Wen Yiduo (November 24, 1899 - July 15, 1946), Han nationality, originally named Wen Jiahua, also known as Duo, Yiduo and Yiduo, with the courtesy names Yousan and Youshan. A great modern Chinese patriot, a staunch democracy fighter, an early leader of the China Democratic League, a close friend of the Communist Party of China, a poet, a scholar, and a democracy fighter. A representative poet of the Crescent School, his works are mainly included in "The Complete Works of Wen Yiduo".
Wen Yiduo’s famous sayings
1. We should only sympathize with slaves, and especially respect slaves who resist. 2. The individual to society is equal to the cells of the body. For a person to be healthy, it goes without saying that every cell must be healthy. 3. You can create as much happiness as you can to fill up your time, but how about clinging to time to accompany your happiness? 4． I love China not only because it is my motherland, but especially because it is a country with such a lovely culture.
His original name was Wen Jiahua. He was born in Qishui County, Hubei Province (now Xishui County, Huanggang City, Hubei Province) on October 22, the 25th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (November 24, 1899). A scholarly family in Wenjiapu, Hezhen. He was admitted to Tsinghua University in 1912. He likes to read ancient Chinese poetry collections, poetry talks, history books, notes, etc. In 1916, he began to publish a series of reading notes in "Tsinghua Weekly", collectively called "February Lu Comics". At the same time, he wrote old style poems. During the May 4th Movement in 1919, he actively participated in the student movement and represented the school at the National Student Federation Conference (Shanghai). In April 1920, he published his first vernacular article "The Passenger-Style Student". In September of the same year, he published his first new poem "West Bank". In November 1921, he initiated the establishment of the Tsinghua Literature Society with Liang Shiqiu and others. In March of the following year, he wrote "Research on the Basics of Rhymed Poetry" and began to systematically study the metrical theory of new poetry. In July 1922, he went to the United States to study at the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts. At the end of the year, "Winter Night Cao'er Review" co-authored with Liang Shiqiu was published, which represented Wen Yiduo's early views on new poetry. In 1923, he published his first collection of poems, "Red Candle," which exemplarily combined anti-imperialist and patriotic themes with the form of aestheticism. After returning to China in May 1925, he successively served as the fourth National Sun Yat-sen University (renamed Central University in 1928 and National Nanjing University in 1949), Wuhan University (he served as the first dean of the School of Liberal Arts and designed the school emblem), National Shandong University, Tsinghua University He is a professor at the University and Southwest Associated University. He once served as the dean of the Beijing Art College, the director of the Foreign Languages ??Department of the Fourth Sun Yat-sen University in Nanjing, the dean of literature at Wuhan University, and the dean of literature at Shandong University. Published the book "The Complete Works of Wen Yiduo". In 1928, he published his second collection of poems, "Dead Water," which showed his deep patriotism amid decadence. Since then, he has devoted himself to the study of classical literature. The compilation and study of the four major ancient books, "The Book of Changes", "The Book of Songs", "Zhuangzi" and "Chu Ci", were later compiled into "The New Meaning of Classics", which Guo Moruo called "unprecedented and unprecedented". When the Anti-Japanese War began in 1937, he taught at the Southwest Associated University in Kunming. During the eight years of the Anti-Japanese War, he grew a beard and vowed not to shave it off until he won the Anti-Japanese War, expressing his determination to fight to the end. During the Southwest United Congress, especially after 1943, Wen Yiduo, under the influence and leadership of the Communist Party of China, actively participated in the struggle against the dictatorship of the Kuomintang regime and for people's democracy. In 1944, he participated in the Southwest Cultural Research Association and later joined the China Democratic League. Since then, he has actively participated in social and political activities as a professor of democracy and leader of the Yunnan Branch of the Democratic League, and has become a mentor and friend who is loved and respected by the revolutionary youth. During the "December 1" student patriotic movement, Wen Yiduo always stood on the side of the patriotic students, guiding and encouraging them to dare to fight and be good at fighting, and made important contributions to the victory of the "December 1" movement. In 1945, Wen Yiduo was a member of the China Democratic