A humble room. Tang Ming? Liu Yuxi
The mountain is not high, and the fairy is named; The water is not deep, and the dragon is the spirit. I am humble, but I am kind. The moss on the stage is green, and the curtain grass is green. There is a scholar (3) instead of Ding Bai (4). You can tune the piano and read Jin Dian. ⑦ There is no difference between silk and bamboo, and there is no contingency in case. Nanyang Attending Zhuge Lu, Xishu Ziyun [1 1] Pavilion. Kong Ziyun: "What's the matter?" 〔 12〕
Precautions:
14. Yes: They are all demonstrative pronouns. A house with simple and narrow furniture.
(2) Wei: It plays an important role as the preposition "one". Dexin means noble conduct. Xin, a fragrance that can spread far away.
3 Hongru: This refers to a learned person. Hong, big. Confucianism, used to refer to scholars.
④ Ding Bai: an unknown civilian. This refers to people with little knowledge.
⑤ Suqin: Piano without carving or painting decoration.
⑥ Golden Sutra: The Diamond Sutra (referred to as King Kong Prajna Sutra or King Kong Prajna Paramita Sutra) was widely circulated in the Tang Dynasty.
⑦ Four Books: String and Wind Music, here refers to the sound of playing music. Here refers to musical instruments in general. Interfere with the ear, make hearing impaired.
⑨ Case ⑩: Documents handled by government officials daily.
Attending Nanyang: Place name, west of Xiangyang County, Hubei Province. Before coming out of the mountain, Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in nanyang road.
[1 1] Ziyun: a figure of Yang Xiong (53- 18) in Han Dynasty. He is a native of Xishu (now Chengdu, Sichuan), and his residence is called "Yangzifu". It is said that he wrote Tai Xuan Jing in Yangzi Building, so it is also called Cao Xuantang. Yunting in this article refers to its residence. Sichuan still has weizi and Ziyun City to commemorate him.
[12] What's the matter? First, the object is advanced. What happened to the Analects of Confucius? Zi Han: "Zi wants to live in Jiuyi, or' Is it ugly?'" Confucius said,' How can a gentleman be humble if he lives there?' Confucius wants to move to the land of Jiuyi. Someone said, "That place is very humble. How can I live well? " Confucius said, "There are gentlemen who live without being humble."
[13] Fatigue: make the body tired.
Translation:
Mountains don't have to be high. Living with immortals is famous. The water doesn't have to be deep. Living with dragons is supernatural. Although this is a humble house, it's just that my personality is beautiful (so I don't feel humble). Moss is green, growing on the steps, and grass is green, reflected in the curtains. I talk and laugh with learned people, and there is no such thing as ignorant people. You can play simple guqin and read precious Buddhist scriptures. No loud music disturbs your ears, and no official documents make you physically and mentally exhausted. Just like Zhuge Liang's thatched cottage in Nanyang and Yang Ziyun's porch pavilion in West Shu. Confucius said, "What is so simple?"
About the author:
Liu Yuxi was born in Luoyang, a writer and poet in Tang Dynasty. I have been in politics all my life, and I have been an official who monitors the imperial history. Later, I was demoted to many places to be a secretariat. Although his official career was not smooth at that time, his experience during this period laid a broad foundation for his later writings. Liu Yuxi returned to Luoyang in the first year of Daiwa in Tang Wenzong (827), and his career began to be smooth. In his later years, as a guest of the prince, he divided the company into Du Dong (Luoyang) and added to the history of the school. Liu Mengde's collected works have forty volumes.
Liu Yuxi has been eager to learn since childhood. In addition to studying classics, he also dabbled extensively in calligraphy, astronomy and medicine. Poetry is the most famous of his literary creations, and Bai Juyi said that his "writing style is wonderful, not in front of poetry" ("Bai Liu's Singing Interpretation"). He occupies an important position in the ancient prose movement. At that time, the literary world was dominated by Li Ao and Han Yu and regarded as a generation. Liu said that he was "good at theory", his papers were clear, his arguments were sufficient, and his writing was beautiful. Prose is concise and clear. (This passage is quoted from Liu Yuxi's biography).
