1, alias said. Guo Moruo thinks that it is a problem that "the name is right and the word is fine" in Li Sao. He said in "A Study of Qu Yuan": "If Qu Yuan himself said his name, why didn't he say his original name? In the old society, people thought it was the nickname and fine print of Qu Yuan. I think this explanation is also quite difficult. In my opinion, I think convention and spirit are the pen names of Qu Yuan. " He also said: "It is a common practice to use pseudonyms in literary works at all times and in all countries. Qu Yuan was the first person in China to invent this example. "
2. Anonymity theory. In the Qing Dynasty, Wang Fuzhi thought in the General Theory of Chu Ci: "Flat is right; It turns out that the land is good, even. Nature is to hide its name and take its meaning. " "Anonymous" here means that the names of Qu Ping and Qu Yuan have hidden regular and spiritual meanings. Jiang Liangfu said: "Ping is the word of Libra, which means standard. The spirit is beautiful. Even number, equal to "?" Harada or something. ..... The law is flat and the spirit is original. In Lisao Hui Ding, Wang Bangcai in Qing Dynasty explained to Qu Yuan the reasons for anonymity and anonymity: "Ah, husband, there have been disasters since ancient times! "Regularity" hides its name and "Ling Jun" hides its words. Husband doesn't care about ridicule? " Qu Yuan didn't tell his real name directly in order to remain anonymous and avoid disaster.
3. Tell a riddle. In Qu Yuan, You Guoen thinks that Qu Yuan's "regularity" and "spiritual equality" are "setting puzzles to teach people to guess. Because Li Sao uses metaphors and metaphors. If this place simply says' the name is flatter and the words are more original', it is not only too straightforward, but also the words will not be adjusted. " For example, during the Warring States period, many people made their names look like Zhuangzi's works, but there were many obscure meanings, so it can be said for sure that "Zheng" and "Spiritual Average" were not Qu Yuan's names.
4. Metaphor theory. Song Zhuxi said in "Notes on Chu Ci": "Gao Ping said the original, hence the name Ping, and the original word. Both the law and the spirit interpret their meaning and think that they are beautiful. " Song Hongxingzu said in the Supplement to Songs of the South: "Regularity is the meaning of the name, and God is the original meaning of the word." Everyone thinks that "regularity" and "spiritual average" are metaphors of "equality" and "yuan" Wang Yi's "Songs of the South" explains: "Justice is fair; Then, the law also; Spirit, god also; Uniform and adjustable. Nothing can be justified like heaven; There is no better way for balanced development than land. It used to mean Gao Ping, so my father Boyong named me Hirata, and the word I used to be. It is said that you can go to Angu to support the people. " What he means is that "regularity" and "spiritual equality" imply a certain meaning, that is, peace is a symbol of heaven, and it is originally a symbol of the earth. Mao Qing, Poet Nirvana? Qu Yuan and his poem said, "Regular and Ling Jun are argots, implying Ping Yuan, not Qu Yuan's real name. "
5, nickname said. Lai Zhenzi of Yongqing, Ma Song, said: "Regular and clever, its fine print and posthumous title." Ma Yongqing also quoted the nickname "Dog Son" of Sima Xiangru when he was young. In the Qing Dynasty, Jiang Ji also followed this theory in the Notes on the Songs of Chu in Shanting. You Guoen refuted this statement in Li Sao Bian Yi. He said: "This is a guess. Posthumous title flourished in Han Dynasty and Six Dynasties. I have never heard of it, and the so-called unbelievers have no levy. " Chu Binjie said in The Essentials of Songs of the South: "In fact,' Zheng' and' Ling Jun' are not nicknames at all, which is purely speculation."
6, pen name said. This theory began with Sun Zuoyun. He said in the preface to the Theory of Evolution: "Qu Yuan's surname is Qu. The name is flat, the word is correct, the pen name is regular, and the spirit is average. China people have a pen name, which probably started with him. " Sun Zuoyun himself said "probably", which means that it is a speculation or a hypothesis. So this statement is not accurate.
7, fable said. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Chenyu said in Notes on Songs of the South: "It is another fable to speak for God instead of names." This theory is similar to Zhu's metaphor theory.
Qu Yuan
China was a great patriotic poet in ancient times. Han nationality, a native of Danyang, Chu, has a flat name and an original word. During the Warring States Period, Chu was born into a noble family, worked as a doctor and was a disciple in charge of internal affairs and foreign affairs. In 278 BC, General Bai Qi of the State of Qin attacked the capital of Chu in one fell swoop. Qu Yuan, who was concerned about his country and people, committed suicide in Shi Huai, on the Guluo River near Changsha. It is said that the Dragon Boat Festival is the anniversary of his death. He wrote many immortal poems, became the founder of China's ancient romantic poetry, and created a new poetry genre-Chu Ci on the basis of Chu folk songs. The style of "Chu Ci" initiated by him is unique in the history of China literature, and it is also called "coquettish" with the Book of Songs, which has had a positive impact on later poetry creation.
Creative rationality
Qu Yuan is rich in knowledge and has lofty ideals. He advocated amending the law internally and employing people externally. The die-hards in the aristocratic group of Chu constantly attacked and excluded Qu Yuan, making it impossible to realize his political ideal of fighting for it all his life. He used poetry to pour out his sad thoughts and lingering emotions.
As for the creation background of Li Sao, one of the focuses of debate is whether Li Sao was written when Qu Yuan was alienated by Chu Huaiwang or when Qu Yuan was exiled. According to Records of Historical Records and Biographies of Qu Yuan, the young and promising Qu Yuan was slandered by his colleague Shangguan Doctor and was alienated by Chu Huaiwang. He wrote Li Sao with sadness and meditation. The preface to Historical Records Taishi Gong said: "Qu Yuan was demoted and wrote Li Sao." It is also said in Baoren An Shu: "Qu Yuan was exiled, but he was endowed with Li Sao." Sima Qian's account of the same incident is obviously contradictory.
Due to the lack of reliable historical materials, finding evidence from Lisao itself is a good way to solve this problem. There is such a line in the poem: "If we are different, I will die far away." Self-neglect refers to a positive attitude, not being released. Others suspect that it was written after Qu Yuan was exiled, because there is a sentence in the poem "Qu Yuan and Zheng Xi in southern Hunan", but this is not credible. Because the second half of Li Sao is full of travel in the poet's imagination, it is not true to "send a message to the south of Hunan".
In a word, The Biography of Qu Yuan in Historical Records is credible, that is, Li Sao was written by Qu Yuan when he was alienated by Chu Huaiwang, and it was a political lyric poem written by Qu Yuan according to the political reality of Chu State and his own grievances. However, The Preface of Historical Records Taishi Gong and To Ren An Shu are lyrical words, or they may be disloyal to historical facts when writing.