Detailed explanation of Shandong volume in 2008
I. (15, 3 points for each small question)
1. The group with correct pronunciation of the words added after it is (Shandong Volume in 2008).
A, Zhong (zhòng) cut the admission ticket (quàn) and catch the wind and catch the shadows (pǔ).
B. Nirvana (nuó) Music (lēi) Chewing (jué) Tongue is full of holes (chuāng)
C, cutting tooth (p √) body (qi √ ao) section (p √√√) in the phrase.
D, cypress (bǐ i) tree model (mó) ration (jǐ) production (pǐ) is extremely beautiful.
Analyze that the word "catch" in A is pronounced as "incarnation of B", the word "chew" in B is pronounced as "jiá o" and the word "die" in D is pronounced as "mú".
Answer: c
2. The group with no typos below is (Shandong Volume 2008).
First, gallop the original ecology, vigorous grass, auspicious people have their own astronomical phenomena
B, the farewell voice station is deafening. True blue will never stain.
C, ask Hou Zhu too much to see, and there are people who don't talk in secret.
D, accept the rough rot of the viaduct in its place for its politics.
Analysis should judge the font according to the meaning of the word. In A, the word "image" of "auspicious people have their own celestial phenomena" should be "phase", which means "help". In C, "greetings" means "greetings". The word "rotten" in "shoddy" in D should be "excessive".
Answer: B.
3. Fill in the punctuation marks at the following serial numbers in turn. The correct one is (Shandong Volume in 2008).
Optimism and self-confidence are the deepest impressions that Jin Jing left. I have been like a boy since I was a child. I remember I liked watching the movie Zorro. After reading it, I really feel like a swordsman there. The girl called "smiling angel" by college students said with a smile. After 200 1, I naturally chose to learn fencing.
○ 1
○2
○3
○4
○5
Answer. "," ," 。"
b，“，.:" 。"
C. "," ," "。
d，“ 1000”。 . :" "。
Analysis punctuation reflects the level of the paragraph. The first sentence is the beginning of a paragraph, so the first place should be separated by a period. This does not include BC. (1)-(3) is "crystal" and is marked with quotation marks. The word "see" after "see" is followed by "love to watch movies Zorro", so the meaning is not broken, and the two places cannot be separated by a full stop. That's where we chose A. Let's check: the word "I" behind ④ naturally refers to the word "Jin Jing" in front, so the sentence behind ④ is a continuation of the previous sentence, so ④ can only be a comma. The sentence is the end of the introduction, and the punctuation is accurate.
A: A.
4. Among the words added in the following sentences, the most appropriate one is (Shandong Volume in 2008).
A, Chinese medicine is used to prevent and treat diseases under the guidance of the theory of Chinese medicine, with plants as the most, including animals and minerals, and its efficacy is generally mild.
B, although I am busy at work at ordinary times, as long as I have time, I will clean up my housework and make my home clean and tidy.
C. the seaside park is the favorite sports place for nearby residents. Walking, jogging or cycling in the sea of flowers are impressive.
D. The so-called "Lao Du is hungry and cold, while others are hungry and cold" by poetry critics is different from Bai Juyi's "full of warmth, people are hungry and cold". Hunger and cold made Du Fu unforgettable, so his poems were more profound and touching.
A, the application of "slow" in the "curative effect" and "remission" mismatch analysis. In B, "rectification" and "housework" do not match, and "housework" is "housework", so naturally it cannot be rectified. Can only "do housework". In C language, "full of pride" describes pretending to be superior. With an arrogant look, and the context is "calm and carefree"
Answer: d
5. The following sentences, which are not ill-chosen, but have a clear meaning, are (Shandong Volume 2008).
A. This picture shows the girls in holiday costumes singing and dancing around the blazing bonfire, and their clothes are soaked with sweat.
B According to Italian law, Berlusconi can't be the president of the club when he is prime minister, otherwise he may do something against the public interest.
C Only by organically combining labor with interests, hobbies and even ideals can we give full play to everyone's hidden imagination and creativity.