Liu Yuxi lived in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. Due to the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty formed a social situation in which eunuchs monopolized power, vassal regimes and cronies fought. He is very dissatisfied with such social reality. I once participated in the Reform Movement led by Uncle Wang, but failed, resulting in a bumpy career and repeated demotions. However, he did not give in to the powerful, but showed his integrity and contempt for the powerful with a civilized mentality. This article can be said to be the author's bitter ridicule of the prevailing social customs and self-evident mentality at that time.
Source:
Humble Room Inscription is selected from All Tang Wen Volume 608 (Zhonghua Book Company 1983 Edition).
Style:
Inscriptions are some eulogizing or admonishing words carved on metal utensils and inscriptions in ancient times, which are used to describe life stories and are mostly used to eulogize and exhort others. Later it gradually developed into an independent style. Due to its unique historical origin, this style is short and concise. According to the classification of China's ancient style, "Ming" is a practical writing. If you understand the meaning of the inscription, you will understand the meaning of the question, that is, to praise the humble room, and the content included is to praise the noble character of the people in the humble room. In fact, it is to praise the reality of moral quality in the name of humble room, which is what the author really means. Express your ambition by holding something, so as to clarify the author's attitude towards life and outlook on life. This is quite similar to Ailian's Theory.
Theme:
From the theme, The Humble Room Inscription tries to describe the humble room by describing the living room. The article "Humble Room Inscription" shows the author's attitude towards life, which is not vulgar, clean and honest, and does not seek fame and fortune. It expresses the author's noble and proud moral integrity, and reveals the author's passive and happy seclusion interest.
Ideas:
Viewed from the conception, Humble Room Inscription expresses its ambition by way of contrast. On the other hand, he never mentioned the ugliness of the humble room, but only wrote the ugly side of the humble room, which was due to virtue and fragrance, thus naturally achieving the purpose of expressing his feelings.
Presentation and writing skills:
In terms of expression, Humble Room Inscription integrates description, lyricism and discussion. By describing the elegant environment of the "humble room" and the elegant demeanor of the master, I express my noble and quiet feelings.
The writing techniques of Humble Room Inscription are complicated, such as comparison, sketch, suggestion, allusion, etc., and only 8 1 word is used, which has a strong sense of rhythm. Reading stones is natural and smooth, and the sound of a song is lingering, which makes people memorable.
Judging from the sentence pattern, Humble Room Ming is mainly parallel prose, with neat sentence pattern, clear rhythm and harmonious phonology, giving people a visual aesthetic feeling. However, the sentence "What is humble?" The inscription in my humble room is also a loose sentence. Therefore, in the sentence structure, "Humble Room Ming" is a combination of parallel prose, which makes the article have a bright rhythm, patchwork language, cadence, harmonious and pleasant feeling to read, and gives people the aesthetic feeling of music. At the same time, the article is mainly composed of five words, with four words and six words in the middle, so the sentence patterns are uneven and the article rhymes to the end.
Judging from the clues, the concept of "only I am fragrant" runs through the whole paper: at the beginning, it leads to "only I am fragrant", then it expresses "only I am fragrant" from the aspects of room environment, communication and daily life, and finally sets off "only I am fragrant" with "Zhuge Lu" and "Zi". This is the author's subjective feeling.
With the help of humble reasoning, the article expresses the noble character of the author with lyrical style. He sees reason in everything and shows emotion in the scene. It can be said that "love is born of scenery, and scenery is born of love." In this way, the author's leisure and the beautiful scenery of the room are written implicitly and vividly.
This article skillfully uses allusions. Take Zhuge Lu and Ziyun Pavilion for example, and quote Confucius: "What's wrong?" Explain that the humble room is not humble, thus enhancing the credibility and persuasiveness of the article's reasoning.
In short, the author does not flaunt himself as a "gentleman" in the article, but respects morality and studies law as a gentleman, showing a detached and optimistic attitude towards life setbacks and career bumps. Only in this way, we regard it as a lyric poem praising the humble room to show its owner's indifferent and elegant life interest, rather than an essay explaining that the humble room is not humble.
