Concubine is an umbrella term used to refer to all the emperor's concubines. The concubine grade is used to distinguish the status and level between them. Not only in ancient China, as long as the monarchs of countries with a harem system in history, all their concubines can be widely called concubines. Such pronouns are more commonly used in Eastern countries. Until the Han Dynasty, the prince's wives and concubines were divided into three classes. The principal wife was called concubine, and the concubines were called Liangdi and Ruzi. From then on, the imperial concubine system was inherited from the Three Kingdoms until the Qing Dynasty. Most of the titles given to concubines are based on good expectations and wishes.
When Cao Cao was the king of Wei, there were five titles for concubines under the queen: Madam, Zhaoyi, and Langshu?
Emperor Wen Cao Pi added Guifei, Shuyuan, and Xiurong. , Shuncheng, Liangren and so on.
Emperor Ming Cao Rui increased the titles of Shufei, Zhaohua and Xiuyi to the third rank, and abolished the title of Shuncheng.
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Shuyuan's position is regarded as a royal official, and the title is as high as the county prince;
Zhaoyi is as high as the county marquis;
Zhaohua is as good as the rural marquis;
< p>Cultivation of appearance is better than that of Tinghou;Cultivation of ritual is better than that of Guanneihou;
Rong Hua's real salary is two thousand stone;
Beauty is better than two thousand stone. Salary;
A good man values ??a thousand-stone salary.
The concubine hierarchy during the Jin Dynasty was slightly modified by Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, based on the Han and Wei systems.
Suppose there are three ladies: noble concubine, madam and noble lady. The position is regarded as the Three Lords.
Nine concubines: Shufei, Shuyuan, Shuyi, Xiuhua, Xiurong, Xiuyi, Jieyu, Ronghua, Chonghua. The position is Jiuqing.
Others include: beautiful people, talented people, and medium-talented people. Jue is worth less than a thousand stones.
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the titles of concubines increased and decreased.
(1) Southern Dynasties
Song Dynasty
At the beginning of the founding of the Song Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty abolished the titles of talented people and middle talented people, and the rest still used the Jin system.
In the third year of Emperor Xiaojian's reign, the title of concubine was abolished and the title of concubine was newly created. Concubine, concubine and concubine were the three wives. Zhaoyi, Zhaorong, and Zhaohua were used to replace Xiuhua, Xiuyi, and Xiurong among the nine concubines, and Zhongcairen and Chongyi were re-established. The position of a noble concubine is compared to that of a prime minister, a noble concubine is compared to a prime minister, and a noble person is compared to the three ministers (Sima, Situ, and Sikong).
In the second year of Emperor Taishi's reign in the Ming Dynasty, the titles Shufei, Zhaohua, Zhongcairen, and Chongyi were abolished, and the titles Xiuhua, Xiuyi, Xiurong, Cairen, and Liangren were re-established. In the third year of Taishi, the nobles were abolished and replaced by the newly established noble concubines; Zhaohua was reinstalled and Shurong, Chenghui, and Lierong were added.
The levels of concubines are:
The third lady: noble concubine, noble concubine, noble concubine.
Nine concubines: Shuyuan, Shuyi, Shurong, Zhaohua, Zhaoyi, Zhaorong, Xiuhua, Xiuyi, Xiurong.
The titles followed by the nine concubines: Jieyu, Ronghua, Chonghua, Chenghui, and Lierong.
Casual service: beauty, talent, and good man.
Qi
In the first year of the founding of the Qi Dynasty, Emperor Gao of Qi established three wives: Xiuhua, Xiuyi, Xiurong, Shufei, Shuyuan and Shuyi. , Jieyu, Ronghua, and Chonghua are the ninth concubines, beautiful people, middle-class people, and talented people.
In the first year of Yongming Dynasty, the imperial concubines, concubines, and noble concubines were designated as the three wives, and the title of madam was abolished. Because one of the nine concubines is missing, the number of Zhaorong will increase in the seventh year of Yongming.
The prince's concubines are divided into three classes: Liangdi, Baolin, and Cairen. Liangdi is compared to the founding prince, Baolin is compared to the fifth-level princes, and talented people are compared to the Prince-in-law and Commander-in-Chief.
Liang
The three ladies: the noble concubine, the noble concubine, and the noble concubine.
Nine concubines: Shuyuan, Shuyi, Shurong, Zhaohua, Zhaoyi, Zhaorong, Xiuhua, Xiuyi, Xiurong.
Nine concubines below: Jieyu, Ronghua, Chonghua, Chenghui, Lierong.
Others include: beauty, talent, and good man.
The prince’s concubines: Liangdi and Baolin.
Chen
Followed the Liang system.
(2) Northern Dynasties
Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, and Western Wei
The titles of concubines include Left and Right Zhaoyi, Third Lady, Nine Concubines (upper three concubines and lower sixth concubines), The wife of the world, the royal daughter.
The Zhaoyi position on the left and right regards the Grand Sima, the three ladies regard the three princes, the three concubines regard the three ministers, the sixth concubines regard the six ministers, the ladies of the world regard the great ministers, and the imperial concubines regard the noble men.