League, head of Yunnan Province, and president of Kunming's "Democracy Weekly". On June 18, 1946, he signed the "Declaration of Protesting the U.S. Support for Japan Policy and Refuse to Receive U.S. Aid Flour". The declaration stated: “In order to oppose the U.S. government’s pro-Japanese policy, to protest against the slander and insult of the Chinese people by U.S. Consul General Capold in Shanghai and U.S. Ambassador to China Leighton Stuart, and to show the dignity and integrity of the Chinese people, we categorically reject the U.S.’s All charity materials of a soulful nature, whether purchased or given. The following colleagues refused to buy the US aid affordable flour and unanimously returned the purchase certificate. Wen Yiduo endured this at a meeting to commemorate Mr. Li Gongpu on July 15. Despite the torture caused by days of hunger, he delivered the famous "Last Speech" and was killed by Kuomintang agents that afternoon. On the 21st, the Southwest Associated University Alumni Association held a memorial service for Mr. Wen Yiduo. Zhu Ziqing attended and spoke. He said excitedly at the beginning: Mr. Wen Yiduo showed the heroic spirit of our nation and aroused the sympathy of the people across the country. This is a great loss for the democratic movement and a great loss for Chinese academics. Then, he described Wen Yiduo’s great academic contribution in detail. First of all, tell people that Wen Yiduo was "the only new patriotic poet" in China before the Anti-Japanese War, "he was also the one who created the new rhythm of poetry", "he created his own poetic language and created his own prose language". He also introduced in detail Wen Yiduo's achievements in research on mythology, "Chu Ci", "Zhouyi", "Book of Songs" and other aspects.
He highlighted Wen Yiduo's great academic achievements, and his purpose was to tell people what a valuable scholar the Kuomintang reactionaries and US imperialism had destroyed, and how rare talents in the Chinese academic community had been destroyed! It aroused greater resentment against the enemy. He secretly made up his mind to organize and publish all Wen Yiduo's works. This was a way to fight against the enemy. He wrote to his student Wang Yao: The death of Mr. Yiduo is sad and infuriating. His posthumous manuscript is planned to be compiled by colleagues from the institute and try to be printed. Later, it was compiled into four volumes of "The Complete Works of Wen Yiduo". Wen Yiduo, who had just arrived in Kunming, devoted himself to studying the Book of Songs and ancient mythology without asking about current affairs. He was jokingly called "Mr. Why not go downstairs". After the Japanese army captured Changsha, Zhengzhou, they continued to attack Guiyang. The situation in Kunming was very critical. Wen Yiduo was very dissatisfied with the National Government's passive resistance to Japan and began to participate in lectures organized by student organizations. Wen Yiduo, who was very good at speaking, was very popular among students and was extremely popular. This greatly encouraged the anti-Japanese upsurge in Kunming. Wen Yiduo also joined the democratic movement to transform the one-party dictatorship of the Kuomintang. He was extremely hated by the Kuomintang. However, because Long Yun, Chairman of Yunnan Province, supported the democratic movement, the Kuomintang government had no choice but to exclude Wen Yiduo and others. . ? In 1945, Japan surrendered, and Peking University, Tsinghua University, and Nankai University demobilized and went north. Wen Yiduo, who had already joined the Democratic Alliance, was elected as the propaganda director of the Kunming branch and chaired the "Democracy Weekly". The Kuomintang government took advantage of the surrender of the Japanese army and transferred Long Yun's troops to Hanoi, Vietnam. Unknown to Long Yun, the Kuomintang's Fifth Army and Du Yuming's troops marched into Kunming, surrounded the provincial government, and forced Long Yun to move north to Chongqing to take up idle duties. The Kuomintang military reunification agents took control of Kunming and began to persecute progressive celebrities who called for democracy. Zhu Ziqing once wrote a poem praising Wen Yiduo: You are a ball of fire, shining through the abyss; instructing young people to catch themselves in despair. You are a fire that illuminates the ancient times; you are as powerful as a tiger in singing, dancing and competing. You are a fire that lights up the devil; burns yourself! A new China bursts out of the ashes! Wen Yiduo's poems have extremely strong national consciousness and national temperament. The spirit of patriotism runs through all his poems and becomes the keynote of his poetry creation. As early as when he was a student at Tsinghua University, he successfully used traditional Chinese poetry themes and image vocabulary to sing his ideals and love in poems such as "The Death of Li Bai" and "The Soul of the Red Lotus". Famous