I. Contents of the articles
The mountain is not high, and the fairy is famous. The water is not deep, and the dragon is the spirit. I am a humble room, but I am virtuous. The moss marks on the upper steps are green, and the grass is green. There is no Ding Bai who laughs and has a university. You can tune the pipa and read Jin Dian. There is no confusion, and there is no complicated form. Zhuge Lu in Nanyang and Ting Yun Pavilion in West Shu. Kong Ziyun: "What's the matter?"
Second, literary common sense.
The author of the article is Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty.
2. Inscription: Ancient words carved on objects to warn themselves or describe merits later became a style, generally using rhyme.
Third, sound.
Xin (Xin) Hong Ru (rú) Diao (tiáo) Su Qin Case (dú)
Fourth, interchangeable words.
V. Words with different meanings in ancient and modern times
1. Laughing is a great thing: ancient meaning: great.
Today: Hongyan
Sixth, the flexible use of parts of speech
1, where there is a fairy, there is a name: famous (famous, famous)
2. There is no confusion in the ears: interference (disturbing, making ...)
Seven, the word polysemy
Eight. Keyword explanation
1, talking and laughing, with a university: great.
2, no case, this form of labor: body, body case: official document.
3, I am a humble room, but I am virtuous and fragrant: aroma, which means noble character here.
4, you can tune the piano, read Jin Dian: violin, here refers to bullets.
5, the water is not deep, the dragon is the spirit: effective, magical.
Alice is a simple room: demonstrative pronouns, this, this.
7. There is no contact between Ding Bai and Ding Bai: civilians, here refers to people without any knowledge.
8. Reading the Golden Sutra: Buddhist Sutra
9. The confused ear without silk and bamboo: here refers to the sound of playing music, silk: here refers to string bamboo: here refers to wind instruments.
Nine, special sentence patterns
1, what happened to the prepositional object: what happened?
X. Reading rhythm
XI。 Understand dictation
1, the sentence describing the humble environment is that the moss on the stage is green and the curtain is green.
2. The author thinks that the humble room is not humble, because I am humble, but I am virtuous.
3. The article points out that the sentence of the whole text is: I am a humble room, but I am virtuous.
The article describes the elegant environment of the "humble room", and the pleasing sentences are: the moss on the stage is green, and the curtain is green.
5. A sentence that shows the elegance of humble host's communication is: there are great scholars in conversation and laughter, but there is no Ding Bai in communication.
6. The sentences that metaphorically praise the Humble Room are Zhuge Lu in Nanyang and Ting Yun Pavilion in Xishuzi.
7. Confucius quoted a sentence in the article "Humble Room Inscription": Confucius: Why is it worthy?
8. At the end of the article, the author compares himself with the ancient sages and shows his lofty interests: Zhuge Lu in Nanyang and Ting Yun Pavilion in West Shu.
9. A sentence with similar meaning to "People don't have water in a small pool, but it's okay to have Wolong in a shallow place" in "Humble Room Ming" is: the water is not deep, and the dragon has spirit.
65438+
Twelve. Translation of key sentences
1, I am a humble room, but I am virtuous.
This is a humble house, but I (the person who placed it) have a good moral character (so I don't feel humble).
2. Kong Ziyun: "What's the matter?"
* Confucius said: What's so simple?
3. The moss on the stage is green and the grass is green.
* The moss is green and grows to the steps; The grass is green and reflected in the curtains.
4, no messy ears, no tedious work.
* No (noisy) music bothers the ears, and no official documents are tiring.
Thirteen. Understanding of text content
1, the following appreciation of the content of the article is wrong (a). (2 points)
First, "the mountain is not high, there are immortals. The water is not deep, and the dragon has spirit. " It shows the author's great ambition to serve the country and make contributions.
B, "The moss on the upper stage is green, and the grass color enters the curtain." Write an elegant environment.
C, "Laugh and have a scholar, no Ding Bai. You can tune the pipa and read the Golden Classics. " Write the elegance of the author's life interest.
D, the article gives examples of Zhuge Lu and Ziyunting, in order to show that "humble room" is not simple.