D. Our school's fund-raising activities for Sichuan earthquake-stricken areas have received positive responses from many school teachers and classmates, and raised more than 30,000 yuan in less than one day.
The "representation" in analysis A lacks the object "scene" and so on. There is something wrong with the last clause in B. On the surface, it seems that "doing" and "behavior" do not match, but in fact it is a kind of sentence confusion, which can be expressed as: Otherwise, his behavior may be against the public interest. Otherwise, he may do something against the public interest. The ambiguity of "many school teachers and classmates" in D.
Answer: c
2.(9 points, 3 points for each small question)
Read the following text and complete questions 6-8. (Shandong Volume in 2008)
Totem and the emergence of social system
From the totem worship of all ethnic groups in history, totem is a symbol of some social organization or individual. The totem system formed on this basis is a social organization system that regulates the level of human behavior. As British scholar Rivers said, totem system is a social organization system. Radcliffe also believes that totem system provides a basic organizing principle for relevant society.
Totem system is an aspect of totem culture. It is not only a social organization system, but also the earliest social organization system.
Before the appearance of totem, the primitive groups were still in a natural state, and there was no necessary connection between groups, so it was impossible to have organizational principles. After the emergence of totems, each ethnic group takes a totem as its name and symbol, and the totems of each ethnic group in the same tribe do not repeat each other. This was the established principle of social organization at that time. French scholar Besson said that the totem system "divides all individuals into categories and produces the totem household registration system", so this system is a real social organization system, which is based on the maintenance of mother's blood relationship. Therefore, totem system can be said to be the earliest social organization system.
Schoolcraft uses "totem system" to represent clan system. In this regard, Morgan believes: "If we can't find a term in Latin and Greek to express all the characteristics and nature of this system that has appeared in history, then the term' totem system' is completely acceptable and has its own convenience." Here, both Schoolcraft and Morgan believe that the totem system is the clan organization system. Actually, you can't equate the two. The totem system came into being before the clan, and after the clan was formed, it continued to use the totem system formed in the past. Therefore, in clan society, especially matriarchal clan society, totem system is widely implemented.
Totem system has three basic characteristics. First, every social organization takes totem-animals, plants, inanimate natural objects or natural phenomena-as its name and symbol. Second, the totems of the same tribe and ethnic groups do not repeat each other. For example, the Potawatami tribe in India has fifteen clans, and their totems are fifteen different animals. Third, the same totem is a relative. According to the totem organization system, the totem of each ethnic group in a tribe is different, but the totems of different tribal groups are allowed to be repeated. Among about 40 Indian tribes, more than 30 clans take bears and wolves as totems. These clans with different tribes but the same totem, regardless of blood relationship, regard each other as relatives and think that they are brothers and sisters from the same totem ancestor. Members of the White Tiger clan in China also think that people with the same totem are relatives. If they are strangers in other places, but as long as the tiger is the totem, they are like brothers, and life and death are * * *.
After the formation of totem system, it was perfected with the development of totem culture, and replaced by other social organization systems with the decline of totem culture.
6. This paper holds that totem system is the earliest social organization system, and the following does not belong to its basis.
Radcliffe believes that totem system provides a basic organizing principle for relevant society.
B, after the emergence of totem, each group in the original group in the natural state took a totem as its name and symbol, forming the social organization principle at that time.
C. Totem system distinguishes all the "individuals" in the original group in the natural state, resulting in the "totem household registration system".
D. Totem system is a real social organization system based on the maintenance of mother's blood relationship.
Although the explanation in A is the original words, it is not the basis of "totem system is the earliest social organization system".
A: A.
7, the following explanation about the totem system, the correct one is
A. Totem system, as a social organization system, came into being before clan system, which was used to regulate people's behavior level at that time.
B, every social organization takes animals, plants, inanimate natural objects and other physical objects as totems as its name and symbol.
C. Totems of tribes of the same clan cannot be repeated, which is a social organization principle established by the totem system.