poems such as "Ode to the Sun", "Laundry Song", "Lone Wild Goose" and "Recalling the Chrysanthemum" written while studying in the United States express his contempt for imperialist "civilization" and his longing for the motherland. In the early days of his return to China, his poems such as "Prayer", "Patriotism", "One Sentence", "I am Chinese", "Song of the Seven Sons", etc., expressed the poet's national pride with fiery emotions, complete images and harmonious melody. The poems written during the "Dead Water" period had a wider range of themes and deeper thoughts than previous works, and were further in touch with the reality of Chinese society. Poems such as "Spring Scenery" and "Desolate Village" are full of sympathy for the working people who are suffering from the misfortune of the warlords; poems such as "Condolences - Commemorating the Tragedy of March 18", "Tiananmen" and "Bullying" directly express the The pen points to the atrocities committed by the Beiyang warlords. In the poem "Discovery", the poet was confused and uneasy when faced with the reality of warlords fighting, invasion by foreign powers, broken mountains and rivers, and people living in dire straits. He "asked the sky and forced the wind from all directions", but "always asked for no news." . These poems by Wen Yiduo developed the patriotic tradition in the creations of Qu Yuan and Du Fu, and have a distinct sense of the times and the nature of social criticism. "Song of the Seven Sons" is a group of poems composed by Mr. Wen Yiduo while studying in the United States in March 1925. There are seven poems in total. They are "Macau", "Hong Kong", "Taiwan", "Weihaiwei", "Guangzhou Bay", "Kowloon", and "Lushun, Dalian". Among them, three poems, "Macau", "Hong Kong" and "Taiwan", were selected into the second volume of Beijing Normal University's fourth-grade Chinese textbook. Wen Yiduo's poems are the practice of his artistic ideas. Most of his poems are like oil paintings with heavy colors. He not only likes to use thick brushstrokes to depict images and exaggerate the atmosphere, but is also good at changing various moods and colors in bold imagination and novel metaphors, coupled with harmonious The beautiful artistic framework of syllables and neat verses makes his poems a complete work of art. But sometimes due to deliberate carving, the brilliance of simplicity and natural beauty is lost. Wen Yiduo's poems created a new genre of metrical poetry and influenced many rising poets. He is the author of "Textual Research on the Cen Jiazhou System", "Kang Zhai's Poetry", "Heaven's Questions about the Sky", "Shi Xintai Hongzi Theory", "Analysis of the Legend of the Goddess in the High Tang Dynasty", "Li Sao Exegesis" and "The Fragments of Chu Ci Yin in the Old Dunhuang Notes". "Postscript", "The New Meaning of the Book of Songs Ernan" and "Shi Zhu", etc., and the "Complete Works of Wen Yiduo" has been published. Wen Yiduo was "drunk with books". On Wen Yiduo's wedding day, relatives and friends came to congratulate him one after another. It had been a long time since the groom had been seen. Everyone thought he had gone to get dressed. When the wedding sedan arrived home, people found him in the study. It turned out that he was still wearing an old robe and reading. Family members say he gets "drunk" whenever he reads.
("Application Writing" (Monthly) 2003 Issue 1, Page 63) Wen Yiduo's anthology "Winter Night Cao'er Commentary" co-authored with Liang Shiqiu, 1922, Tsinghua Literature Society "Red Candle" (poem collection) 1923, Shanghai Taidong Book Company; 1981, People's Literature Publishing House, "Dead Water" (Collection of Poems), 1928, Shanghai Crescent Bookstore; 1980, People's Literature Publishing House, "The Complete Works of Wen Yiduo" (1 to 4 volumes), 1948 Years, Shanghai Kaiming Bookstore; 1982, "Selected Works of Wen Yiduo" by Sanlian Publishing House, 1951, "Selected Works of Wen Yiduo" by Shanghai Kaiming Bookstore, 1955, "Selected Works of Wen Yiduo's Youth Times" by People's Literature Publishing House, 1983 , Yunnan People's Publishing House "Wen Yiduo on New Poetry" (review) 1985, Wuhan University Press "Chu Ci Supplement" (classical literature research) 1942, Chongqing National Book Publishing House "Myth and Poetry" (classical literature research) ) 1956, Ancient Books Publishing House "New Meaning of Classics" (volumes 1 and 2, Classical Literature Research) 1956, Ancient Books Publishing House "Tang Poetry Miscellanies" (Classical Literature Research) 1956, Ancient Books Publishing House "Wen Yiduo on Classical Literature" 1984 In 1985, "The Exegesis of Li Sao" (Study of Classical Literature) published by Chongqing Publishing House, and "Mr. Wen Yiduo's Sayings and Doings" written by Zang Kejia of Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House was compiled and selected into junior high school Chinese textbooks. In 2009, the movie "Jianguo" was In "The Great Cause", Wu Gang plays Wen Yiduo.