2. How does the article express the author's thoughts and feelings?
* Expressed the author's noble and proud moral integrity and interest in caring for the poor.
XIV. Openness
1, "Ming" is a kind of writing carved on objects in ancient times to warn oneself or praise virtue, and later it became a style. People often use "mottos" to motivate themselves. Please write a "motto" about learning from the ancient poems you usually accumulate.
* Example: Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous. If a person doesn't work hard when he is young, he will regret when he is old ―― laziness when he is young will make him regret when he is old; Reckless youth makes regretful old age; Idle youth, poor old age
Ailian said.
I. Contents of the articles
The flowers of land and water plants are very fragrant. Tao Jinyuan clearly loves chrysanthemums. Since Li Tang came, people all over the world have loved peonies. Love lotus alone, dirt-free, clear but not demon. Straight outside, not crawling, fragrant and clear. It is slim and elegant, so you can look at it from a distance without looking ridiculous.
Want to call chrysanthemum, the hermit of flowers; Peony, blooming with wealth; Lotus, the gentleman of flowers. Hey! The love between chrysanthemums and flowers is rarely heard after Tao. Who gave the lotus love? Peony love is suitable for many people.
Second, literary common sense.
Third, sound.
Very sweet () silt () mud () clear ripple () without evil play ()
Fourth, interchangeable words.
V. Words with different meanings in ancient and modern times
Sixth, the flexible use of parts of speech
Seven, the word polysemy
Eight. Keyword explanation
1, lovely people are rare: many, there are many synonyms for "rare" in Chinese, and the antonym is fresh (unique).
2. Devotion to Yuan Yi: adverbs, more.
3. Fiber net planting: establishment.
4, less odor after pottery: less.
5, clear but not demon: wash. Demon: seductive.
6, you can look at it from a distance, don't play with it: but you are embarrassed: close, not solemn.
7. It is suitable for everyone: it should be.
8. Tao Jinyuan loves chrysanthemums alone: only, only.
Nine, special sentence patterns
1, Lotus, the gentleman of flowers (true or false)
X. Reading rhythm
1 land vegetation/flowers, lovely/rare.
2, since/Li Tang/afterlife/love/peony.
3, pay/love alone/lotus leaves the mud without being stained.
4, peony, flowers/rich people also.
XI。 Understand dictation
1. The sentence that describes the purity and simplicity of lotus is muddy but not dirty, clear but not demon.
2. The central sentence of the full text is: the gentleman of flowers is also.
3, Zhou Dunyi's "Love Lotus": Love Lotus said a famous sentence: Love Lotus alone, mud does not touch, clear but not demon, straight outside, fragrant and clear, graceful and quiet, but can be viewed from a distance without being ridiculous.
At the flower show in the park, there are always more people watching peony than other flowers. In the words of "Love Lotus", it is: the love of peony is suitable for all ages.
5. The sentence that shows that the master is not bound by secular life and hates secular life is: Who gave the love of the lotus?
6. The sentences describing the beautiful image of lotus are: muddy but not dirty, clear but not demon, straight through, not crawling, clear fragrance, graceful and quiet.
7. Compared with "those who are near the ink are black", it embodies the noble quality of lotus. Nowadays, people often use it to compare some people who lead an honest and clean life but are not evil.
8. The saying that a gentleman's reputation spreads far and wide: the fragrance is far and clear.
9. One sentence that can best summarize the noble quality of lotus is (main sentence): Lotus is a gentleman of flowers.
10, the sentence that a gentleman is upright and reasonable and does not cling to powerful people is: straight through, not sloppy.
Twelve. Translation of key sentences
1. Who gave the lotus love?
* (right) Lotus hobby, who else is like me?
2, give the only love lotus mud without dyeing, clear without demon.
* I only love lotus flowers, because lotus flowers are not stained with mud, but not enchanting after being washed with clear water.
3, straight outside, not crawling, Qing Xiang, slim and clean.
* (Stem) runs through the middle, with straight shape, no connection and no branches, and the fragrance spreads far and wide. More fragrant, straight and clean.