Later, female officials were appointed to take charge of internal affairs. The internal affairs department is like the minister's orders and servants.
Second rank: chief supervisor, chief eunuch, and maid.
Third grades: prison, female minister, beauty, female historian, female sage, female scholar, scholar, and little scholar.
Four grades: middle-class talents, donors, middle-class envoys, talented girls, and respectful envoys.
Five categories: Tsing Yi, female wine, female food, female food, and female slaves who ridicule officials.
Northern Qi Dynasty
The titles of concubines of the two emperors Wenxuan and Xiaozhao were only madam, concubine and imperial concubine.
Emperor Wu Cheng was lustful and kept many concubines. During the Qinghe period, according to the ancient system, there were three wives, nine concubines, twenty-seven wives, and eighty-one royal daughters. The titles of concubines are:
Zuo Zhaoyi, Bi Prime Minister.
The three ladies: Hongde, Zhengde and Chongde. Than Sangong.
The ninth concubine: the upper concubine: Guangyou, Zhaoxun, and Longhui. Compared with Sanqing. Concubines: Xuanhui, Ninghui, Xuanming, Shunhua, Ninghua, Guangxun. Compared with Liuqing.
Twenty-seventh generation wives: Zhenghua, Lingzi, Xiuxun, Yaoyi, Mingshu, Fanghua, Jingwan, Zhaohua, Guangzheng, Zhaoning, Zhenfan, Honghui, Hede, Hongyou, Maoguang, Mingxin, Jingxun, Yaode, Guangxun, Huifan, Jingxun, Fangyou, Wanhua, Mingfan, Yanyi, Huize, Jingxin. Than from the third grade.
Eighty-one royal ladies: Mu Guang, Maode, Zhenyi, Yaoguang, Zhenning, Guangfan, Lingyi, Neifan, Mugui, Wande, Mingwan, Yanwan, Miaofan , Huizhang, Jingmao, Jingsu, Qiongzhang, Muhua, Shenyi, Miaoyi, Mingyi, Chongming, Lize, Wanyi, Pengyuan, Xiuxian, Xiujing, Hongshen, Yanguang, Yirong , Huishu, Xiuyi, Fangwan, Zhenshen, Mingyan, Zhenmu, Xiufan, Surong, Maoyi, Yingshu, Hongyan, Zhengxin, Ningwan, Yingfan, Huaishun, Xiuyuan, Liangze, Yaozhang, Xuncheng, Runyi, Ningxun, Shuyi, Rouze, Muyi, Xiuli, Zhaoshen, Zhenyuan, Sugui, Jingshun, Rouhua, Zhaoshun, Jingning, Mingxun, Hongyi , Reverence, Xiujing, Chengxian, Zhaorong, Liyi, Xianhua, Sirou, Yuanguang, Huaide, Liangyuan, Shuyi, Maofan, Liangxin, Yanhua, Hui'e, Suyi, Miaozhe. Better than the fourth grade.
Serial number: talented person, talented woman.
After that, two more queens were established, and the number of concubines was doubled. He also appointed Eying on the left and right to compare with the prime ministers on the left and right, and sent Zhaoyi to compare with the two officials. Soon, Concubine Shu was appointed as Prime Minister.
Northern Zhou Dynasty
Historical data are unknown.
In the Tang Dynasty, from the queen down, the wives were noble concubines, virtuous concubines, virtuous concubines and virtuous concubines. Zhaoyi, Zhaorong, Zhaoyuan, Xiuyi, Xiurong, Xiuyuan, Chongyi, Chongrong and Chongyuan are the nine concubines. Below there are also names such as Jieyu, Beauty, Cairen, Baolin, Yunv, Cainv, etc., totaling 108 people. A total of one, two and one person.
The Song Dynasty was similar to the Tang Dynasty. In addition to noble, virtuous, virtuous, and virtuous, the titles of concubines also included Chen Fei. There were more concubine names in the Liao Dynasty, and the gold system basically followed the Tang system: Yuanfei, Guifei, Shufei, Defei, Xianfei, all of which were genuine. Zhaoyi, Zhaorong, Zhaoyuan, Xiuyi, Xiurong, Xiuyuan, Chongyi, Chongrong, Chongyuan are called Jiubin, the second grade. Jieyu, the third grade; beauty, the fourth grade; talented person, the fifth grade; each has nine members, said to be the wife of the twenty-seventh generation. Baolin, the sixth rank; Yunu, the seventh rank; Cainv, the eighth rank; each has twenty-seven people, called the eighty-one imperial wives. According to the golden grid, under the Zhenyou empress system, there are true concubines under the imperial concubines, and Li concubines and soft concubines under the Shu concubines, but there are no virtuous concubines and virtuous concubines. Nine concubines are the same.
During the Ming Dynasty, there were nine named concubines in the palace, and even more unnamed concubines. The concubine names of the Ming Dynasty included Xian, Shu, Jing, Hui, Shun, Kang, Ning, Zhao, etc. Among the concubines, the imperial concubine has the highest rank, second only to the queen, and the imperial concubine is the third.
The Qing Dynasty made reforms because of ethnic issues, and the three virtuous and concubines were not established.