[Edit this paragraph] "The Last Speech"
Mr. Wen Yiduo In the past few days, everyone knows that the most despicable and shameless thing in history has happened in Kunming! Mr. Li (Li Gongpu) was killed by Kuomintang agents in Kunming on July 11, 1946. What crime did he commit to deserve this murder? He only uses his pen to write articles and his mouth to speak, and what he writes and speaks are nothing more than the words of a Chinese who has not lost his conscience! Everyone has a pen and a mouth, so why should they use it to talk about it? Tell us the facts! (Excited voice) Why do you want to fight and kill, but you don’t dare to fight and kill in an open and honest manner, but why do you assassinate secretly? (Applause) What is this? (Applause) Are there any spies here today? You stand up! It's a hero who stands up! Come out and tell me why you killed Mr. Li Gongpu? (Stern, applause enthusiastically) He killed people, but he didn’t dare to admit it, and he still wanted to slander people, saying something about a “peach incident”; saying that the Communist Party killed the Communist Party, how shameless! Shameless! ! (Warm applause) This is the shamelessness of a certain group (the Kuomintang reactionaries), but it happens to be the glory of Mr. Li. Mr. Li's assassination in Kunming is the glory that Mr. Li left to Kunming! It is also the glory of Kunming people! (Applause) Last year on December 1, young students in Kunming were massacred for opposing the civil war. That was a generation of young people who sacrificed their most precious lives! Now that Mr. Li was assassinated by the reactionaries in order to fight for democracy and peace, we can be proud to say that this is an older generation like me, our old comrade-in-arms, who sacrificed his most precious life! These two incidents happened in Kunming. This is Kunming’s infinite glory! (Warm applause) After the news came out that the reactionaries had assassinated Mr. Li, everyone was filled with grief, anger and hatred. I thought to myself, these shameless things, I wonder what they think, what their mental state is, and how their hearts grow! (Thumping the table) In fact, it is very simple. They are so crazy to create terror because they themselves are panicking! I'm scared! So when they create terror, they are actually terrorizing themselves! Agents, think about it, how many days do you have? You are done, almost done! Do you think that just by injuring a few and killing a few, you can end the problem and scare the people? In fact, the vast number of people cannot be beaten or killed! If this were possible, there would be no one left in the world. If you kill one Li Gongpu, millions of Li Gongpu will stand up! You will lose millions of people! Do you see that we have few people and no strength? Let me tell you, our power is very great and very strong! Look at these people here today, they are all our people and our strength! In addition, there are also the general public! We have this confidence: the power of the people will win, and the truth will always exist. There is no anti-people force in history that has not been destroyed by the people! Didn’t Hitler and Mussolini both fall in front of the people? Look at history and see how long you can still stand! You are done, almost done! Our light is about to appear. We see, the light is right in front of us, and now is the darkest time before dawn. We have the power to break this darkness and fight for the light! Our light is the doom of the reactionaries! (Applause warmly) Mr. Li’s blood will not be shed in vain! Mr. Li lost his life, and we have to pay a price. The four martyrs of "December 1" fell, and the blood of the young soldiers was exchanged for the convening of the Political Consultative Conference; now Mr. Li has fallen, and his blood must be exchanged for the reopening of the CPPCC! (Warm applause) We have this confidence! (Applause) "December 1" is the glory of Kunming and the glory of the people of Yunnan. Yunnan has a glorious history, as far back as the Huguo War (referring to the Huguo War). (In October 1915, Beiyang warlord Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor, arousing opposition across the country.