D. Groups with different tribes but the same totem come from the same ancestor, and they are all relatives and brothers and sisters.
The analysis of BCD is not the most accurate. What is said in B is the totem symbol in the totem system, and other connotations are not involved. C is a supplement to the totem system, but it doesn't touch the root of the totem system. The mistake of D is the same as that of C, only A accurately grasps the essential content of "totem system".
A: A.
8. One of the following statements is in line with the original intention
A totem system is an aspect of totem culture, and the whole totem system is a social organization system.
B Morgan believes that if a term can not be found in Latin and Greek to express all the characteristics and nature of the clan organization system, then the term "totem system" can also be used.
C, after the formation of the clan, continue to use the totem system, so all clan societies implement the totem system.
D. After the totem system was formed, it became more and more perfect with the development of totem culture, but it was immediately replaced by other social organization systems.
It is obviously correct to analyze A's "totem system is an aspect of totem culture" in the second section of the article. But "the whole totem system is a social organization system" is wrong. Totem system is one aspect of social organization system, but it also includes other contents, so A is wrong. In the fourth section of the original C, "the clan society, especially the matriarchal clan society, widely practices the totem system", while sentence C says "all", which is obviously wrong. Moreover, there is no causal relationship. The last paragraph of D says "replaced by other social organization systems with the decline of totem culture", while the expression "but immediately" in D is inconsistent.
Answer: b
Three. (12, 3 points for each small question)
Read the following classical Chinese and complete Question 9- 12 (Shandong Volume 2008).
For the Zhang family, the first one is together. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the world was in chaos, and his wife was taken away by northern soldiers. Zhang Chang is often in Henan, so he is at home. Marry Yu and have children. Nothing. His wife died. He married Niu and gave birth to a son. The fierceness of cattle, every jealous idiot, slave animal, spits on bad food. And use it as firewood, complaining about it every day. If not, it would be embarrassing. The hidden animals are sweet and crisp for the teacher to see.
Sincere growth, filial piety to friends, can't bear to be a brother ○ 1, and persuade the mother; Mom, listen. One day, I went into the mountains to get firewood, and it wasn't over yet. It was a big storm, and I hid under a rock. The rain has stopped, and it is already dusk. I was so hungry that my salary was negative when I came back. The mother has little experience, and anger has no effect. Hunger burns the heart and the room is stiff. When Cheng came out of school, he was shocked and asked, "Are you sick?" Say, "Hungry ears." Ask him why and tell him emotionally. If you are sincere, go. If you move, come and eat bread, brother. My brother asked him where he came from and said, "I stole my neighbor's wife, but don't say anything about food." When he is too lazy to eat, tell him: "don't let this happen again, because it will make him very tired." And every day, hunger will not die. " Sincerely said: "Brother is weak, evil can be more firewood!" " After eating the next day, I stole to the mountain to find my brother to get firewood. When the younger brother saw it, he was surprised and asked, "What would you do?" A: "I will help collect firewood." Q: "Who did it?" He said, "I've heard it myself." My brother said, "No matter what my brother can't do, he can do it, and it's shameful." So I will be back soon. If you don't listen, help your brother cheat. He said, "Come tomorrow with an axe." Dude, stop it. Seeing that his fingers were broken and his shoes were worn out, he said sadly, "If you don't come back soon, I'll chop myself to death with an axe!" " Honesty is the reward. It took me half to reply to the firewood. Yi Shu told his teacher when he got back: "My younger brother is young and should be idle. Tigers and wolves are evil in the mountains. " The teacher said, "I don't know where to go before noon, but I will learn from it in summer." Return to sincerity: "If you don't listen to me, you will be scolded by the teacher!" " Smile sincerely and say, "Nothing." Tomorrow, the axe will be cut again. The younger brother said in horror, "I told you not to come." Why bother? " If you are sincere, you will be paid urgently and you will have a lot of rest. I made a bunch of appointments and left without saying goodbye. It's true what the teacher did. The teacher sighed at his sage, so he couldn't help it. My brother repeatedly stopped me, but he wouldn't listen.
