinglu and Hedong towns, rebelled in the name of Qingjun and against Yang Guozhong. Refers to Chang'an. The following year, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fled to Shuzhong (today's Chengdu, Sichuan) with Concubine Yang and Concubine Yang. When passing through Maweiyi (today's west of Xingping City, Shaanxi Province), the sergeants of the Imperial Army led by Chen Xuanli unanimously demanded that Yang Guozhong and Concubine Yang be executed. , then mutinied and killed Yang Guozhong with random swords.
Tang Xuanzong said that the imperial concubine should be punished for rebellion. However, the imperial concubine was innocent and wanted to be pardoned. However, the soldiers of the imperial army believed that the imperial concubine was a disaster for the country and the Anshi Rebellion. Because of the imperial concubine, it was difficult to comfort the troops and boost their morale, so they continued to surround the emperor. In order to protect himself, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty had no choice but to kill Concubine Yang Guifei and was given Bai Ling. One of them was hanged under the pear tree in the Buddhist hall at the age of thirty-eight. This is the allusion of "the six armies were helpless without sending a move, and died in front of the majestic eyebrows" in Bai Juyi's "Song of Everlasting Sorrow".
The second mystery of Yang Guifei’s life and death: died in the Buddhist hall
Some people say that Yang Yuhuan may have died in the Buddhist hall. "The Biography of Concubine Yang in the Old Book of Tang Dynasty" records: After the Forbidden Army general Chen Xuanli and others killed Yang Guozhong and his son, he believed that "the thieves are still there" and requested to kill Concubine Yang again to avoid future troubles. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty had no choice but to say goodbye to his imperial concubine and "hanged himself in the Buddhist chamber." "Zizhi Tongjian Tang Ji" records: Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered the eunuch Gao Lishi to take Concubine Yang to the Buddhist hall and hang her to death. "Supplement to the History of the Tang Dynasty" records: Gao Lishi hanged Concubine Yang to death under the pear tree in the Buddhist hall. Chen Hong's "The Song of Everlasting Regret" records: Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty knew that Yang Guifei was bound to die, but he couldn't bear to see her death, so he had people take her away. She "went about in a hurry and died under the ruler". "Yang Taizhen Gaiden" written by Yue Shi records: When Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty bid farewell to Concubine Yang, she "begged for her face and paid homage to the Buddha." Gao Lishi then hanged the imperial concubine under the pear tree in front of the Buddhist hall.
Mr. Chen Yinke pointed out in the "Yuanbai Poetry Notes and Notes": "What can be noted is that the music history said that the concubine hanged and died under the pear tree, which may be influenced by the Xiangshan (Bai Juyi) sentence "A pear blossom brings rain in spring." Guo'er, that's ridiculous." Yue Shi's statement comes from "Supplement to the History of the Tang Dynasty", while Li Zhao's statement is probably influenced by "Song of Everlasting Sorrow".
The third mystery of Yang Guifei’s life and death: died in the rebellion
Yang Guifei may also have died in the rebellion. This theory is mainly found in some descriptions in Tang poetry. In the second year of Zhide (757 AD), Du Fu composed a poem "Aijiangtou" in Chang'an, which was occupied by Anlu Mountain. There is a line in it, "Where are the bright eyes and white teeth now? The blood-stained soul cannot return", implying that Concubine Yang is not He was hanged to death in Mawei Station, because there would be no blood in hanging. Li Yi's Qijue "Guo Mawei" and Qilu "Guo Mawei Two Poems" include poems such as "I asked you to wash the lotus blood" and "Taizhen's blood stained the horse's hooves", which also reflects that Concubine Yang was killed by the rebel army. , the scene of death by weapons. Du Mu's "Thirty Rhymes of Huaqing Palace" has "the blood of Mawei is shouting, and Yulin's spears are scattered"; Zhang You's "Huaqing Palace and Shesheren" has "the concubine's beauty is buried in blood"; Wen Tingyun's "Mawei Station" has "unexamined returns" Poems such as "The smoke is extinguished, and the green grass is filled with sorrow when buried in blood." It is also believed that Concubine Yang's blood splashed in Mawei Station and she was not hanged to death.
The fourth mystery of Concubine Yang’s life and death: Died by swallowing gold
There are other possibilities for Concubine Yang’s death. For example, some people say that she died by swallowing gold. This statement is only found in the poem "Ma Wei Xing" used by Liu Yuxi. Liu's poem once wrote: "The windy road in the green fields, the yellow dust and horses walking wildly, the Yang noble people on the roadside, the tombs are three or four feet high. When I asked the children in the house, they all said that it was fortunate that during the Shu period, the military lords punished the tyrants, and the emperor abandoned them. Enchantress. The nobles are holding the emperor's clothes, turning their beautiful eyes. The wind and the sun are like the sky. The nobles are drinking gold dust, and they are wearing apricot pills all their lives. "From this poem. It seems that Concubine Yang died by swallowing gold. Mr. Chen Yinke was quite curious about this statement and made a textual research in "Yuanbai Poems and Notes". Chen suspected that Liu's poem "nobles drink gold chips" was derived from "Li'erzhong", so it was different from other theories. However, Chen did not rule out that Concubine Yang might have swallowed gold before she was hanged to death, so this theory was spread in "Li'erzhong".