On December 25 of the same year, Yunnan first declared independence, and under the leadership of Cai E and others, organized the National Defense Army to attack Yuan Shikai. Needless to say, recent ones such as "December 1" belong to the people of Yunnan. We must carry forward Yunnan’s glorious history! (The audience expressed acceptance). The reactionaries are sowing dissension and are despicable and shameless. You see the General Assembly (abbreviation for Southwest Associated University). During the Anti-Japanese War, Tsinghua University, Peking University and Nankai University jointly formed Southwest Associated University. In April 1946, the Southwest Associated Congress announced its dissolution. Now that students are on summer vacation, do you think we have no power? Agents! You are wrong! You saw the more than a thousand young people who came to the meeting today shaking hands again. We young people in Kunming will never let you continue to be so arrogant! Reactionaries, you see one fall, but you can also see thousands of others rising up! Justice can never be killed, because truth always exists! (Applause) The task given to Kunming by history is to strive for democracy and peace, and we young people in Kunming must complete this task! We are not afraid of death, we have the spirit of sacrifice! At any time, like Mr. Li, we step out of the door with our front foot, but are not ready to step in again with our back foot! (Long and warm applause) Appreciation: As we all know, at the memorial service for the martyrdom of the patriotic democrat Mr. Li Gongpu, in the face of the reactionaries' unreasonable troubles and wanton trouble, Mr. Wen Yiduo stood up and gave an impromptu speech that shocked the country. After the speech, Mr. Wen Yiduo was unfortunately poisoned by the Kuomintang reactionaries. That speech became Mr. Wen Yiduo's last speech. Although Mr. Wen is no longer alive, his awe-inspiring righteousness inspired countless patriots and latecomers to fight hard and even sacrifice their precious lives in the struggle for peace and democracy. It is precisely because of the continuous struggle of many revolutionary martyrs like Mr. Li Gongpu and Mr. Wen Yiduo who dared to sacrifice their lives for justice that the victory of the democratic revolution was achieved and today's peaceful New China was created. In his speech, Mr. Wen Yiduo, while severely condemning the reactionaries' shameless crimes and despicable acts, also highly praised Mr. Li's great patriotism for his dedication to democracy and peace. He also called on the broad masses of the people to stand up and join hands with the reactionaries. and fight resolutely. Whether in terms of the ideological content of the speech or the language skills of the speech, it can be said to be an outstanding speech and worthy of discussion. The following are some of my thoughts on Mr. Wen Yiduo’s “Last Lecture”. The opening chapter is straight to the point, unique and novel. Since it is a eulogy, generally speaking, it begins with a condolence or an account of the life of the deceased. However, Mr. Wen was ingenious and went against the norm by adopting a "straight to the point" approach, taking the lead and going straight to the topic. "In the past few days, everyone knows that the most despicable and shameless thing in history has happened in Kunming!" The speaker began by righteously denouncing the shameless crimes of the Kuomintang reactionaries. "The most despicable and shameless", "Chinese who have lost their conscience", and "sneaking up to assassinate" all express the speaker's indignation and anger at that time, indicating his position and attitude, and supporting the revolution. The content is expressed in various forms, and each section serves the theme in its own form, with clear ideas and clear context. Using different expression methods avoids the feeling of complexity and procrastination, and also has new ideas. 1. Application of contrastive techniques. The speaker places different characters in contrasting angles of light and dark, deliberately widens the distance between them, and gives different emotional colors to achieve better expression. For example, in the second section, "This is the shamelessness of a certain group, but it is Mr. Li's glory!" The reactionaries and Li Gongpu are placed in a contrasting position, and the "shame" of the reactionaries is used to set off Mr. Li's "honor", and Li Gongpu is The "honor" of the husband contrasts with the "shame" of the reactionaries, and the two interact with each other. In the strong contrast, the expression of anger and contempt for the reactionaries and the praise of Mr. Li fully express Mr. Wen Yiduo's patriotic feelings of righteousness and clear love and hatred. 2. Psychological description. Through psychological analysis, the true intentions of certain behaviors can often be known. Psychological tactical attacks are often the most direct, most lethal, and most likely to cause the enemy to be doomed. The speaker used this skillfully. For example, in the fourth section: "I don't know what they think, what their psychological state is, and how their hearts grow! In fact, it is very simple. They are so crazy to create terror, it is they who are panicking! In Afraid! So they are creating terror. In fact, it is they who are terrorizing themselves!” The fundamental reason for “creating terror” is that “they are terrorizing themselves.” The psychological analysis reveals the enemy’s weak nature and proves it to the times. It is nothing more than a "paper tiger" that puts pressure on the enemy and gives motivation to the people. 3. Give examples and citations. As the saying goes, facts speak louder than words. Using facts to reason can make the reactionaries' tricks self-defeating and strengthen their persuasiveness. The third paragraph of the text lists the "121" incident and the tragic murder of Li Gongpu. While praising the great dedication of Mr. Li and the youth of Kunming, it also exposes the reactionaries' sinister attempts to be counter-revolutionary, anti-people, and commit murder. In the fifth paragraph, examples of Hitler and Mussolini are cited to prove the truth that the reactionaries must lose and the people must win. In addition, this speech also uses rich language expression techniques. For example: 1. The use of exclamatory sentences. One of the biggest features of Mr. Wen Yiduo's speech is his frequent use of exclamations.