One day, in the mountains with some people, there was a tiger, and everyone was afraid. The tiger went sincerely. It is too late to catch up with the tiger. The axe is very strong, and it is under the crotch. The tiger ran painfully, but couldn't find it and came back crying. They comforted them, crying with sorrow, and said, "My brother is not Mrs. Jude's brother; If I die, how can I live! " Then he cut himself with an axe. After all the first aid, the people who entered the meat were inch by inch, and the blood overflowed like a flood, dazzling. When people are frightened, they will split their clothes and tie them up, and the group will help them return. Mother cried and scolded: "You killed our son and wanted to cut off your neck to plug the black pot!" " "Mom, don't worry, I won't be born when my brother dies!" He groaned. Sitting on the sofa, I can't sleep in pain, but I cry against the wall day and night. Father is afraid of his death, so he feeds him less on the sofa, and the cow will blame him. If you don't eat, you will die in three days.
(Excerpted from Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio? Mr. Zhang ",with changes)
Note ○ 1 ○ (q○): Hard work. ○2 Xia: also known as "Qi", wood name. ○3 ū: Suddenly. ○4 (lí): Cut.
9. The explanations of the words added in the following sentences are incorrect.
First, the sincere bait of Tibetan animal crisp bait: for ...
B, the value of strong wind and heavy rain, the value of avoiding the corpse under the rock: encounter.
C, the elder brother is weak, and evil can be worse: no.
D, sweating heavily: cheeks
The word "evil" in C is an interrogative word, "where" and "how". Judging from the original sentence, sincerity is a rhetorical question, emphasizing tone and being surprised by being weak but full of firewood, while "evil" has no meaning of "no". The "bait" in A is a famous verb in the sentence, which can be accurately known by combining the context. The "values" in B are "meeting" and "satisfying". Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio? In the farmer, there is "the value of this phase, you can't kill it." The meaning of "one" in D still exists in idioms.
Answer: c
10, the meaning and usage of the words added in the following sentences are the same.
First, the family is really talking about it.
What would you do?
C, he left without saying goodbye, tore his clothes and tied them up.
D, the group gang returns to the desire to blame the neck.
The word "Yan" in front of A is a part-time word, which is equivalent to "Yu Zhi". The word "Yan" at the back is a pronoun, which represents this matter. The first "he" in B is "what" and the last "he" is "why". The two "and" in C mean to undertake. In d, the former "to" conjunction is equivalent to "and", which means modification, and the latter "to" means purpose. Preposition.
Answer: c
1 1, the following six sentences are divided into four groups, which directly show the deep brotherhood between Zhang Ne and Zhang Cheng.
(1) Really long, filial, can't bear to move my brother. I brought bread to eat my brother.
If you don't come back soon, I'll kill myself with an axe. I will lament his talent, so I won't burn him.
Don't worry, mom, if my brother dies, I'll never be born. ⑤ I can't sleep because of the pain.
a、①③④ B、①④⑥ C、②⑤⑥ D、②③⑤
The analysis should pay attention to the requirements of "all direct expression" and "brotherhood" in the title. (1) only shows "sincerity" and "filial piety". The teacher lamented that "sincerity" is a virtue, and that "laziness" caused pain and could not sleep, which was not directly manifested. The rest ② ③ ⑤ meet the requirements.
Answer: d
12, the following understanding and analysis of the relevant content of the original text, the incorrect one is
A. After Zhang's wife was taken away by soldiers in the north, he married two more wives in Henan. Cattle often mistreat Zhang Ne, but love Zhang Cheng.
B, Zhang Ne didn't cut enough firewood because of the wind and rain, so the cow wouldn't give him food. After Zhang Cheng knew it, he stole noodles from his neighbor's house and made cakes for Zhang Ne to eat.
C. Mr. Rizo secretly went up the mountain to help Zhang Ne chop wood, and was fined twice by Mr. Xue. Zhang Ne also discouraged Mr. Zhang Cheng many times, but Mr. Zhang Cheng never listened.