4, you can watch from a distance and don't play.
* (People) can watch from a distance, but they can't play easily.
Five, hey! The love between chrysanthemums and flowers is rarely heard after Tao.
* Alas! People who love chrysanthemums have rarely heard of them since Tao Yuanming.
6, lotus, the gentleman of flowers. * Lotus is a gentleman among flowers.
7. Peony love is suitable for all ages.
Of course, there are many people who love peony.
Thirteen. Understanding of text content
1. The lotus in this article is a metaphor for a gentleman. The function of writing "chrysanthemum" and "peony" is to highlight the noble integrity of a gentleman.
2. The sentence "Peony love is suitable for many people" takes care of the above "The world loves peony very much". The sigh at the end expresses the author's contempt for the pursuit of interests (wealth, greed for wealth) and the world trend.
3. This paper uses flowers to express people's voices. What kind of people do "Peony", "Chrysanthemum" and "Lotus" symbolize respectively? What thoughts and feelings does the author's description and praise of Lian contain?
(1) Peony-the symbol of "flowers are rich": people who pursue fame and fortune.
(2) Chrysanthemum-the symbol of "flower hermit": a hermit who doesn't go with the flow.
(3) Lotus-the symbol of "the gentleman of flowers": virtuous and talented people.
(thoughts and feelings) * Don't aspire to fame and fortune, lead an honest and clean life, and keep noble character and loyal integrity in a dirty world.
4. Please use your own words to summarize the valuable qualities represented by the characteristics of lotus, such as "spotless", "innocent", "upright", "graceful and pure" and "not ridiculous".
* The qualities represented by lotus are: simplicity, nobility, openness and innocence; Informal, well-distributed, independent and dignified.
5. Rhetoric used in this paper includes parallelism, rhetorical questions and figurative expressions, narrative and descriptive expressions, symbolic and foil expressions.
In this paper, the technique of setting off is adopted, with chrysanthemum as the lining and peony as the lining. The last paragraph of the article uses a variety of sentence patterns: there are exclamatory sentences (alas! The love between chrysanthemums and flowers is rarely heard after Tao. Who is the giver of lotus love? The love of peony suits many people. )
6. The author compares Lotus with Zhuang Dan, expressing the author's pursuit of honesty (or integrity) and his aversion to the pursuit of fame and fortune.
7. Tao Yuanming loves chrysanthemums alone, which shows his attitude of pursuing seclusion; The world loves peony very much, which shows that the world is greedy for money. Zhou Dunyi's exclusive love for lotus shows his attitude towards life without seeking fame and fortune (leading an honest and clean life).
8. What qualities does the following passage contain in a gentleman?
Out of the mud without staining, clear without demon, straight without crawling outside, clear fragrance, graceful, but not ridiculous from a distance.
* neither conform to the evil world wind, nor arrogant; Sensible, honest, good reputation; Loyal and honest, dignified and respectable, dare not despise. (That's right)
9, the following analysis of the content and writing of the selected text is incorrect (D)(3 points).
A, choose the article to express the author's attitude towards life, which is not seeking fame and fortune, leading an honest and clean life, disdaining the pursuit of fame and fortune and drifting with the tide.
B. This paper describes the extraordinary style of lotus from its growth environment, shape, aroma and manner.
C. In this paper, the phrase "straight through the outside, not loose, fragrant and far-reaching" is used to describe a gentleman's understanding and correct behavior, so his reputation is far-reaching.
D, "Peony is full of flowers", which expresses the author's praise for elegant peony.
XIV. Openness
1. The article praises the noble quality of lotus, which is actually the expression of the author's thoughts and feelings. However, in real life, some people think that "all people close to Zhu Zhechi are black". What do you think of these two views? Please briefly explain the reasons.
* Omit (hint: you can talk about a certain point of view, or you can combine the two, but you must buckle the relationship between "people and the environment")
2. What kind of flowers do you like? Please briefly explain why you like it. * Omit
3. The author thinks that chrysanthemum is a "hidden person in flowers". Do you agree with this view? Why?
* Agree or disagree, with reasons to support the point of view.