The use of exclamations to express strong feelings is an angry and tearful accusation against the shameless and despicable actions of the reactionaries. It is the sorrow for Mr. Li's martyrdom and the high praise of Mr. Li's patriotism. It is an eruption of emotion and the roar of the soul. . The exclamatory sentences are short and powerful, and have a strong expressive effect. 2. The use of rhetorical sentences. For example: "You see that we have few people and no strength? Let me tell you, we are very powerful and very powerful!" "Didn't Hitler and Mussolini fall before the people?" Use rhetorical sentences , strengthens the affirmative tone, making the emotional expression stronger and more shocking. The conclusion of the text is written sonorously and powerfully. The ancients paid attention to "crested head, pig belly and leopard tail" when writing articles. Therefore, generally speaking, a good article must have a good beginning and a good ending. In his concluding remarks, Mr. Wen Yiduo raised the theme to another level, "We are not afraid of death, we have the spirit of sacrifice, and we can be like Mr. Li at any time, stepping out of the door with the front foot, and not ready to step in again with the back foot!" The form of issuing an order issued a challenge to the enemy to fight to the end. It also announced to the world that not only he Wen Yiduo, but also tens of millions of Chinese people would stand up and fight the reactionaries. Determination and confidence to fight to the end. Throughout the speech, it can be said that the emotions are strong. When the passion reaches the point, the emotions are expressed and vented through body language - banging on the table (this is a way of silent language expression, which is a sound of extreme emotional anger) ), it can be said that every word and sentence spoken by Mr. Wen Yiduo expresses a feeling and a thought. Moreover, the language is concise and clear, easy to understand, and mostly uses spoken language, but it does not make the speech empty or cumbersome. This was a very successful speech! This is a fierce battle cry! It is a call to action to awaken the people, and it is also a declaration of battle for patriotic democrats! At the beginning of the speech, Mr. Wen Yiduo asked directly and repeatedly: What crime did Mr. Li commit when he was murdered in this way? Why did those executioners dare not act openly but only dared to carry out assassinations secretly? The questions were asked one after another, and the questions were mixed with exclamations. They were overwhelming and pushed the speech to a climax from the beginning. Another example: You would like to ask me to debate, have human beings gained freedom? Do you want the person to take away his own legal owner? You have declared this. Do I still want to argue that slavery is unjust? Is this still a problem for the *** and party members? Should the issue of sending a gift still be regarded as an extremely difficult problem to solve, and must be solved by using doubtful and difficult-to-understand principles of justice? Today, in front of many Americans, divide the speech into A, B, C, D, and then into 1, 2, 3, and 4, to prove that everyone enjoys the natural right of freedom from various aspects: relative, absolute, negative, and affirmative. . So what will I become in people's eyes? To do so would make me look ridiculous, and would bring shame upon your understanding.
Everyone under the sky knows that slavery is inappropriate for mankind! ("Applied Writing" (Monthly) "How to Write a Good Beginning of a Speech" Issue 3, 2004)