D. After Zhang Cheng was taken away by the tiger, Zhang Ne committed suicide and was later rescued. I was scolded by my stepmother when I got home, and I felt very sad. She fasted for three days and died.
From the original text, "I stole my neighbor's noodles" means that I stole my neighbor's noodles and asked him to make cakes, but the expression in B is different.
Answer: b
Volume II (*** 1 14 points)
Four. (24 points)
13. Translate underlined sentences in classical Chinese reading materials into modern Chinese (10 score).
(1) My brother said, "Whether my brother can chop wood or not, he can, and it's embarrassing." So I will be back soon.
A:
(2) "my brother is not a Jewish lady's brother; If I die, how can I live! " Then he cut himself with an axe.
A:
A: (1) My brother said, "Not to mention that my brother can't cut wood. Even if he can, he can't do it. " So let Mr. Zhang go home quickly. (Focus: "No matter" (two monosyllabic words), "Qiao" (noun verb) and "ghost" (causative verb))
(2) "My brother is different from everyone's brother. Besides, (he) died for me, how can I live! " (Zhang Ne) So he cut his neck with an axe. (emphasis: "madam" and "why")
14. Read the following Song lyrics and answer this question. (Shandong Volume in 2008)
Huatangchun
Qin Guan
Falling red paved the horizontal pool, and it was clear and drizzling. The apricot orchard is withered, the cuckoo is crying, but it is helpless to return to spring.
Liu Wai painted the building by himself, leaning against the railing and twisting the flowers by hand. ○ 1, and the flowers were speechless. Who knows this?
Note ○ 1 twist (ni ǐ n): keep twisting.
(1) How does the description of the scenery of Shangque express helplessness? Please analyze it briefly. (4 points)
A:
(2) What expressions are mainly used in the sentences such as "Twisting branches by hand on the railing" and "Flowers are silent for the oblique light"? What kind of emotional changes do the characters in the text show? (4 points)
A:
A: (1) Shangque expressed the helplessness of hurting spring (cherishing spring) by describing the scenes of last spring, such as the falling of paved paths, light rain, withered apricot orchards and crying cuckoo birds.
The main expressions of these two words are: description of details. You can also write action descriptions. Two details (movements) are used to express the emotional changes of the characters in the words from loving spring, hurting spring (cherishing spring) to helpless spring return. If we analyze it sentence by sentence, as long as we can answer the emotional changes from loving spring, hurting spring (cherishing spring) to helplessness
15, fill in the following famous sentences. (Choose 3 small questions) (Shandong Volume, 2008)
(1) is sensitive and studious, which is also a word. ("The Analects? Gong Yechang ")
The sober people and sages of the past have been forgotten. (Li Bai's "Into the Wine")
(2) Who first saw the moon by the river? , ? (Zhang "Moonlit Night on the Spring River")
, with a faint fragrance and sleeves. (Li Qingzhao's "Drunken Flowers")
(3) People who know me worry me; , 。 (The Book of Songs? Xiaomi is gone ")
Qi people didn't blame Qin, and finally the five countries moved out. What a pity! . (Su Xun's "Six Kingdoms")
(4) Gentlemen are born different. ("Xunzi? Persuade ")
Every string is meditation, and every note is meditation. (Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip)
Answer: (1) Don't be shy to ask questions, only great drinkers can be immortalized. (2) At the beginning of the month, Jiang Yue took wine in Dongli after dusk.
(3) People who don't know me ask me why I won't help the five countries. (4) Being good at things seems to be telling us the secret pain of her life.
V. (12)
16, the following four articles were selected from a column of a middle school magazine. Please draw up a suitable topic for this column. Requirements: Make a summary with reference to the structure of any of the following topics, with no more than 15 words. (Shandong Volume in 2008)
Honesty brings you good luck. Kindness is the source of your happiness.
3 "Thrift makes you safe" 4 "Tolerance makes you great"
A:
Answer: For example, virtue benefits you for life.