The spread of octagonal drum

In the Ming Dynasty's Miscellaneous Notes on the Ten Thousand Parts of the Divine List, it was recorded: "The octagonal drum is absolutely unique: Liu beats the drum, which is heavy and slow, and occurs with people's wishes, or the rhythm between silk and bamboo can help him clear the clouds." At that time, the skill of playing octagonal drums was very high, and Xiong Liu was called one of the eight wonders of the capital. With 1644, the Qing dynasty made Beijing its capital, and a large number of Manchu entered the customs. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1736- 1795), the octagonal drum was sung by professional artists as an accompaniment instrument for folk arts such as drum writing and string playing. Once popular in the imperial court, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Northeast China. In the middle of Qing Dynasty, Beijing octagonal drum was introduced into Shandong along the canal, and it evolved into "Shandong octagonal drum" in Liaocheng, Linqing and Jining. The development of octagonal drum was popular in Qing Dynasty. Named after the octagonal drum, it is a percussion instrument used by singers. There are different legends about the origin of octagonal drum. It was first recorded in Li Shengzhen's "Hundred Plays of Zhi Zhu Ci" in Kangxi of Qing Dynasty: "Octagonal drum, octagonal, hand music, all doors have it." Integration of local operas in China. The preface to the Volume of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region records that the old artist of Manchu octagonal drum in Inner Mongolia said: "Octagonal drum was originally a folk art when Manchu lived outside the customs. Manchu people often entertain themselves by singing octagonal drum songs in their leisure time. " He also said: "The octagonal drum was originally a sitting room form, which was formed in the Kanggan period of the Qing Dynasty." "After Qianlong and Jiaqing, there were no professional artists, only the children of the Eight Banners performed non-commercial performances and sang in front of the banquet hall." For the legend of Beijing octagonal drum artists, see Chongyi's Miscellanies of the Ruling and Opposition since Daoxian County: "Those who know little are those who engage in firearms. He once applied for the Western Regions and Jinchuan. On his way home, he wrote his own horse music, namely "Danxian Zapai and the Father of Tea Music", which was sung in this octagonal drum. Its first name is XiaoChaQu, which is called ChaQu for short, and then the fork song, which is also called crisp singing, which is also wrong. This is what the elderly ticket lovers heard, not bad. " The introduction of the book "Shengpingbu Tea Song" is slightly the same, but it is just a masterpiece of "Wen Xiaocha".

After Jiaqing and Daoguang in Qing Dynasty, the octagonal drum spread to many areas because of the stationing of flag soldiers and the hobbies of flag officials. According to legend, octagonal drums are sung in towns where water and salt are transported. Liaocheng octagonal drum, which was popular in Shandong in modern times, and the new town drama developed from Manchu octagonal drum in Jilin are all directly related to octagonal drum. In addition, Daqu in Henan, Lanzhou Guzi in Gansu and Pingxian in Qinghai are similar to octagonal drum in terms of structure and phonology.

The octagonal drum was used in the early Manchu folk art "octagonal drum". In 1950s, this folk art developed into "Manchu Opera" on the basis of Qupai. Now, the octagonal drum is mainly used in rap music "Drum Book" and "Danxian" (also known as "Danxian Paizi Song" or "Octagonal Drum") in Beijing, Tianjin, Northeast China, Hebei and other places. The singer played the rhythm with the octagonal drum and accompanied the three strings. The octagonal drum sung by children in Qi State includes five singing methods.

1 bend.

(2) Group music, with many people singing in turn in unison, accompanied by drums, boards, gongs, cymbals and strings. Liu Zhenqing's "The Legacy of Octagonal Drum" records that Zong Chengzhi, a Manchu voter, said: In the 41st year of Qing Qianlong, after A Gui conquered Jinchuan, he translated Manchu military songs such as Jude Nian, Wan Minle, and Malong Yin, which were created by Emperor Qianlong, and used Jinchuan drum, bronze cymbals, bronze cymbals and other national musical instruments such as Miao and Yao. In the Qing Dynasty, Li Huiyou, who was still a child, was invited to sing in the festive hall of relatives and friends, but it gradually declined after the Republic of China. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), some folk art groups reformed this form, and many people sang and danced, which was called "Chorus Playing String".

(3) Sing the octagonal drum, and the actor plays the ugly right foot. According to the content of lyrics and the number of words, 3 ~ 5 people subcontract the corner, and generally 3 people sing more programs. Because its singing is close to China traditional opera, it is commonly known as "octagonal drum with a little drama". This kind of singing rose from Qianlong to Jiaqing. Dai's "Xunyang Poetry" was written in Jiaqing for three years, and there is a ditty dedicated to singing octagonal drums in the poem. When singing, ugly feet are the mainstay, and many jokes are interspersed in the lyrics. The jokes close to cross talk are only for the audience to make fun of, and their interest is not high, which has gradually declined.

4 Dan Xian.

⑤ Double-headed people sing the same content as Dan Xian. In the Qing Dynasty, the form of performers playing and singing is often called playing the strings, with one person singing with an octagonal drum and the other accompanied by three strings, which is called a double-headed person, or a double-headed person is a form in which two people * * * play the three strings, one player presses the strings, one player plucks the strings and sings in turn at the same time.